• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1557-1566
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• 2023

Agastachis herba is so similar in use to herbs that it is called Korea Mint in the West. Western herbs are commonly used as ingredients in cosmetics. However, in Korea, Agastachis herba is primarily used as a medicinal herb. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of one cosmetic ingredient with another cosmetic ingredient. Antioxidant, whitening, polyphenol, flavonoid, and antibacterial experiments were conducted on lactobacillus, yeast ferments, essential oils, and floral water using extracts from Agastachis herba. Antioxidants exhibited significant effects in all samples, while essential oils displayed the highest efficacy in terms of whitening, polyphenol content, and antibacterial properties. Flavonoids exhibited the strongest effect in the 70% ethanol extract. The essential oil had the most significant functional impact. However, it was confirmed that the fermented products that underwent yeast fermentation with extracts were as effective as essential oils.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2012

In the present study, the antioxidative and antibacterial activities of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (A. princeps Pamp.) extract were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of A. princeps Pamp. showed the most prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}=12.27{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of A. princeps Pamp. extract on $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ systems were investigated using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of the extract ($OSC_{50}=0.33{\mu}g/mL$) had a 5 times greater ROS scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid ($1.50{\mu}g/mL$), known as a water soluble antioxidant. The cellular protective effects of fractions of A. princeps Pamp. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were examined. The aglycone fraction of extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of A. princeps Pamp. extract on tyrosinase were investigated to assess their whitening efficiency. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated a 7 times higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}=29.20{\mu}g/mL$) than albutin, known as a whitening agent. The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fractions against various normal skin flora were measured. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the fraction was the highest on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Propionibacterium acnes. Antioxidant substances were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fractions. Eupatilin and jaceosidin were identified. These results indicate that the extract/fractions of A. princeps Pamp. can function as antioxidant and/or antibacterial agents for the skin.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to compare anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-bacterial effects of Ligustici Rhizoma (LR) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and distilled water. Methods : It is prepared two kinds of LR extracts 20, 50, 100 ${\mu}l/mg$ by first. MTT assay way to measure cytotoxicity is formed in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effect is measured by ability to inhibit production of NO in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effect was measured by DPPH Radical scavenging ability in HaCaT cell. The anti-bacterial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Propionibacterium acnes. Results : 1. LR (20 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol was showed 80% cytotoxicity, LR (50 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol and LR (20, 50 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with water were showed 70% cytotoxicity, LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol and LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with water were showed 60% cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol was showed more significantly inhibitory effect on NO production than the water extraction. 3. Two kinds of LR extraction groups did not show significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. 4. Two kinds of LR extractions did not have a inhibitory effect on Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusion : Two kinds of LR extracts have not cytotoxicity, statistically significant ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and effect to inhibit Propionibactrium acnes. LR extracted with ethanol only have a little effect to inhibit NO production. This study proposes that LR extracted with ethanol is more effective in anti-inflammation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2000

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents and has been used for traditional medicines as early as 300 B .C. Recently, it has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. To investigate activities of chrysin, one of propolis effective compounds for blood coagulation system was injected endotoxin (4000 EU/kg, i.v.) in rats at 1 hr after administered chrysin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). This study was resulted that chrysin has antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro, delay of blood clotting time and prothrombin time, and reduction of fibrinogen and FDP in vivo. Chrysin has increased SOD activity, GSH content and GST activity, and decreased MDA content in liver. The result suggests that the antithrombosis effect of chrysin is suppressive activity for a blood coagulation system and antioxidative activity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to compare anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-bacterial effects of Cuscutae Semen(CS) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and distilled water. Methods : Two kinds of CS extractions were prepared 20, 50, 100 ${\mu}l/mg$. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effect was measured by inhibitory efficacy of NO Production in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effect was measured by DPPH Radical scavenging ability in HaCaT cell. The anti-bacterial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Propionibacterium acnes. Results : 1. Two kinds(100 ${\mu}l/mg$) of CS extraction groups had 50% cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All of CS extraction groups were not showed significantly inhibitory effect on NO production. 3. All of CS extracted with ethanol only showed dose-dependently significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. 4. Two kinds of CS extractions did not have a inhibitory effect on Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusion : Two kinds(100 ${\mu}l/mg$) of CS extraction groups have 50% cytotoxicity. Two kinds of CS extractions have not the inhibitory effect on NO production and Propionibactrium acnes. CS groups extracted with ethanol only have a significantly scavenging ability of DPPH radicals. This study suggests that CS extracted with ethanol was effective in anti-oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea extract on probiotic potential, physico-chemical and functional properties of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus D11 or Lactobacillus fermentum D37 strains isolated from Doenjang. Probiotic activities such as the resistance to artificial digestive juices and the ability to adhere to epithelial cells were slightly higher in yogurt supplemented with green tea extract than in plain yogurt, which may be attributed to the increase in the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by green tea extract supplementation. Furthermore, the microbiological and physico-chemical properties such as the number of LAB, organic acid production and viscosity were significantly (P<0.05) increased in yogurt added green tea extract compared to plain yogurt fermented with L. acidophilus D11. However, the green tea extract did not significantly (P>0.05) affect these properties of yogurt fermented with L. fermentum D37 strain. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli O157 ATCC 43889, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, and Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 2514 and antioxidant activities including total phenol content, radical scavenging ability, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were significantly higher in plain yogurt fermented with L. fermentum D37 than with L. acidophilus D11. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the yogurt were significantly (P<0.05) increased in proportion to the concentration of green tea extract added to plain yogurt. Consequently, green tea yogurt fermented with L. acidophilus D11 or L. fermentum D37 was considered to be a useful functional food that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and scavenge the free radicals from the body cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2013

To determine the potential function of Rhus javanica in Korean medicine, it was fermented with each strain of Lactobacillus spp. Each strain of Lactobacillus spp. was inoculated in lactobacilli MRS broth, and 5 mg/ml of methanol extract of Rhus javanica was added. In mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, ethyl acetate extract of R. javanica fermented with L. brevis KCTC 3498 induced heme oxygenase-1 expression and showed a significant cytoprotective effect on glutamate-induced oxidative damage. The cytoprotective effect was related to the transcription of the nuclear factor E2-related factor2 (Nrf2), which is responsible for the induction of heme oxygenase-1 within the nucleus. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and heme oxygenase-1 expression activities of fermented R. javanica were measured after extraction with ethyl acetate. R. javanica fermented with L. plantarum subsp. plantarum KCTC 3108, L. fermentum KCTC 3112, and L. brevis KCTC 3498 had higher antioxidant activity than nonfermented R. javanica. The fermented R. javanica with L. plantarum subsp. plantarum KCTC 3108, L. casei KCTC 3109 after ethyl acetate extraction showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis PCI 219, Escherichia coli KCTC 1682, Shigella flexneri KCTC 2517, Vibrio parahaemolyticus KCTC 7471, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004. An ethyl acetate extract of the fermented R. javanica with Lactobacillus brevis KCTC 3498 exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than a nonfermented one against strains of B. subtilis PCI 219, E. coli KCTC 1682, S. flexneri KCTC 2517, and V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 7471.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.361-373
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Glycyrriza uralensis Fisher (Jecheon, Korea) extracts obtained by various extraction conditions (85% ethanol, heating temperatures and times), and to establish the optimal extraction condition of G. uralensis for the application as cosmetic ingredients. The extracts obtained under different conditions were concentrated and made in the powdered (sample-1) and were the crude extract solutions without concentration (sample-2). The antioxidant effects were determined by free radical scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$), ROS scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$), and cellular protective effects. Antibacterial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on human skin flora. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of sample-1 ($100{\mu}g/mL$) was 10% higher in group extracted for 6 h than 12 h, but sample-2 didn't show any significant differences. The extraction yield extracted with same temperature for 12 h was 2.6 times higher than 6 h, but total flavonoid content was 1.1 times higher. These results indicated that total flavonoid content hardly increased with increasing extraction time. Free radical scavenging activity, ROS scavenging activity and cellular protective effects were not dependent on the yield of extraction, but total flavonoid content of extraction. Antibacterial activity on three skin flora (S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. acnes)of sample-1 in different extraction conditions were evaluated on same concentration, and the group extracted at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ showed 16 times higher than methyl paraben ($2,500{\mu}g/mL$). In conclusion, 85% ethanol extracts of G. uralensis extracted at $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 h showed the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These results indicate that the extraction condition is important to be optimized by comprehensive evaluation of extraction yield with various conditions, yield of active component, and activity test with concentrations, and activity of 100% extract, for manufacturing process of products.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.559-564
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• 2012

It has been reported that dried orange peel in a medicine prepared from crude drugs has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral functions, prevents circulatory diseases, reduces lipids, improves immunity, and strengthens capillary vessels. This study attempted to identify the antibacterial effects of dried orange peel extract on S. mutans causing dental caries, and its effects on GTase activation. The extract was put on the medium at the concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml and its effects on the inhibition of S. mutans growth were examined. Analysis found that the higher the concentration was, the more the number of colonies was reduced. In accordance with the measurement after 8 hours, the extract displayed a high growth inhibition rate: 92% at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, 95% at a concentration of 10 mg/ml and 99% at a concentration of 20 mg/ml. Furthermore, the GTase deactivation rate by the extract was measured. The higher the concentration of extract was, the more rapidly the deactivation rate increased. The deactivation rate of the extract was significant at 42% at a concentration of 5mg/ml.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection often complicates burn wounds. Mupirocin is the antibiotic of choice for superficial MRSA infection, and its resistance is on the rise due to its frequent and widespread use. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Curcuma xanthorriza extract (CXE)-containing gel as a topical agent against MRSA-infected second-degree burn wound in rats. CXE was obtained using maceration with 96% ethanol. Xanthorrhizol level, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity were evaluated using a standardized method. In vivo, the wound's healing and bacterial load were evaluated every three days, whereas the histopathology of the wound was examined on day 12 of treatment. One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. In this study, 27.0% and 7.10% of the obtained CXE were xanthorrhizol and curcumin, respectively. Additionally, an IC50 of 64.27 ppm was shown in antioxidant activity measurement, and MIC against MRSA was 5 mg/ml. Treatment with CXE-containing gels showed a significant reduction in bacterial load and proliferation of connective tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, CXE-containing gel showed a greater reduction of bacterial load and more advanced wound healing phase than mupirocin.