• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.41-57
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• 2004

The subjects in this study were 442 5th and 6th grade school children in Seoul. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, Stepwise Multiple Regression, and MANOVA. The principal findings were that worry, depression, and trait anxiety were positively related to meta-cognitive knowledge, particularly, meta-worry, positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about worry, lower appraisal about cognitive competence, and cognitive self-consciousness. These traits were also positively related to such metacognitive regulation strategies as worry displacement, self punishment, reappraisal, and social control. Metacognition influenced worry, depression, and trait anxiety; groups having more problems worry, depression, and trait anxiety showed high scores in metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation strategies.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2023

As smartphone use is increasing within the middle-aged population, society should pay closer attention to the mental health problems associated with smartphone addiction. This study examines the possibility that depression, anxiety, and ADHD can be interpreted not only as negative aspects, but also as positive aspects, in an addiction-related individual. We used habitual and addictive smartphone behavior as the dependent variables; anxiety, ADHD, depression, and habitual smartphone use as the independent variables; and self-control as a moderating variable. Depression and ADHD in smartphone users were found to be associated with higher levels of addictive smartphone use. Anxiety was having negative effect on addictive smartphone use. However, habitual smartphone use didn't significantly affect addictive smartphone use. Further analysis indicated that depression, anxiety, and ADHD have mediating effects on habitual smartphone use. This study confirmed that psychological factors in adults, as well as habitual/addictive smartphone use and self-control, significantly influence smartphone overdependence.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.579-588
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of anxiety and depression on health-related QOL(Quality of Life) of middle aged women and to test hypothetical model of QOL. This study is a pathway analysis study using 1692 middle aged women whose age range is between 40 and 64. This study was performed as secondary analysis using the data from the 2015 Korean Social Psychological Anxiety Examination Survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and pathway analysis. As a result, Stress, social support, aged preparation, self-esteem, anxiety, depression and QOL showed significant correlation. Anxiety was directly affected by stress(.21, p=.009) and social support(-.05, p=.046). Depression was directly affected by stress(.28, p=.016), social support(-.10, p=.008) and self-esteem(-.38, p=.039). Both anxiety(-.16, pp=.009) and depression(-.17, p=.011) had effect on QOL but depression was mediated by anxiety in affecting to QOL. Anxiety and depression of middle aged women affect to QOL and QOL is affected by depression via anxiety. It suggests that it needs to provide nursing intervention for mental health such as anxiety and depression for QOL of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.245-255
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical health, anxiety and depression of the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group with those of a non-trained group and to analyze the relationship between the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing method and physical health, anxiety, and depression. The number of people in the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group over 3 months was 149 and in the non-trained group 142. Data were collected from August to October 1999. As tools, 35 physical symptom questions were chosen from The Cornell Medical Index modified by Nam(1965) and from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) by Kim(1984); 10 questions on anxiety and 13 questions on depression were used in the study. The statistics of the study were gathered by using SPSS Window; the analysis was made by applying $X^2$-test, t-test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and Scheffe tests. The results were as follows. 1. The Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group had lower physical symptom score and showed less anxiety and depression than the non-trained group, which supported the 1st, 2nd, 3rd hypotheses. 2. The longer the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing, the lower the physical symptom score, which supports the 4th hypothesis, but the 5th and, 6th hypotheses were not supported because anxiety and depression did not get lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing got longer. 3. The physical symptom score, anxiety and depression that were made by the general characteristics of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group were analyzed. As a result, the physical symptom score of women was greater than that of men. Physical symptoms score and the rate of anxiety and depression were different by education levels. The degree of anxiety was different by age. Those who have a religion have a higher physical symtoms score than people who have no religion. There was no difference in physical health score, anxiety and depression according to marital status, economic status and occupations. The results suggest that the physical and mental health status of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group is better than that of the non-trained group. Physical symptoms scores gets lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing gets longer which results in the improvement of physical health status.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of foot massage as a nursing intervention on preoperative anxiety, depression and sleep satisfaction in patients with breast surgery. Method: Research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Forty-one patients were assigned to the control group (21) and the experimental group (20). The patients answered a questionnaire containing measures of anxiety, depression and sleep satisfaction before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Chi-square test, and t test using the SPSS WIN 11.0 program. Result: Anxiety and depression for the experimental group were significantly lower than those for the control group(t=2.556, p=0.008, t=2.932, p=0.006). Sleep pattern of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=2.313, p=0.013). Conclusion: Judging from these results, it is suggested that foot massage might have beneficial effects on reducing preoperative anxiety, depression, and increasing sleep satisfaction.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2013

Purpose: To examine the effects of a case management program on self-efficacy, depression and anxiety in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-seven patients who enrolled in a diabetes outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=19) or a control group (n=18). The experimental group received a 2-week intervention composed of a series of one face-to-face interactive interview and five telephone interviews based on the National standards for diabetes self-management education and Bandura's self-efficacy resources of performance accomplishment, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal. The effects of the intervention were assessed by completion of a 9-item self-efficacy questionnaire, a 20-item depression questionnaire and a 20-item anxiety questionnaire prior to, and after the intervention. The statistical significances were examined using t-test. Results: The change in self-efficacy was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Depression and anxiety changes in the experimental group were significantly greater compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The results of study suggest that a case management program improves self-efficacy, and decreases depression and anxiety in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

Objectives This study investigated associations between symptom severity and neurocognitive functions in patients with major depressive disorder using comprehensive neuropsychological tests. Methods Ten patients with low depression (LD) and 22 patients with high depression (HD) participated. Symptom severity was determined by both the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Additionally, anxiety was measured by the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-KYZ). Ten subtests of the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (K-WAIS), Stroop test, the word/design fluency tests were administered to assess cognition. Results The LD and HD groups did not differ in any of cognitive measures but anxiety level. Namely, the HD group obtained significantly higher scores on the state (U = 29.50, p < 0.01) and trait (U = 28.50, p < 0.001) anxiety scales than the LD group. A significant interaction effect between trait anxiety and depression severity was observed on the picture arrangement subtest of the K-WAIS [F (1, 27) = 5.09, p < 0.05]. Conclusions Cognitive deficits observed in patients with major depressive disorder may be related to other factors rather than current symptom severity. Trait anxiety possibly moderates the effect of current symptom severity on social judgment in these patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 2009

Purpose: This study adopted the non-equivalent control group pre-posttest design in order to examine the effects of aromatherapy and hand massage on anxiety, sleep, and depression in the female aged at residential facilities. Methods: This study was executed with the female aged at two residential facilities divided into an experimental group (n=35) and a control group (n=37). Data were collected by checking changes in the anxiety, sleep, and depression of the subjects who had received aromatherapy and hand massage ten times for two weeks. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance). Results: The condition of anxiety and depression of the experimental group who had received aromatherapy and hand massage was significantly lower than that of the control group. Also, the condition of sleep of experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The aromatherapy and hand massage program had a positive effect on institutionalized elders' anxiety, sleep, and depression pattern.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on pain, depression, and anxiety in terminally ill patients. Methods: Twenty patients in the experimental group were provided with music via headphones for 30-40 min at a time as they requested for 2 weeks, whereas no music was provided for the nineteen patients in the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The research instruments included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Depression & Anxiety Inventory Scale. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and Fisher's exact test, using SPSS 15.0. Results: There were significant decreases in the scores of pain at present (t=-2.54, p<.05), depression (t=-2.187, p<.05) and anxiety (Z=-2.114, p<.05) in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: Music therapy is considered non-invasive and inexpensive intervention and can be easily applied to alleviate pain, depression and anxiety for terminally ill patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.321-329
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therpy on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of 36 patients (Experimental group: 18, Control group: 18) who received hemodialysis in three hospitals located in Seoul. The measures were a Music Preference Questionnaire (MPQ), anxiety measurement, and depression measurement. Data was collected from December 26, 2004 to April 2, 2005 through questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 program. Result: The first hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less anxiety than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was supported(F=8.05, p=.008). The second hypothesis that patient undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less depression than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was supported(F=11.86, p=.002). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that music therapy may be applied as a method of nursing intervention contributing to the improvement of quality life by reducing their anxiety and depression of patients undergoing hemodialysis.