• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how disease activity and uncertainty influence anxiety and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis Methods: Participants were 125 patients with ankylosing spondylitis who had attended the rheumatology division of a university hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to assess disease activity, uncertainty, anxiety, and depression. The data gathered were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression. Results: Differences were observed in anxiety based on job status, and in depression based on age, marriage, and job status. Uncertainty and disease activity predicted patients' anxiety and explained 40% of the variance in this measure, and the relative influence of uncertainty (${\beta}=.38$, p<.001) was larger than that of disease activity (${\beta}=.30$, p<.001). Furthermore, uncertainty and disease activity predicted depression and explained 36% of the variance therein, and the relative influence of uncertainty (${\beta}=.27$, p=.002) and disease activity (${\beta}=.27$, p=.003) was similar. Conclusion: This study confirmed that disease activity and uncertainty influenced anxiety and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Therefore, efforts to decrease anxiety and depression in patients with this condition must take into consideration disease activity when implementing nursing interventions and should include strategies to lower uncertainty.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.329-339
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of job insecurity on job related depression and anxiety in large- and small-sized company employees. Methods: Data of the third Korean Working Condition Survey in 2011 were used. Subjects were 2,050 large-sized company employees and 18,924 small-sized company workers. $x^2$ test and multiple logistic regression using SAS 9.2 were conducted. Results: Large- and small-sized company employees showed significant differences in terms of demographic, health-related, and job-related characteristics. From the bivariate analysis, gender, income, self-rated health, occupation, working hours per week, job-related stress, workplace violence, and job insecurity were significantly related to job-related depression/anxiety in large-sized company employees. From the multivariate analysis, higher income (AOR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.07~0.71), better health perception (AOR: 0.05, 95%CL: 0.01~0.18), 40 or more working hours per week (AOR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.05~0.79) showed lower risk for job-related depression/anxiety. From the bivariate and multivariate analysis, better health perception (AOR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.20~0.53), higher job-related stress (AOR: 2.57, 95%CI: 1.68~3.93, workplace violence experience (AOR: 4.26; 95%CI: 2.88~6.30), and job insecurity experience (AOR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.18~3.05) were significantly related to job-related depression/anxiety in small-sized company employees. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that job insecurity experience was significantly related to job-related depression/anxiety in small-sized company employees but not in large-sized company employees. Therefore, small-sized company workers who have experienced feeling of job insecurity are vulnerable population in terms of job-related depression/anxiety.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.328-339
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the mental health status of Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify the predictors and mediating effects of avoidance coping on the relationship between the intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety and the intolerance of uncertainty and depression. Methods: An online survey was completed by 191 Korean adults from 19 to 64 years old. Using the IBM SPSS Win 19.0 program, the data were analyzed through the frequency, mean, t-test or analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis and Sobel test. Results: Of the survey respondents 21.5%, and 33.5% respectively were classified into anxiety and depression risk groups. The predictors of anxiety were intolerance of uncertainty (β=.52), avoidance coping (β=.21), and response efficacy (β=-.15). Those variables explained 47.7% of the respondents' anxiety. The predictors of depression were intolerance of uncertainty (β=.40), avoidance coping (β=.20), and response-efficacy (β=-.12). These variables explained 34.9% of the participants' depression. Among the predictors of anxiety and depression, avoidance coping was the significant mediating variable. Conclusion: The predictors of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic were revealed to be intolerance of uncertainty, avoidance coping, and response-efficacy. These results indicate the necessity of providing the cognitive interventions and reducing the use of avoidance coping strategies on a personal level. Community-level efforts, including early detection and health communication strategies, should prioritize risk groups for example young adults. The study suggests it will be necessary to provide sufficient information, psychological support and economic policy alternatives related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the national level.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aimed to explore the association between depression and perceived stress, viral anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, and poor sleep quality among the general population in Bangladesh, with self-efficacy as a possible mediator. Methods : Data on stress and anxiety during the pandemic in Bangladesh were collected through an online survey from September 16, 2021 to October 4, 2021. Viral anxiety and depression were measured using the Bangla version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-6 (SAVE-6) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Self-efficacy was measured by the General Self-efficacy (GSE) scale. Reassurance-seeking behavior related to the coronavirus disease 2019 infection was measured by the Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS). Results : The CRBS showed a significant correlation with SAVE-6 (r=0.281, p<0.001) and PHQ-9 (r=0.227, p<0.001). People with higher anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, and poor sleep quality had lower self-efficacy, which led to depression. In contrast, perceived stress increased self-efficacy. The psychological factors impacted depression directly as well as indirectly, and self-efficacy mediated the association. Conclusions : Viral anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, perceived stress, and poor sleep quality have a close correlation with depression both directly and indirectly. Self-efficacy can be a mediating factor in the association between psychological distress and depression. Viral anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, and poor sleep quality reduce self-efficacy. On the other hand, perceived stress can strengthen self-efficacy.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2016

Objective : This study aimed to quantify the degrees of insomnia, depression and anxiety felt by employees, and to understand which components of insomnia affect depression and anxiety. Methods : One thousand employees who had medical checkups from January to December 2014 in the Workplace Mental Health Institute of Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center were selected randomly. Sleep quality, depression, and anxiety were rated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively. Good and poor sleepers were divided into two groups according to their total PSQI score : ${\leq}5$ for good sleepers or >5 for poor sleepers. Results : Of 998 employees, 742 (74.35%) had PSQI total scores below 5, and 256 (25.65%) had scores over 5. Multivariate linear regression analysis using the 7 components of PSQI versus BAI, and CES-D scores revealed that subjective sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, sleep disturbance, sleep latency and sleep duration components were significantly associated with both BAI and CES-D. Conclusion : Among the components of insomnia, subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction were most strongly associated with depression and anxiety.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2009

Objective : This study examined changes in the depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Air Force conscripts during their Basic Military Training. Methods : Study participants were 500 Air Force conscripts. The study reviewed participants' self-reports on depression, symptoms of anxiety, and suicidal ideation at weeks 2, 4, and 6 of their training. Results : At weeks 2 and 4 of training, participants' mean BDI, BAI, and SCL-90-R depression and anxiety subscale scores were within the mild ranges. However, at week 6, those mean scores were in the normal ranges. The mean scores for the BDI, the BAI, and the depression and anxiety subscales of the SCL-90-R at weeks 2 and 4 were significantly elevated over the corresponding scores for week 6 (each F=8.78, df=2, p<0.01 ; F=22.16, df=2, p<0.01 ; F=11.08, df=2, p<0.01 ; F=3.42, df=2, p<0.05). Suicidal ideation, revealed by the mean BSIS score, fell within the normal range (F=9.94, df=2, p<0.01) throughout the study period. Conclusions : These results suggest that conscripts' initial levels of psychological distress in the form of depression and anxiety are slightly elevated, but most adapt to this distress during basic training. Therefore, more attention must be paid to the early stages of conscripts' basic training in order to address these concerns.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2018

Objective : High-risk pregnant women are exposed to the physical and emotional crisis associate with the condition of high-risk pregnancy, making these women emotionally unstable, exhibiting such conditions as depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to examine what effects the temperament and character of high-risk pregnant women had on their depression, anxiety, and maternal-fetal attachment. Methods : A hundred and five high-risk pregnant women were recruited in the maternity ward of the Keimyung University medical center. All subjects were administered a sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire, Temperament and Character Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State, and Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. Results : First, higher scores on the harm-avoidance scale and lower scores on the self-directedness scale were associated with higher depression scores. Second, higher scores on the harm-avoidance and reward-dependence scale were associated with higher anxiety scores. Lastly, higher scores on the cooperativeness scale were associated with higher maternal-fetal attachment scores. Conclusion : Temperament and character in high-risk pregnant women were associated with the degree of depression, anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment. Based on these findings, it is suggested that examining temperament and character in advance and screening for vulnerability in pregnant women can help to prevent emotional problems for high-risk pregnant women.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.297-307
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• 2009

Objectives : Insomnia, depression and anxiety disorder are widespread in elderly patients. Mood disorder and insomnia share complex theoretical and clinical relationships. We investigated if traditional Korean medical treatment and breathing meditation are effective in patient with insomnia, depression and anxiety disorder. Methods : We treated one patient with traditional Korean medical treatment such as accupuncture, herb-medication, moxa and breathing meditation Results : After Treatment, the chief complaint and accompanying symptoms were improved, and the score of BAI, SADS, BDI, PSQI, IQ were decresed. Conclusions : According to this study traditional Korean medical treatment is effective for the cure of insomnia, depression and anxiety disorder and breathing meditation forifies the traditional Korean medical treatment.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.259-268
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship among cellular phone addiction, depression, anxiety, and school life satisfaction by examining 284 elementary school students, especially the fifth and sixth graders in Gyeonggi province. This study was done by dividing two groups with top 25 percent and the lowest 25 percent of group(addicts' group vs. non-addicts' group), and 144 out of 284 elementary school students were used for this study. According to the survey, it turned out that the significant variables to predict the addiction are school life satisfaction, learning, classroom setting, and school events, including the top variables of anxiety and depression. And a further point is that relationship satisfaction, anxiety, depression, physical setting, and class satisfaction show how much students are addicted to cellular phone. Finally, this paper suggests the limitation and efficiency of the study compared to previous studies.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of providing prostatic hypertrophy patients with information about an upcoming prostate biopsy procedure on their anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Methods: Sixty-two participants were divided equally into an experimental and control group. Experiments were conducted from July 31, 2015, to March 30, 2016. After providing information, we evaluated anxiety, depression, and sleep quality using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, t-tests, and ANCOVA using SPSS. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower levels of anxiety and depression than the control group. The experimental group also demonstrated significantly higher sleep quality. Conclusion: Information on an upcoming prostate biopsy improved psychological outcomes in patients with prostatic hypertrophy. This education should be incorporated into nursing practice.