• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

Various lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Korean Kimchi in order to study their antimutagenic substances. Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 showed the strain KLAB21 to have the highest antimutagenic activity among the 230 isolated strains against MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine), NPD (4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine), NQO (4-nitrosoquinoline-1-oxide) and AFB1 (aflatoxin B1). The strain was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum based on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. Antimutagenic activity of L. plantarum KLAB21 was found in culture supernatant suggesting the bacterium secrete antimutagenic substance in the media. No mutagenic activity was found in the culture supernatant. The isolated strain L. plantarum KLAB21 showed much higher antimutagenic activity than L. plantarum IAM1261 which is being used industrially for fermented milk production. The antimutagenic activity of L.plantarum KLAB21 was reconfirmed by the spore-rec assay using spores of Bacillus subtilis H17($Rec^+$) and M45($Rec^-$).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2004

Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19 were investigated under various culture conditions to maximize the production of antimutagenic substance(s) against aflatoxin Bl(AFBl) on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TAI00 and TA98. The MRS medium containing glucose(2$\%$) as a carbon source and yeast extract(1 $\%$) as a nitrogen source resulted in the highest production of the antimutagenic substance(s) against aflatoxin Bl(AFBl) in the culture supernatant of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19. Optimal pH of the medium, culture temperature and shaking speed for the antimutagenic substance(s) production were pH 7.0, 30$^{\circ}C$ and 150 rpm, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the antimutagenic effects of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19 culture supernatant were 87.11 $\%$ on S. enterica serovar Typhimurium TA100 and 75.04 S. enterica serovar Typhimurium TA98.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.386-391
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• 1998

Lactobacillus plantarum KLAB21 isolated from kimchi has been shown to produce antimutagenic subtance(s) into the culture medium using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and S. typhimurium TA98 (Rhee and Park, Korean J. Appl. Microbiol.. Biotechnol., 1999, in press). In this study, the effects of culture conditions were investigated to maximize the production of antimutagenic substance(s) against 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine(NPD) by the strain KLAB21. Glucose(255) as a carbon source and yeast extract or bactopeptone(1%) as a nitrogen source showed the highest production of the antimutagenic substance(s). Optimal initial pH of the culture medium, culture temperature and shaking speed for the antimutagenic substance(s) production were pH 7.0, 37$^{\circ}C$ and 150rpm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the antimutagenic activity of L. plantarum KLAB21 culture supernatant against NPD on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and S. typhimurium TA98 were 73.95% and 59.74%, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.432-438
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• 2001

Various lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Korean Dongchimi (whole radish Kimichi with added water) in order to study their antimutagenic activity. Ames test using Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium TA98 and TA100 showed the strain DLAB19 to have the highest antimutagenic activity among the 300 isolated strains against MNNG(N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine), NPD (4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine), 4-NQO(4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide) and AFB$_{1}$(aflatoxin B$_{1}$). The strain was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris according to the Bergeys Mannual Systematic Bscteriology based on its morphological, cultural, physiological characteristics and biological system Antimutagenic activity of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19 was found in the culture supernatant suggesting the bacterium secretes, the antimutagenic substance in the media. The antimutagenic activity of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19 was reconfirmed by the spore-rec assay using spores of Bacillus subtilis H17 (Rec$^{+}$) and M45 (Rec$^{[-10]}$ ).).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.417-423
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• 2000

Lactobacillus plantarum KLAB21 isolated from Kimchi has been reported to produce antimutagenic subtance(s) in the culture medium. In this study, antimutagenic effects of the strain KLAB21 were investigated to under various culture conditions maximize the production of antimutagenic substance(s) against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(NQO) on S. typhimurium TA98. Glucose(2%) as a carbon source and yeast extract(1%) as a nitrogen source resulted in the highest production of the antimutagenic substance(s) against both mutagens in the culture supernatant of L. plantarum KLAB21. The most effective concentrations of bactopeptone as a nitrogen source were 1% against MNNG and 1.5% against NQO. Optimal pH of the medium, culture temperature, and shaking speed for the antimutagenic substance(s) production were pH 7.0, $37^{\circ}C$ and 150 rpm, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the antimutagenic effects of L. plantarum KLAB21 culture supernatant were 98.4% against MNNG on S. typhimurium TA100 and 57.3% against NQO on S. typhimurium TA98.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2001

Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19 were investgated under various culture conditions to maximize the production of antimutagenic substance(s) against N-methyl-N\`-nitro-N-nitrosoguandine(MNNG) on Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium TA100 and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO) on S. enterica serovar typhimurium TA98. The MRS medium containing glucose (2%) as a carbon source and yeasty extract (1%) as a nitrogen source resulted in the highest production of the antimutagenic substance(s) against both mutagens in the culture supernatant of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19. Optimal pH of the culture medium, culture temperature and shaking speed for the antimutagenic substance(s) production were pH 7.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 150 rpm, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the antimutagenic effects of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris DLAB19 culture supernatant were 96.4% against MNNG on S.enterica serovar typhimurium TA100 and 53.8% against 4-NQO on S. enterica serovar typhimurium TA98.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2000

Agarooligosaccharides were produced by $\beta$-agarase from Bacillus cereus ASK 202. LD$_{50}$ of Agarooligosaccharides was determined to be 1359 mg/kg which corresponded to GRAS material. Agarooligosaccharides at 5% level exhibited 88.3% inhibition on TA98 and 54% on TA100, indicating agarooligosaccharides to be potent antimutagenic substance. Immunologic activity of agarooligosaccharides was also confirmed by mouse spleen cell culture. Agrooligosaccharides addition of 200 $\mu$l/ml stabilized spleen cells (2.5$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/ml) as compared to control (6.4$\times$10$^4$ cells/ml).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-50
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• 1995

We discovered that the Bacillus licheniformis SSA3, fermenting traditional Korean soy sauce and soybean paste, involved in the synthesis of a dark-brown pigment. This pigment produced in the minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine only as precursor. We showed that this pigment is novel, and differed from melanoidin and melanin, and an antimutagenic substance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.spc1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

The edible natural pigments extracted from plant organs become steadly popular to consumer because of those physiological functions desirable for food preservation and human health in recent years. There are a number of colored rice genotypes from light brown to blackish purple via reddish brown and purple. Some researchers reported their results on extraction recipes and identification of chemical structure of the pigments from the colored rice. The pigments extracted from colored rices can be largely divided into two types of anthocyanin and tannin pigments. Anthocyanin pigments are mainly contained in purple or blackish purple rice while tannin pigments are mainly contained in brown or reddish brown rice. Some brownish purple rices showed two peaks of tannin and anthocyanin pigments simultaneously. Purple rices showed better extraction of pigments in $0.1\%$ HCl-contained $80\%$ methanol or $0.5\%$ malic-acid-contained $80\%$ ethanol, while red rices revealed better extraction of pigments in $0.01\%$ citric-acid-contained $80\%$ ethanol. The anthocyanin pigments are generally unstable to heat, light and acidity of solution. The pigments extracted from colored rice can be preserved stably under the dark and cool(<$5^{\circ}C$) condition and at pH $2.0\~4.0$. The anthocyanin pigments of purple rice are mainly composed by cyanidin-3-glucoside (chrysanthemin). The other pigment fractions in purple rice were identified to peonidin-3-gluco-side, malvidin-3-galactoside(uliginosin) and cyanidin-3-ramnoglucoside(keracyanin). The pericarp coloration of purple rices is controlled by three complimentary genes C (anthocyanin), A(activator) and $Pl^{w}$(purple leaf) genes, while the red rices are expressed by complimentary interaction between Rc(basic substance of pigment) and Rd(distribution of pigment) genes or C and $Pl^{w}$ genes. Recently, the antioxidation and antimutagenic activity in main component of anthocyanin pigments extracted from colored rice were identified. The natural pigments from colored rice can be useful for beverages, cakes, ice scream, cosmetic and so on.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2013

Sophorae radix extract (SRE) has been registered as an environment-friendly organic material that is widely used in the cultivation of crops in Korea. Matrine, the active ingredient in SRE, was reported as a toxic substance in the nervous system in mice. However, no information is available on its toxic effects in other organisms. Therefore, antimutagenicity and two kinds of genotoxicity tests (bacterial reverse mutation and chromosome aberration test) of two samples of SRE were investigated in this study. Antimutagenicity test was experimented by using bacterial reverse mutation test. In the reverse mutation test, Salmonella Typhimurim TA98, TA1535 and TA1537 were used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SRE. Bacterial reverse mutation test was also performed on positive and negative control groups in the presence of the metabolic activation system (with S-9 mix) and metabolic non-activation system (without S-9 mix). In the chromosome aberration test, Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to SRE for 6 or 24 hours without S-9 mix, or for 6 hours with S-9 mix. Negative and positive control groups were experimented for chromosome aberration test. As a result, the number of mutated colonies induced by 4-NQO were reduced by SRE treatment in all strains, indicating that SRE may have antimutagenic effects. Reverse mutation was not shown at all concentrations of SRE, regardless of application of the metabolic activation system. In the chromosomal aberration test, one of the SRE sample gave a suspicious positive result at 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ in the presence of S-9 mix. For the more adequate evaluation of the genotoxic potential of SRE samples, other in vivo genotoxicity study is needed.