• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2011

Objective : Kyenegum has been frequently used for characterizing digestive symptoms in the traditional and oriental medicines. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of extracts from velvet antlers using the 4 different kinds of extracting methods. Methods : The extracts of velvet antlers were extracted using a $65^{\circ}C$ DW (9hrs), a Kyenegum crude enzyme, a $121^{\circ}C$ DW (2hrs), and a Kyenegum protease. To evaluate the characteristic of velvet antler extracts, we examined the brix, soluble solid, amino acid, mineral composition, and collagen protein. Results : As a result of the comparisons of velvet antlers extracted by the traditional extraction and the crude enzyme of kyenegum, the brix and soluble solid showed the higher contents for kyenegum enzymes. Also, mineral contents of the extracted velvet antlers were higher, particularly in Ca and P for those. The contents of collagen protein, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, were found to be more than twice in kyenegum protease compared with other extracting methods. Conclusion : These results indicated that the Kyenegum crude enzyme and protease are very effective to extract of velvet antlers.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.221-225
• /
• 1986

소시지 배합시에 부산물의 사웅가능성을 Linear Programming에 의해 조사하였다. 원료육 중류만을 고려하여 8가지의 제한조건 조합((1)수분 및 고기함량, (1)+염통, (1)+내장육, (1)+머리고기, (1)+염통+등지방, (1)+염통, 十 내 장육,(1)+ 염통 + 머리고기 . (1) + 염통+머리고기+등지방)에 의해 최소가격 배합을 시도하여 본 결과. 현실적으로 가장 경제적인 배합은 수분 및 고기함량과 염통 및 내장육 사용을 고려한 것으로 나타났다. 등지방의 사용을 고려하였을 경우가 가장 비싼 배합비를 초래하였다. 그러나 이러한 결과는 국내 규정에 제한이 없는 식물성 단백질 등 결착제 및 증량제를 첨가할 경우에 달라질 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2022

The Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) is a subspecies of sika deer originated from Hokkaido, Japan. This paper is a study on the ecological impact caused by large mammals invading the ecosystem. Two pairs of deer were donated to the Agency for Defense Development in Taean in the late 1980s, and the population expanded to over 280 in 2018. The thermal imaging camera showed that the population ranged from 8 to 53 herds, divided into approximately 10 groups. It was confirmed that some of the herds had escaped the management area and invaded the nearby natural ecosystem, causing damage to cultivated land and natural vegetation. Herds of over 50 individuals have been studied in large grassland areas near drinking water sources such as streams and ponds. In places with excessive deer concentration, 1) feeding damage to herbs, shrubs and sub-trees, 2) tree withering due to antler-rubbing, and their habit of migrating along forest edges 3) excessive soil loss on slopes, 4) destruction of herbaceous layers due to compaction, and finally 5) damage to infrastructure were also investigated. As such, it is expected that the results of this study on the ecological and economic damage of Yezo sika deer can be used to predict the impact of other exotic sika deer in South Korea with similar behavioral characteristics and to establish a management plan.

• 대한융합한의학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.25-44
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Gaming disorder has been viewed as a disease in the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Its essential symptoms are loss of control over gaming, gaming becoming a markedly prioritized activity over other activities of daily living, and continued and excessive use of gaming despite negative problems occurring. Methods: Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to gaming disorder because the striatal pathways related to reward develop earlier than the control regions of the prefrontal cortex. It is also associated with decreased dopamine D2 receptors. Addiction is related to 'want' and is explained by incentive-sensitization. In addition, allostasis, in which homeostasis is continuously achieved at a new target value, is also related to gaming disorder. In addition, personality causes, unchangeable factors, and external factors can influence on the onset of gaming disorder. Results: Prevention is the best solution for gaming disorder, and the role of parents is important. For gaming disorder, bupropion is used, cognitive-behavioral therapy and family-based therapy are also beneficial. Herbal medicine treatment such as Antler velvet and ginseng can be effective. Electroacupuncture and acupuncture using PC6, SP6, and LR3 has a correlation with relieving Internet craving. Ear-acupuncture was also effective in treating addiction. Conclusion: Psychologically, 'want' is an intense longing for reward and motivation, and is related to addiction. This 'want' may rather be related to avoidance, and game addiction in children and adolescents may be due to wanting to escape from academic stress or avoidance of comparison. Therefore, the importance of 'like', which gives pleasure in itself, increases. It can also be explained with Sasang Constitutional Medicine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.1037-1047
• /
• 2008

Background : A traditional Oriental medicine, GongJjn-dan (GJD), is one of the most well-known tonic agents in Korea. Among 6 types of GJD components, antler, red ginseng, and Cornus fructus have shown antioxidant effects, while EtOH-induced tissue damage may be a consequence of oxidative stress. Objectives & Methods : The hepatoprotective effects of GJD were evaluated on EtOH-mediated experimental liver damaged rats at 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/kg comparing with 100mg/kg of silymarin as a reference drug in the present study. Test substances were dosed once a day for 60 days with oral administration of 20% ethanol 2.5ml/100g body weight twice a day (equivalent to 7.9g ethanol/kg/day). Each of 8 rats per group was selected using body weight at 10 days after acclimatization. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 60 days of continuous oral treatment of test substances with 20% ethanol treatment, and changes on the body weight, liver weight, and serum AST and ALT were observed. Results : There were dramatic decreases of body weight and increases of liver weight and serum AST and ALT. Similar inhibition effects on the EtOH-induced hepatic damages were detected between equal dosages of GJD and silymarin. Conclusion : Based on these results. it is concluded that GJD showed clear hepatoprotective effects on EtOH-induced hepatic damage.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.114-117
• /
• 2001

Cervi Parvum Cornu is widely used as a hemopoietic, tonifying, growth-promoting, cardiotonic, and immuno-modulating agent in Korea. In order to develop the quality control method of Cervi Parvum Cornu by the identification of the biological source or origin, the molecular approach was applied using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and PCR-RFLF (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. In the PCR analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and cytochrome b gene regions, no distinctive DNA bands from Cervidae (deer) antlers and Rangifer (reindeer) antlers were observed. However, when the amplified products in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene region were subjected to restriction digestion with TaqI, Cervidae antlers showed an undigested state of 380 by band, differently from two bands of 230 by and 1S0 by from Rangifer antlers. Based on this finding, the base sequences of amplified PCR products in the range of mitochondria) cytochrome b gene from Cervidae antlers and Rangifer antlers were determined and subjected to restriction analysis by various endonucleases. The results showed that antlers from Rangifer species could be simply discriminated with other antlers from 8 Cervidae species (Chinese deer, Russian deer, Hong Kong deer, New Zealand deer, Kazakhstan deer, elk, red deer and Sika deer) by PCR-RFLP analysis using AtuI, HaeIII, HpaII or Sau3AI(MboI) as well as TaqI in the range of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 1988

Ganoerma lucidum의 인공재배(人工栽培)로 얻은 자실체(子實體)의 형태적(形態摘) 특성(特性)을 기초(基礎)로 계통(系統)을 분류(分類)하고 전기영동특성(電氣泳動特性)과의 관련성(關聯性)을 검토하였다. 영지균은 버섯의 형태(形態)와 윤문(輪紋)의 유무에 따라 4계통(系統)으로 분류(分類)되었으며 그중 편각 윤문형(輪紋形)이 가장 많았고 전형적 녹각형은 소수였다. 자실체(子實體)의 모양 즉 편각과 녹각, 갓 표면(表面)의 윤문(輪紋) 유무(有無)는 유전성(遺傳性)이었다. 영지균사(菌絲) 및 자실체(子實體)의 전기영동(電氣泳動)에 의한 단백질(蛋白質), Peroxidase, Esterase 및 Leucine Amino Peptidase Isozyme Pattern을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 한국자생영지균(韓國自生靈芝菌)은 유전형질(遺傳形質)에 다양성(多樣性)을 보였다. 그중 Esterase Isozyme Pattern은 편각과 녹각간에 차이가 컸고 동(同) 계통(系統)간에는 높은 유사도(類似度)를 보여 계통분류(系統分類) 결과(結果)와 일치하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of KHG26792 (3-(naphthalen-2-yl(propoxy)methyl)azetidine hydrochloride), a potential skin whitening agent, on melanin synthesis and identify the underlying mechanism of action. Our data showed that KHG26792 significantly reduced melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, KHG26792 downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis, although tyrosinase was not inhibited directly. KHG26792 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas an ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, rescued KHG26792-induced hypopigmentation. These results suggest that KHG26792 decreases melanin production via ERK activation. Moreover, the hypopigmentary effects of KHG26792 were confirmed in a pigmented skin equivalent model using Cervi cornus Colla (deer antler glue), in which the color of the pigmented artificial skin became lighter after treatment with KHG26792. In summary, our findings suggest that KHG26792 is a novel skin whitening agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 2018

Background: The impact of fungicide azoxystrobin, applied as foliar spray, on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng was studied in ginseng (Panax ginseng Mey. cv. "Ermaya") under natural environmental conditions. Different concentrations of 25% azoxystrobin SC (150 g a.i./ha and 225 g a.i./ha) on ginseng plants were sprayed three times, and the changes in physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves were tested. Methods: Physiological and biochemical indices were measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2450). Every index was determined three times per replication. Extracts of ginsenosides were analyzed by HPLC (Shimadzu LC20-AB) utilizing a GL-Wondasil $C_{18}$ column. Results: Chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were significantly (p = 0.05) increased compared with the control by the application of azoxystrobin. Additionally, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and ginsenoside contents in azoxystrobin-treated plants were improved, and malondialdehyde content and $O_2^-$ contents were reduced effectively. Azoxystrobin treatments to ginseng plants at all growth stages suggested that the azoxystrobin-induced delay of senescence was due to an enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity protecting the plants from harmful active oxygen species. When the dose of azoxystrobin was 225 g a.i./ha, the effect was more significant. Conclusion: This work suggested that azoxystrobin played a role in delaying senescence by changing physiological and biochemical indices and improving ginsenoside contents in ginseng leaves.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2018

2017년 4월 중순 경남 양산에 소재한 골프장에서 Laetisariafuciformis에 의한 redthread 병징이 켄터키블루그래스에 발생하였다. 골프코스의 페어웨이에 불규칙한 모양의 병반 형태로 발생하였다. 감염된 잎은 마름증상을 보이면서 점차 볏짚색으로 변했으며, 잎의 끝부분은 실모양으로 헝클어져있었다. 이른 아침에는 분홍빛을 띤 젤라틴 형태로된 사슴뿔 모양의 균핵을 형성하였다. 배양적 특징으로 균총은 옅은 분홍색이었으며 균사다발이 형성되었고 3-5mm 크기의 연한 분홍색 균핵을 형성하였다. 병원균은 형태, 배양적특징 및 분자생물학적 특징을 토대로 L. fuciformis로 동정되었다. 코흐의 원칙에 따라 병원성 검정을 실시하여 켄터키블루그래스에 병원성이 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 한국에서 L. fuciformis에 의해 켄터키블루그래스에 발생하는 redthread에 대한 최초의 보고이다.