• Title/Summary/Keyword: antimicrobial compounds

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The Antifungal Activity of Coffee Ground Compost Extract against Plant Pathogens (커피박 퇴비 추출물의 식물병원균에 대한 항균력 검정)

  • Kim, Min-Jeong;Shim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Yong-Ki;Park, Jong-Ho;Han, Eun-Jung;Kim, Seok-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to characterize the coffee ground and its possibility to develop the antifungal activity. pH, EC, and Zn contents of the coffee ground from coffee shops were higher than those of commercial coffee ground, but there was no significant difference in $K_2O$, CaO, MgO, $Na_2O$, Mn contents. The antimicrobial activity of the water soluble extracts from the coffee shop and the commercial coffee ground were tested for six major plant pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea. The result showed that there was reliable antifungal activity against all of tested plant pathogenic fungi. The inhibition effects of coffee ground compost extract on the spore germination and zoospore formation were investigated. Water soluble extracts of the coffee ground compost mixture added with 10% sesame oil cake were significantly inhibited the growth of conidia germination of A. altanata and zoospore formation of P. capsici in vitro. For investigating the functional materials of coffee ground compost, it was measured the total polyphenolic compounds contents with 30 days interval during decomposing coffee ground for 90 days. The total polyphenolic content increased with decomposing periods, and it observed that the highest total polyphenolic content was $0.35{\pm}0.03mg\;GAE/g$ on the 90th day in the coffee ground compost added with 10% sesame oil cake.

Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ9, Isolated from Meju, Showing Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities (메주로부터 분리한 항진균 및 항세균 활성의 Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ9)

  • Jung, Ji-Hye;Chang, Hae-Choon
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.340-349
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    • 2009
  • A CJ9 bacterial strain, which showed antifungal and antibacterial activities, was isolated from meju and identified as Bacillus polyfermenticus based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, as well as its 16S rRNA sequence. B. polyfermenticus CJ9 showed the antimicrobial activity against the various pathogenic molds, yeasts, and bacteria. The antibacterial activity was stable in the pH 5.0~9.0, but the activity was lost at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. The antifungal activity was stable in the pH range of 3.0~9.0 and reduced at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, but antifungal activity was not completely destroyed. The antibacterial activity was completely inactivated by proteinase K, protease, trypsin, and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin. The antifungal activity was also completely inactivated by protease and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and reduced its activity by proteinase which indicated that the antifungal and antibacterial compounds have proteineous nature. The apparent molecular mass of the partially purified antifungal compound, as indicated by using the direct detection method in Tricine-SDS-PAGE, was approximately 1.4 kDa. The molecular mass of the antibacterial compound could not be determined because of its heat-liable characteristic.

Characterization of Bacteriocin-Like Substances Produced by Bacillus subtilis MJP1 (Bacillus subtilis MJP1이 생산하는 Bacteriocin-Like Substances)

  • Yang, Eun-Ju;Chang, Hae-Choon
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.339-346
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    • 2007
  • The MJP1 bacterial strain, which possesses antifungal activity, was isolated from meju and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on its morphological and biochemical properties, as well as its 16S rRNA sequence. Antimicrobial activity was found against various species of Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and molds, including food-spoilage microorganisms. The antifungal activity was found to be stable after heat and proteolytic enzyme treatment, and in the pH range of $6.0{\sim}10.0$. The antibacterial activity was stable in the pH range of $6.0{\sim}10.0$, but about 50% of the activity was lost after 24 hr at $30^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial compound was also inactivated by proteolytic enzyme treatment, indicating its proteinaceous nature. The apparent molecular masses of the partially purified antifungal and antibacterial compounds, as indicated by using the direct detection method in Tricine-SDS-PAGE, were approximately 2.4 kDa and 4.5 kDa, respectively. These studies suggest that B. subtilis MJP1 produces two bacteriocin-like substances with antifungal and antibacterial activities.

Antioxidant Effect of the Fraction Isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis Leaves (산돌배나무(Pyrus ussuriensis) 잎 분획물의 항산화 효과)

  • Lee, Chang-Eon;Kim, Young-Hun;Lee, Byung-Guen;Lee, Do-Hyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.99 no.6
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    • pp.885-890
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to confirm the application as ingredients of cosmetics through an examination of the function for anti-oxidant activity of the fraction isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis leaves. The dried leaf of Pyrus ussuriensis were extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (6:4, v/v), concentrated and fractionated with the upper layer of acetone on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of acetone soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents and also used the MIC-gel using a series of aqueous methanol as developing solvent. The isolated compounds were identified by silica-gel TLC. The concentration of total phenolic compound of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fraction was high, 914 mg/g. The results obtained from the analyses of the anti-oxidanat effects of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate fraction can be summarized as follows: In the result of DPPH scavenging radical activity, Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fraction showed more than 80% at 100 ppm. SOD-like activity of one of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fractions was 77% at 1000 ppm. Xanthine oxidase inhibition of Pyrus ussuriensis acetate soluble fraction was 38% at 100 ppm. From these results, we confirmed that acetate fraction of Pyrus ussuriensis has a great potential as a natural ingredients with a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source.

Pathogene Resistance of cotton GST cDNA in Transgenic Scrophularia buergeriana Misrule (목화 Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) 유전자로 형질 전환된 현삼의 내병성 특성)

  • 강원희;임정대;이성호;유창연
    • Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.297-304
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    • 2001
  • Scrophularia buergeriana Misrule has been contaminated with various pathogens in condition of field and storage period. This study was carried out for production of multiple stress resistance plant containing disease resistance that CGST gene expressed in transgenic Scrophularia buergeriana Misrule genome. Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs) detoxify endobiotic and xenobiotic compounds by covalent linking of tripeptide glutathione to hydrophobic substrate. GST enzymes have been identified and characterized in insects, bacteria, and many plant species. A cDNA clone of GST was introduced into Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel by transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciences. In coporation of the CGST gene into S. buergeriana Misrule was confirmed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA. Influence of exposure to darkness on the regeneration potential and transformation frequence were assessed. The activity of GST in transgenic plants was two times higher than that of non-transgenic plants. As a result of anti-microbe assays, the crude extract protein of transgenic plants showed the antimicrobial effects higher than control plants.

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The Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Purified Syringin from Cortex Fraxini (진피로부터 정제한 Syringin의 항산화 및 항균 활성)

  • Seol, Min-Kyeong;Bae, Eun-Yeong;Cho, Young-Je;Park, Soon-Ki;Kim, Byung-Oh
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.695-700
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of syringin isolated from Cortex Fraxini to investigate their potential for use as safe natural compounds. Purified syringin was dissolved in distilled water for each concentration and used in each experiment. Syringin showed higher 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml. In 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, activity was similar to that of BHT at all concentrations. In antioxidant protection factor measurement, activity of syringin slightly increased as the concentration increased, as did the inhibitory effect of thiobarbutric acid reactive substances. In evaluating anti-microbial activity, the clear zones of Listeria monocytogenes KCTC 13064, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1916, Escherichia coli KCTC 2571, and Helicobacter pylori HPKCTC B0150 at a concentration of 200 ㎍/ml were found to be 17.8 mm, 20.45 mm, 17.05 mm, and 16.8 mm, respectively, but no clear zone was observed in the case of Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The activity against water-soluble antioxidants was therefore superior to that against lipid-soluble antioxidants. Anti-microbial activity was examined by inhibiting growth against gram-positive and -negative strains, and anti-fungal activity was not observed. Based on the results of this study, syringin has possible applications as a natural anti-oxidant and anti-microbial material.

Influence of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Water Extract on the Shelf Life and Physicochemical Qualities of Cooked Beef Patties

  • Lee, Cheol Woo;Choi, Hyun Min;Kim, Su Yeon;Lee, Ju Ri;Kim, Hyun Joo;Jo, Cheorun;Jung, Samooel
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.389-397
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    • 2015
  • This study investigated the effects of Perilla frutescens var. acuta water extract (WEP) on the shelf life and physicochemical qualities of cooked beef patties. The WEP contained phenolic compounds (80.65 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and had half-maximal effective concentrations of 0.437 and 4.509 mg/mL for scavenging of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, respectively. Treatment with 0.6% WEP inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (p<0.05). Based on the result of the antioxidative potential and antimicrobial potential of WEP, beef patties were prepared with three treatment groups: (1) beef patties without added antioxidant (control); (2) beef patties with 0.02% ʟ-ascorbic acid (BAA); and (3) beef patties with 0.6% WEP (BWEP). The pH and cooking loss of BWEP were lower and higher than those in the control, respectively (p<0.05). When cooked beef patties were stored for 21 d at 4℃, the total number of aerobic bacteria in BWEP was lower than those in the control on all days except day 14 (p<0.05). The TBARS values in BWEP were lower than those of controls on days 7, 14, and 21 (p<0.05). Compared to control and BAA, BWEP had lower L* and b* values and higher a* values throughout the storage period (p<0.05). Except on day 0, acceptability was higher in BWEP than in control and BAA (p<0.05). According to results, WEP can be used as a natural ingredient that improves the shelf life and sensorial qualities of meat products.

Addition of Capsicum oleoresin, Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde and their mixtures to the broiler diet II: Effects on meat quality

  • Ipcak, Hasan Huseyin;Alcicek, Ahmet
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.60 no.4
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    • pp.9.1-9.11
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    • 2018
  • Background: In recent years, with the prohibition of antibiotics used as growth stimulants in the nutrition of farm animals, researchers have searched for alternative natural and reliable products in order to be able to sustain the developments experienced during the use of antibiotics and to overcome the possible inconveniences. In this context, studies on evaluation of essential oils in poultry nutrition have been reported to improve the utilization of feed, stimulate the release of digestive enzymes, increase absorption in the stomach and intestines, antimicrobial and anti-parasitic effects and thus, can be an alternative to antibiotics and improve meat quality as well. Indeed, this study has been carried out to explore the effects of the addition of 150 mg/kg capsicum oleoresin (CAP), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN) or their mixture (CAP+CAR+CIN) into the broilers' ration over sensory, physical and chemical properties in breast meat and leg meat. Methods: Experiments were conducted over 400 male and female broiler chicks (Ross-308) in 5 groups (1 control group and 4 treatment groups), each composed of 80 chicks. The control group was fed without feed additives while the second, third, fourth and the fifth groups were fed with 150 mg CAP/kg feed, 150 mg CAR/kg feed, 150 mg CIN/kg feed, and 150 mg CAP+CAR+CIN/kg feed, respectively. Results: Addition of CAP, CAR, CIN or CAP+CAR+CIN had effects on the sensory (of taste, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability); physical properties (of $L^*$ value and toughness), the chemical properties (of DM, CF, CP, linoleic, EPA, behenic, MUFA, PUFA and ${\Sigma}n-6$ of the leg meat), the physical characteristics (of toughness and firmness), and the chemical properties (of CF, CP, linoleic, ecosenic, EPA, lignoseric, MUFA and ${\Sigma}n-3$) of the breast meat in comparison to control group. Furthermore, while the treatments had positive impacts on thawing loss, cooking loss and water holding capacity in both breast and leg meat; no effect was observed on pH value and lipid oxidation on day 1, day 4 and day 8. Conclusion: The results strongly suggested that the addition of CAP, CAR, CIN or CAP+CAR+CIN to the rations of the broiler chicks changed the sensory, physical and chemical properties of breast and leg meat. It was also observed that these compounds were more effective when they were added to the ratio as a mixture rather than adding them individually.

Collection of Soil Actinomycetes from Cheju Island and Screening for their Antibacterial Activities (제주도 토양방선균의 수집과 항균물질 생산균의 선별)

  • Chung, Wan-Seok;Kim, Chang-Jin;Ko, Young-Hwan
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 1999
  • Soil actinomycetes of 703 strains were isolated from 25 sampling points in Cheju Island using 4 different media. Arginine glycerol salts agar containing soil extract was found to be the best medium for the isolation of soil actinomycetes. Soil samples from pasture land showed higher population and diversity of the actinomycetes than those from citrus field, forest, island, hill or valley. When the antibacterial activity of the 526 isolates was tested against three bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas solanacearum the frequency of the isolates with antibacterial activity varied much depending upon the media used for isolation and cultivation. BL106Ba, one of the 10 isolates that showed antibacterial activity against all the above 3 test strains, was chosen based upon the pH and heat stability of its antibacterial metabolites, and was identified as Streptomyces sp. based upon its cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics. The partially purified white crystalline substance obtained from the culture supematant of BL1063a through cation exchange chromatography(AG MP-50) and three times consecutive gel filtration(Sephadex G-10) showed high antimicrobial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria, but low activity against yeasts. The partially purified substance was found to contain at least four different compounds with antibacterial activity by both thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography.

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Screening of Biologically Active Compounds from Weeds I (잡초(雜草)에 함유(含有)된 생리활성물질(生理活性物質) 탐색(探索) I)

  • Kim, C.J.;Kang, B.H.;Lee, I.K.;Ryoo, I.J.;Park, D.J.;Lee, K.H.;Lee, H.S.;Yoo, I.D.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 1994
  • Ninty three species of domestic weeds were collected and screened for antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant and herbicidal activities. Among them, few showed antifungal activities. Cuscuta japonica showed inhibitory activity against Alternaria mali, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Geranium sibiricum against Phytophthora capsici, Aster yomema and Aster pilosus against Phytophthora parasitica. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Artemisia princeps, Artemisia capillaris, Ludwigia prostrata, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Bidens frondosa, and Geranium sibiricum showed broad antibacterial activities. Carex chordorhiza, Artemisia capillaris, Persicaria nodosa, Senecio koreanus, Pariicum bisulcatum, Geranium sibiricum showed antiblebbing activity on human chronic leukemia K562 cell, among them, Persicaria nodosa was the strongist. Angelica decursiva, Equisetum arvense, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Persicaria nodosa, Geranium sibiricum, Oenothera odorata, Cyperus sanguinolentus showed antioxidant activities. Ludwigia prostrata and Peucedanum terebinthaceum showed strong herbicidal activities.

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