• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.184-194
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• 2023

Recently, interest in food-derived bioactive peptides as promising ingredients for the prevention and improvement of hypertension is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and antihypertensive effect of an antioxidant peptide purified from velvet antler in a previous study and evaluate its potential as a various bioactive peptide. Molecular weight (MW) and amino acid sequences of the purified peptide were determined by quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of the purified peptide was assessed by enzyme reaction methods and in silico molecular docking analysis to determine the interaction between the purified peptide and ACE. Also, antihypertensive effect of the purified peptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was investigated. The purified antioxidant peptide was identified to be a pentapeptide Asp-Asn-Arg-Tyr-Tyr with a MW of 730.31 Da. This pentapeptide showed potent inhibition activity against ACE (IC₅₀ value, 3.72 μM). Molecular docking studies revealed a good and stable binding affinity between purified peptide and ACE and indicated that the purified peptide could interact with HOH2570, ARG522, ARG124, GLU143, HIS387, TRP357, and GLU403 residues of ACE. Furthermore, oral administration of the pentapeptide significantly reduced blood pressure in SHRs. The pentapeptide derived from enzymatic hydrolysate of velvet antler is an excellent ACE inhibitor. It might be effectively applied as an animal-based functional food ingredient.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.138-141
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• 2012

We measured physiological functionalities, including antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and immun-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan content for sixty kinds of Makgeolli that is commercially available from the market. As a result, we selected R-12 commercial raw Makgeolli, with a high content of immuno-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan, and R-14 commercial raw Makgeolli, exhibiting high antihypertensive activity. Due to the similarities in their overall physicochemical properties and raw materials used for fermentation, we compared the microbial flora in order to investigate the reason for the differences in their functionalities. Nested PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for yeasts and bacteria were performed for analysis of microbial diversity of two different kinds of Makgeolli (i.e., R-12, R-14), which showed immuno-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan content and exhibited a very high level of antihypertensive activity, respectively. Analysis of the 18S rDNA amplicon revealed a major presence of the yeast strain Pichia burtonii in every Makgeolli sample. Analysis of the 16S rDNA amplicon revealed a predominance of lactic acid bacteria, and the most frequent lactic acid bacteria were Lactobacillus ingluviei, L. fermentum, and L. harbinensis, and Lactobacillus sp. Among these, L. harbinensis was detected only in R-12 and L. ingluviei was found only in R-14. Different functionalities from the individual commercially available Makgeolli may be attributed to actions of different microbial flora during fermentation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2011

We collected wild mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus from Deogyu Mt. of Muju, Jeollabuk-do and physiological functionalities of its water extract were investigated. The water extracts from S. aspratus showed the highest antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 74.3% and also showed high anti-gout xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity (59.6%). However, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was very low (17.3%), and antioxidant activity and SOD-likely activity were not detected. The ACE inhibitory activity of S. aspratus fruiting body was the highest when powder of the fruiting body was shaked at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h by distilled water. Furthermore, the XOD inhibitory activity was also the highest by extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 h with water.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 1981

Six medicinal plants described in Dong-Ee-Bo-Gam as to be useful for hypertension treatment were evaluated their antihypertensive activity against Okamoto-SHR, an animal model of spontaneous hypertension. Ethanol extracts of plant samples were prepared and were p.o. administered once daily for 20 days. Average blood pressures of rats were measured during two weeks periods before drug administration. Then blood pressure of each rat was measured every three days during drug administration period. As a positive control, propranolol, ${\beta}-blocker$ was used and the blood pressures of test group rats were compared with those of negative and positive control group rats. Among 6 plant extracts, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum and Atractylodes japonica (alba) extracts appeared to exhibit antihypertensive activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.561-569
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• 2010

The study aim was to investigate the antihypertensive effect after oral supplementation of dried radish leaves powder (DRLP). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar) by the tail cuff method after a 4-week diet with DRLP at the level of 2.5% or 5%. The supplementation of DRLP decreased SBP of SHR although the 5% supplementation level did not show any more pronounced effect than the 2.5% level did. The decrease in the SBP observed for both 2.5% and 5% DRLP was accompanied by significant increases of the urinary Na and K excretion. The DRLP supplementation showed a potent ACE-inhibitory activity in pulmonary tissue from both hypertensive and normotensive rats. However, the DRLP supplementation did not affect the SBP in normotensive rats. These results indicated that DRLP exerted an antihypertensive effect in SHR due to the decreased ACE activity and increased urinary Na excretion.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.738-747
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• 2015

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was evaluated for the low-molecular-weight fraction (<3 kDa) obtained from milk fermentation by Bifidobacterium longum KACC91563. The ACE inhibitory activity in this fraction was 62.3%. The peptides generated from the <3 kDa fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quantitative time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Of the 28 peptides identified, 11 and 16 were identified as β-casein (CN) and α_s1-CN, respectively. One peptide was identified as κ-CN. Three peptides, YQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, QEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, and GPVRGPFPIIV, from β-CN corresponded to known antihypertensive peptides. We also found 15 peptides that were identified as potential antihypertensive peptides because they included a known antihypertensive peptide fragment. These peptides were as follows: RELEELNVPGEIVE (f1-14), YQEPVLGPVRGPFP (f193-206), EPVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f195-206), PVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f196-206), VLGPVRGPFPIIV (f197-206), and LGPVRGPFPIIV (f198-206) for β-CN; and APSFSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f176-199), SFSDIPNPIGSENSEKT- TMPLW (f178-199), FSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f179-199), SDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f180-199), DIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f181-199), IPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f182-199), PIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f185-199), IGSENSEKTTMPLW (f186-199), and SENSEKTTMPLW (f188-199) for α_s1-CN. From these results, B. longum could be used as a starter culture in combination with other lactic acid bacteria in the dairy industry, and/or these peptides could be used in functional food manufacturing as additives for the development of a product with beneficial effects for human health.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

The vascular relaxant effects on isolated rat aorta of amlodipine camsylates (S-, R-enantiomer, and R/S-racemate), were evaluated and compared with that of S-amlodipine besylate. Furthermore, antihypertensive effects were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The S-amlodipine camsylate concentration-dependently inhibited $Ca^{2+}$-induced contraction of rat aorta with a very slow onset of action (reached its maximum at 3.5h; $ED_{50}:\;1.50\;{\pm}\;0.24$ nM), having a potency 2-fold higher than those of R/S-amlodipine camsylate $(ED_{50}:\;3.36\;{\pm}\;0.91\;nM)$ and similar to those of S-amlodipine besylate $(ED_{50}:\;1.44\;{\pm}\;0.14\;nM)$, whereas the R-amlodipine camsylate has 590-fold lower vasorelaxant activity $(ED_{50}:\;886.4\;{\pm}\;49.7\;nM)$. In SHR, orally administered S-amlodipine camsylate produced a dose-dependent and long-lasting (>>10 h) antihypertensive effect $(ED_{20}:\;0.89\;mg/kg)$, with a potency 2-fold higher than those of R/S-amlodipine camsylate $(ED_{20}:\;1.82\;mg/kg)$ and similar to those of S-amlodipine besylate $(ED_{20}:\;0.71\;mg/kg)$. In contrast, the R-amlodipine camsylate has no effect even-though administrated high concentration 10 mg/kg. These results suggest that S-amlodipine camsylate has the potency and long-lasting antihypertensive activity as single enantiomer drug, and its antihypertensive effect is not significantly different to that of S-amlodipine besylate.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was optimized mixing ratio of mulberry leaf, mulberry fruit, and silkworm for amelioration of the metabolic syndrome by using response surface method (RSM). Methods: Antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihypertensive activities of fifteen mixed powder of mulberry leaf, mulberry fruit, and silkworm by RSM were measured as indicators of metabolic syndrome. Results: The optimal mixing ratio of mulberry leaves, mulberry fruits, and silkworm with the greatest antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihypertensive activities was as follows: 2.5890 of mulberry leaf (A), 0.1222 of mulberry fruit (B), 2.9999 of silkworm (C). At this time, it was predicted that the total polyphenol content was estimated to be 185.51 tannic acid equivalent mg/g, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy drazyl radical scavenging activity 84.77%, 1-deoxynojirimycin content 415.66 mg/100 g, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity 64.31%, ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid content 267.77 mg/100 g, potassium content 1,899.11 mg/100 g, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitory activity was estimated to be 73.78%. Conclusions: It was concluded that the significant effect of the mulberry leaf, mulberry fruit, and silkworm on the metabolic syndrome-related biological activity indices (antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity and antihypertensive activity) was as follows: 2.5890 of mulberry leaf (A), 0.1222 of mulberry fruit (B), 2.9999 of silkworm (C).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.668-674
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the ACE inhibitory materials of Raja kenojei. Raja kenojei was sperated to fillet and viscera, and these were extracted with hot water. Antihypertensive activity was examined by mesearing angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitory activity. ACE inhibitory activity of viscera at the concentration of 2% for Day 0 showed the highest value by 71.0%. But ACE inhibitory activity of fillet at 2% showed by 29%, which was lower antihypertensive activity than viscera. The protein content of viscerial hot water extracts in proximate composition showed the highest. And also, there was a large amount of aromatic and branched aliphatic amino acids in viscera than those in fillet. For the purification of antihypertensive material in visceral hot water extracts, it was separated and collected by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography. The fraction (B) of 111 to 160 showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity by 65.1% at the concentration of 0.05%. But the other fractions (A and C) showed lower activity than B. These results demonstrate that crude hot water extracts of viscera from Raj kenojei may be useful as functional food ingredient with antihypertensive property.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.88-89
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• 2020