• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.759-764
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• 2015

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the critical components in host innate immune responses to imbalanced and invading microbial pathogens. Although the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action have been thoroughly investigated for decades, the exact biological properties of AMPs are still elusive. Most AMPs generally exert the antimicrobial effect by targeting the microbial membrane, such as barrel stave, toroidal, and carpet mechanisms. Thus, the mode of action in model membranes and the discrimination of AMPs to discrepant lipid compositions between mammalian cells and microbial pathogens (cell selectivity) have been studied intensively. However, the latest reports suggest that not only AMPs recently isolated but also well-known membrane-disruptive AMPs play a role in intracellular killing, such as apoptosis induction. In this mini-review, we will review some representative AMPs and their antimicrobial mechanisms and provide new insights into the dual mechanism of AMPs.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.257-278
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• 1995

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Bojeosodokeum on the Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Anti-convulsive effects in mice and rats. The results obtained as follows : 1. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on analgesic effect. 2. the solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on Anti-inflammatory effect. 3. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on antipyretic effect. 4. Antimicrobial effects of solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum against Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was observed. 5. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on anticonvulsive effect. According to the above results, it is confirmed that analgestic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial and anticonvulsive effect were recognized in solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1995

The effect of the ethanol extract from salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on the microbial growht and the stability of the extracted antimicrobial material were investigated. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity (MIC, 3.13~50.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) against Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Among Gram-positive bacteria tested, B. subtilis was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. While the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was weak (MIC, 400~800 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to E. coli and yeasts (C. albicans, Sacch. diastaticus). The ethanol extract had bactericidal action at higher concentration than MIC against B. subtilis, while the extract had only bacteriostatic action against S. aureus. The extracted antimicrobial substance was stable in the pH range of 4.0 to 10.0, heat treatment at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and freezing and thawing

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

Seeds and leaves of Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) are known to contain "raphanin," which has the potential to inhibit pathogenesis associated with foodborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In this study, ethanol extracts from R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) powder was evaluated for antimicrobial action against 6 different foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The current study demonstrated the potential of R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella enteritidis 110, Cronobacter sakazakii KCTC 2949, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. However, these antimicrobial action were not observed against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 51776 and Escherichia coli 23716. Hence, this study indicates that R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) could be used as a natural biopreservative with antimicrobial effects for improving food safety, and as a functional food in the commercial food industry.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.41 no.2 s.405
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• pp.116-123
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• 2003

Antimicrobial Peptides are natural antibiotics evolved by many plants, invertebrate, and vertebrate to defend against the microbial infection. Antimicrobial peptides show a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with little opportunity for the development of resistance since they target microbial membranes that distinguish microbes from enkaryotic cells. The oral cavity is constantly exposed to microbial challenges and antimicrobial peptides play an important role in managing the oral health. With the increase of resistant micro-organisms to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are attracting interests as novel antibiotics. In this review, the characteristics of antimicrobial of antimicrobial peptides including the classification, mechanism of action, resistance, and expression in the oral cavity have been discussed in the prospects of application to oral disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

In a previous study, we analyzed the transcriptome of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans using next-generation sequencing technology and identified several antimicrobial peptide candidates. One of the peptides, scolopendrasin V, was selected based on the physicochemical properties of antimicrobial peptides using a bioinformatics strategy. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial activities of scolopendrasin V using the radial diffusion assay and colony count assay. We also investigated the mode of action of scolopendrasin V using flow cytometry. We found that scolopendrasin V's mechanism of action involved binding to the surface of microorganisms via a specific interaction with lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycans, which are components of the bacterial membrane. These results provide a basis for developing peptide antibiotics.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2001

The functions of food packaging are not only prevention from physical damage and loss during carrying and transportation, but also extension of shelf-life by adding antimicrobial substrate in packaging materials. Consumption of active packaging is gradually increasing. With different dosage of potassium sorbate(P.S.), the food preservative agent, antimicrobial papers were made by internal and external application of starch. The antimicrobial action of the paper was analyzed by the halo test and the shake flask method. The mechanical properties and strength were also measured. Antimicrobial papers adding P.S. showed higher values in tensile index than adding starch. The antimicrobial paper using starch showed similar microbe decreasing rate as that using P.S. Though microbe decreasing rate was 21.9%, it showed possibility to make antimicrobial paper using food preservative.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.362-368
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• 2010

Dermcidin is a human antibiotic peptide that is secreted by the sweat glands and has no homology to other known antimicrobial peptides. As an initial step toward understanding dermcidin's mode of action at bacterial membranes, we used homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR to determine the conformation of the peptide in 50% trifluoroethanol solution. We found that dermcidin adopts a flexible amphipathic $\alpha$-helical structure with a helix-hinge-helix motif, which is a common molecular fold among antimicrobial peptides. Spin-down assays of dermcidin and several related peptides revealed that the affinity with which dermcidin binds to bacterial-mimetic membranes is primarily dependent on its amphipathic $\alpha$-helical structure and its length (>30 residues); its negative net charge and acidic pI have little effect on binding. These findings suggest that the mode of action of dermcidin is similar to that of other membrane-targeting antimicrobial peptides, though the details of its antimicrobial action remain to be determined.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.288-298
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• 2023

Host defense peptides are expressed in various immune cells, including phagocytic cells and epithelial cells. These peptides selectively alter innate immune pathways in response to infections by pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and modify the subsequent adaptive immune environment. Consequently, they play a wide range of roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. These peptides are of increasing importance due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and their functions as mediators linking innate and adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on the pleiotropic biological functions and related mechanisms of action of human host defense peptides and discusses their potential clinical applications.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1982

Silver sulfadiazine has been introduced to replace silver nitrate in the topical treatment of extensive burns and this drug exerts a prominent antibacterial action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compound is painless upon application and insufficient sulfadiazine is absorbed to cause crystalluria. The primary purpose of the study was to clarify the antimicrobial action of zinc sulfadiazine ointment in comparison with silver sulfadiazine ointment as well as the pharmaceutical properties of the zinc sulfadiazine preparations. The results are summerized as followings: 1) The optimum ratio of two substrate compounds for the synthesis of zinc sulfadiazine are 2 moles of sulfadiazine and 1 mole of zinc sulfate at pH 6.0. 2) The stability of zinc sulfadiazine ointment preparation by using polyethylene glycol base, Beeler's base or polyoxyl 40 stearate base was more stable than that of silver sulfadiazine preparations. 3) The antimicrobial action of zinc sulfadiazine exhibits a stronger antimicrobial activity than that of sulfadiazine against Staphylococcus aureus but the opposite is true against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.