• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.720-730
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of corn silage as a source of microbial inoculant containing antifungal and carboxylesterase-producing bacteria on fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutrient digestibility of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) with different energy levels. Methods: Corn silage was used as a bacterial source by ensiling for 72 d with an inoculant mixture of Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and L. buchneri 6M1 at a 1:1 ratio. The corn silage without or with inoculant (CON vs MIX) was mixed with the other ingredients to formulate for low and high energy diets (LOW vs HIGH) for Hanwoo steers. All diets were ensiled into 20 L mini silo (5 kg) for 40 d in quadruplicate. Results: The MIX diets had lower (p<0.05) acid detergent fiber with higher (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber compared to the CON diets. In terms of fermentation characteristics, the MIX diets had higher (p<0.05) acetate than the CON diets. The MIX diets had extended (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria growth at 4 to 7 d of aerobic exposure and showed lower (p<0.05) yeast growth at 7 d of aerobic exposure than the CON diets. In terms of rumen fermentation, the MIX diets had higher (p<0.05) total fermentable fraction and total volatile fatty acid, with lower (p<0.05) pH than those of CON diets. The interaction (p = 0.036) between inoculant and diet level was only found in the immediately fermentable fraction, which inoculant was only effective on LOW diets. Conclusion: Application of corn silage with inoculant on FTMR presented an antifungal effect by inhibiting yeast at aerobic exposure and a carboxylesterase effect by improving nutrient digestibility. It also indicated that fermented feedstuffs could be used as microbial source for FTMR. Generally, the interaction between inoculant and diet level had less effect on this FTMR study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

Furaneol, a key aroma compound found in strawberry, pineapple, and processed foodstuffs, has been known to possess various biological activities on animal models. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of furaneol against human pathogenic microorganisms were investigated. The results indicated that furaneol displayed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi without hemolytic activity on human erythrocyte cells. To confirm the antifungal activity of furaneol, we examined the accumulation of intracellular trehalose as a stress response marker on toxic agents and its effect on dimorphic transition of Candida albicans. The results demonstrated that furaneol induced significant accumulation of intracellular trehalose and exerted its antifungal effect by disrupting serum-induced mycelial forms. These results suggest that furaneol could be a therapeutic agent having a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on human pathogenic microorganisms.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2012

A new series of ethyl 2-(4-substitutedbenzylidene)-5-(3'-(ethoxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-3,5-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives ($\mathbf{8a-j}$) were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by $\mathbf{IR}$, $^1\mathbf{H}$ $\mathbf{NMR}$, $^{13}\mathbf{C}$ $\mathbf{NMR}$, $\mathbf{LCMS}$ $\mathbf{mass}$ and $\mathbf{C}$, $\mathbf{H}$, $\mathbf{N}$ analyses. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their In vitro antioxidant activity (Scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, Scavenging of nitric oxide radical, and Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity), antibacterial (Escheria coli, Pseudonmonas aeruginosa (gram-negative bacteria), Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria)) and antifungal (Candida albicans Aspergillus niger) studies.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2005

The global RNA transcription profiles of Bacillus lentimorbus WJ5 under an in vitro co-culture with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were analyzed in order to study the antagonistic bacteria-fungi interactions. Using a filter membrane system, B. lentimorhus WJ5 was exposed to the spores of C. gloeosporioides at the late exponential stage. The transcription profiles of the B. lentimorhus WJ5, both with and without a challenge from C. gloeosporioides, were analyzed using custom DNA chips containing 2,000 genome fragments. A total of 337 genes were expressed, with 87 and 47 up- and down-regulated, respectively. Of these, 12 genes, which were involved in central carbon metabolisms, and 7 from minor catabolism were relatively highly up-regulated (> 10 fold) and down-regulated (< 0.2 fold), respectively. Nine genes, which were thought to be related to the antifungal activity, were also up-regulated, but their levels were not so high (2.0 - 9.7 folds). From the results, during the early stage of the co-culture of B. lentimorbus WJ5 and C. gloeosporioides, nutrient competition seemed to occur; therefore, the genes from central carbon metabolisms could be up-regulated, while those from minor catabolism could be down-regulated.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.649-660
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• 2018

Colletotrichum acutatum에 의해 발생하는 고추탄저병을 방제하기 위해 토양 근권으로부터 분리한 미생물 중 길항효과가 있는 미생물을 선발하여 주요 작물병원균에 대한 항균활성 효과와 포장에서의 방제효과를 검정하였다. 기내 대치배양법을 이용한 길항력을 검정하였을 때, CAB13001 균주는 고추 탄저병을 일으키는 Colletotrichum acutatum을 포함한 식물 병원균 Sclerotinia cepivorum, Sclerotinia sclerotium, Botrytis cinerea에 대한 뛰어난 항균활성 효과를 보였다. 또한 풋고추를 이용한 생체 검정에서 선발균주는 고추 탄저병의 병반진전 억제효과가 우수하였으며, 포장에서의 방제가 역시 무처리 대비 82.4%로 매우 우수하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 CAB13001 균주는 공기 전염을 하는 고추 탄저병의 생물적 방제제로 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 본 연구에 사용된 길항미생물 CAB13001 균주는 16s rRNA gene의 계통학적 위치를 분석한 결과 Burkholderia lata로 동정하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2016

본 연구에서 기존의 생리활성이 알려진 차가 버섯(Inonatus obliquus), 모링가(Moringa oleifera), 그라비올라(Anona muricata), 단풍마(Dioscorea quinquelaba), 가시오가피(Acanhopanax senticosus), 음양곽(Epimedii herba), 인진쑥(Artemisia capillaris), 그리고 오디(Morus alba) 추출물과 원두커피를 혼합하여 기능성 음료를 제조하였으며, 각각의 음료를 C1에서 C7으로 명명하였다. 각 음료의 항균, 항곰팡이, 항산화 활성 및 총 폴리페놀 함량을 조사하였다. 항균 및 항곰팡이에 대한 활성은 Gram positive bacteria인 Staphylococcus aureus에 대하여 C4, C5, C6 및 C7이 활성을 나타내었고, 특히 C7인 경우 항생제 내성균주인 MRSA에 대하여 강한 활성을 나타내었다. Gram negative bacteria에 대한 결과는 E. coli D31에 대하여 1.0 mg/ml의 농도에서 C1에서 C7 모든 음료가 활성을 나타내었고, 반면에 곰팡이인 Candida albicans에 대하여는 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 C6의 경우가 7.37 mg/g으로 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었고, C5의 경우는 3.78 mg/g으로 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH로 항산화 능력을 측정한 결과, C1에서 C7 모두 강한 활성을 나타내었고, 특히 C7인 경우 0.5 mg/ml의 농도에서 88%라는 높은 free radical 소거능력을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 각 기능성 음료의 생리활성의 기초자료를 제공하고 다양한 기능성 건강음료뿐 만 아니라 고부가가치 기능성 제품을 창출 할 수 있는 근거를 마련한 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.949-956
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of new inoculants producing-antifungal or esterase substances on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices by comparing wild with mutated types. Methods: Rye harvested at dough stage was ensiled into 3 L mini bucket silo (1 kg) for 90 d in triplicate following: distilled water at 20 μL/g (CON); Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 (AT) and its inactivation of antifungal genes (AT-m) at 1.2×10⁵ cfu/g, respectively; and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 (FD) and its inactivation of esterase genes (FD-est) at 1.0×10⁵ cfu/g, respectively. After silo opened, silage was sub-sampled for the analysis of ensiling quality and its rumen fermentation indices. Results: Among the wild type inoculants (CON vs AT vs FD), FD inoculant had higher (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in rumen, while AT inoculant had higher (p<0.05) lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria in silage. Silage pH and the potentially degradable fraction in rumen increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of antifungal activity (AT vs AT-m), but lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria of silage decreased (p<0.05). In silage, acetate increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of esterase activity (FD vs FD-est) with decreases (p<0.05) of pH, ammonia-N, lactate, and yeast. Moreover, inactivation of esterase activity clearly decreased (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen. Conclusion: This study concluded that FD inoculant confirmed esterase activity on rye silage harvested at dough stage, while AT inoculant could not be confirmed with antifungal activity due to the absence of mold in all silages.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.668-680
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• 2020

Bacillus velezensis is an important plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with immense potential in agriculture development. In the present study, Bacillus velezensis Lle-9 was isolated from the bulbs of Lilium leucanthum. The isolated strain showed antifungal activities against plant pathogens like Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium fujikuroi. The highest percentage of growth inhibition i.e., 68.56±2.35% was observed against Fusarium oxysporum followed by 63.12 ± 2.83%, 61.67 ± 3.39% and 55.82 ± 2.76% against Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Fusarium fujikuroi, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction revealed a number of bioactive compounds and several were identified as antimicrobial agents such as diketopiperazines, cyclo-peptides, linear peptides, latrunculin A, 5α-hydroxy-6-ketocholesterol, (R)-S-lactoylglutathione, triamterene, rubiadin, moxifloxacin, 9-hydroxy-5Z,7E,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, D-erythro-C18-Sphingosine, citrinin, and 2-arachidonoyllysophosphatidylcholine. The presence of these antimicrobial compounds in the bacterial culture might have contributed to the antifungal activities of the isolated B. velezensis Lle-9. The strain showed plant growth-promoting traits such as production of organic acids, ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization. IAA production was accelerated with application of exogenous tryptophan concentrations in the medium. Further, the lily plants upon inoculation with Lle-9 exhibited improved vegetative growth, more flowering shoots and longer roots than control plants under greenhouse condition. The isolated B. velezensis strain Lle-9 possessed broad-spectrum antifungal activities and multiple plant growth-promoting traits and thus may play an important role in promoting sustainable agriculture. This strain could be developed and applied in field experiments in order to promote plant growth and control disease pathogens.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.346-352
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• 1995

For isolation of antibiotic-producing bacteria antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum, a total of 327 microorganisms were screened from sesame-growing soils collected at various locations in Korea by the modified Herr's triple-agar-Iayer technique. Among the 36 bacterial isolates further screened by the dual culture test on tryptic soy agar, 10 were tested to show their antagonistic activity against 14 plant pathogenic fungi. Bacterial culture filtrates were shown either to inhibit some phytopathogenic fungal growth or to suppress F. oxysporum infection of sesame plants maintained in the green house. An isolate, B23, with the most prominent antagonistic activity was identified as Bacillus subtilis.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

Cysteine-silver complexes were prepared and investigated the antimicrobial activity on rubber mat manufactured with waste rubber. We are exposed to harmful bacteria and fungi all the time. We manufactured antimicrobial mat to be imposed to mats that it can prevent generation of bacteria and microorganisms, and restrict their reproduction. Infection of medical devices causes significant morbidity and mortality. For aim of this study, we measured the antimicrobial mat manufactured with cysteine-Ag complex by CCD, FT-IR and NMR. The effect of mole ratio of cysteine-Ag complex on antimicrobial activity to bacteria and fungi is investigated. Reduction rate is evaluated using the Quinn method. Antimicrobial activity of complex on mole ratio 1:4 was effectively inhibited. The complexes had a better antibacterial activity than antifungal activity on rubber mat.