• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

Objective: To examine the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Amomum xanthoides extract and its fractions. Methods: Methanol extract of Amomum xanthoides was fractionated into three fractions; petroleum ether fraction (PFAX), water fraction (WFAX) and ethyl acetate fraction (AFAX). The antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these fractions were compared by in vitro experiments. Results: The total phenols content and DPPH (1 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was found significant in AFAX when compared with other fractions (PFAX, WFAX). AFAX significantly inhibited NO production by RAW 264.7 cells in LPS-activated condition. In Hep $G_2$ cells, AFAX markedly prevented the leakage of LDH and release of AST against CCl4 challenge. Conclusion: Amomum xanthoides and especially ethyl acetate fraction have potent antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.373-379
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• 2000

The Ulmi corex extract was prepared using various solvents to investigate the availability as a natural antioxidant. The extracts were added to lard emulsion and the antioxidant activities were compared. The extract that had a greater antioxidant activity was fractionized. Then the antioxidant activity and substrate specificity of the fraction were examined and optimum concentration of addition was determined. To observe the antioxidative effect of the fraction in vivo, an inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation from which might be derived was measured using a microsome in rat's liver. Among the extracts of Ulmi cortex, the extract from water had the best antioxidant activity, and the addition of 0.05% (w/w) of ethyl acetate fraction showed similar antioxidant activity to a synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA). Ethyl acetate fraction (0.05%, w/w) also presented the antioxidative effect in lard, soybean oil, palm oil, and com oil. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver microsome showed feater in the ethyl acetate fraction than caffeic acid in both nonenzymatic peroxidation (Fe$\^$++/ascorbate system) and enzymatic peroxidation (Fe$\^$++/-ADP/NaDPH system).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

This study was designed to determine the antioxidant activity of solvent fractions of broccoli sprouts grown by controlling the growing environment at the plant factory system. Fractionation was achieved with chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, water by 70% EtOH extract of the broccoli sprouts. Each solvent fraction was put through TLC and HPLC to separate active components. Higher antioxidant activities were observed for the butanol and ethyl acetate layers. Further evaluation of each of the 5 layers (LH1 to LH5) of the butanol fraction showed that the refined LH3 extract had a high antioxidant effect. Components with similar Rf values from TLC had the same retention times and peaks in the HPLC analysis. It was also determined that the sulforaphane content was high at the chloroform and butanol layers and the sulforaphane was responsible for, the high antioxidant activity. Thus, to use for functional materials, the butanol extract/layer of broccoli sprouts is recommended as the most effective.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 1994

An antioxidant activity of Gardenia Fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) which has been used for food coloring was studied. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed to the air at $37^{\circ}C$, using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Both water and methanol extracts of Gardenia Fruit showed the antioxidant activity. On solvent fractionation, the antioxidant activity was removed into the ethyl acetate and butanol soluble fractions. And the final water soluble fraction also showed the antioxidant activity in the low concentration, but it promoted the lipid peroxidation in the high concentration. Two compounds (I and II) having the antioxidant activity were isolated from the butanol fraction, and compound I also occurred in the ethyl acetate fraction. The antioxidant activity of compound II was more potent than that of I. By analyzing data for UV, IR and $^1H-NMR$, compounds I and II were identified as geniposide and crocin, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 1997

The antioxidant activity of Artemisia iwayomogi was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The methanol extract of A. iwayomogi showed strong antioxidant activity, and thus fractionated with several solvents. The antioxidant activity potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethyl acetate > n-butanol > water > chloroform > n-hexane fraction. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fractions exhibiting strong antioxidant activity were further purified by repeated sitica get and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidant chlorogenic acid was isolated as one of the active principles from the n-butanol fraction, together with the inactive components, 1octacosanol, scopoletin, scopolin, apigenin $7, 4^{I}$-di-O-methylether, luteolin $6, 3^{I}$-di-O-methylether (jaceosidin), apigenin methylether (genkwanin), 2, 4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone $4-O-{\beta}-$D-glucopyranoside and quebrachitol. The antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid was comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid, which is a well known antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.595-600
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• 1997

The antioxidant activity of the solvent fractions extracted from onion skin was examined. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract at the cencentration of 0.02% and 0.03% was stronger than that of mixed tocopherol. The antioxidant activity of the fractions of methanol extract increased in the order of butanol> ethyl acetate> ethyl ether> water fraction. The antioxidant activity of each fractions was strongly related with total phenol content and HDA. Further separation of butanol fraction by TLC yielded 6 fluorescent bands with Rf values of 0.20, 0.33, 0.49, 0.60 and 0.94. The total phenol content and HDA of fluorescent band, Rf 0.96, were remarkable higher than those of the other band and exhibited a strong UV absorption at 255 nm and 317 nm, which would be specifically produced by flavonol. Spectral analyses indicated that the major antioxidant component was quercetin aglycone (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1988

The effect of the saponin fraction extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. Microsomal preparation of rat(Winter, 180-200g) liver was incubated in the mixture containing NADPH, $Fe^{3+}$, ATP, $\alpha$-tocopherol with and/or without ginseng saponin fraction for 30 minutes and the malondialdehyde formed was assayed and found that the saponin fraction stimulated the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol cooperatively. It was also realized that the cooperative stimulation of the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol was most eminent when the concentration of the saponin fraction was around $10^{-5}$% in the reaction mixture. Alcoholic suspension of $\alpha$-tocopherol with and f or without ginseng saponin fraction was administered orally to rats in which the lipid preoccupation was induced by ethanol administration and the lipid peroxide contents of the liver were assayed at certain periods of time after $\alpha$-tocopherol administration in this animal. From the previous work and present experimental results, it seemed that the saponin fraction accelerated the absorption of $\alpha$-tocopherol and therefore stimulated the antioxidant activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol more effectively in the animal body.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.513-518
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of yield, total phenolics, saponin content and composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of various fractions of fine ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) by maceration method in the order of increasing polarity (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water). Butanol fraction showed the highest total saponin content compare to other fractions. Hexane fraction could harvest significantly high ginsenoside Rg2, Rg1, and Rf (p<0.05). And the contents of ginsenoside Rh1, Rg3, and Rg1 showed relatively higher in the fraction of ethyl acetate than other fractions. The system of hexane-chloroform-ethyl aceate-butanol showed relatively high content of ginsenoside Re, Rd, Rc, Rb3, and Rb1. However, the last fraction of water still remained lots of Rb2 content. The fraction of water was the highest phenolics. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of water fraction was higher than the other fractions. In antimicrobial activity, the fraction of hexane showed relatively high antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. And the fractions of the chloroform and ethyl acetate showed higher antimicrobial activities than the other samples in against P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2014

To investigate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of Opuntia humifusa cladodes, O. humifusa cladodes powder was extracted with 75% ethanol and fractionated with various solvents. Among the extracts fractionated with various solvents, ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of O. humifusa cladodes were highest ($89.94{\pm}1.15%$ and $29.01{\pm}3.03%$, respectively) in the ethyl acetate fraction. Further, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were the highest ($196.02{\pm}5.26$ and $114.00{\pm}10.03{\mu}g/mg$, respectively). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased according to the concentration of O. humifusa cladodes extract, and those of the ethyl acetate fraction were the highest. Ferric reducing antioxidant powers of chloroform and the ethyl acetate fraction were higher than those of other fractions. Overall, the ethyl acetate fraction of O. humifusa cladodes showed the highest anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. Results indicate that O. humifusa cladodes powder has potential as a useful ingredient with anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2007

The potential antioxidant and anticancer activities of Hexane, EtOAc (Ethyl acetate), BuOH (n-Buthanol) and water fractions from methanolic (MeOH) extract of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. were evaluated in vitro. Tested fractions showed strong antioxidant activity, especially EtOAc fraction had the highest activity ($IC_{50}\;=\;114.01\;{\mu}g/mL$), containing high total phenolics and total flavonoids contents, showed $67.59\;Tan\;{\mu}g/mg$ and $64.95\;Que\;{\mu}g/mg$ respectively. Anticancer activity of these fractions was tested by MTT assay on HT-29 (the human colon carcinoma cells) cell line. BuOH fraction not only showed very high anticancer activity, but also had no cytotoxic effect on 293 (the human normal kidney cells) cell line. Considering these results, we used BuOH fraction of MeOH crude extract from P. quassioides (D.Don) Benn. to do assessment of apoptosis by flow cytometry and the mRNA expression levels of widely established apoptotic-related genes on HT-29 cell line. All the experiments showed that BuOH fraction can induce apoptosis on HT-29 cell line strongly. Taken together, methanolic extract of P. quassioides has potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities products.