• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the TLR-4 mediated anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Xanthii Fructus(XF) on the peritoneal macrophage. Methods : To evaluate of TLR-4 mediated inflammatory of XF, we examined NO and cytokine production in TRL-4 ligand(LPS-lipopolysacchride) induced macrophages. Furthermore, we checked molecular mechanism using western blot. Results : l.Extract from XF reduced LPS-induced Nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 production in peritoneal macrophages 2.Extract from XF itself does not have any cytotoxic effect.XS inhibited degradation of IkBa in the TLR-4 mediated peritoneal macrophages Conclusion : XF down-regulated TLR4 ligand(LPS)-induced NO and cytokine productions.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2008

담자균류의 버섯은 대부분 영양생장단계의 균사체와 포자를 형성하는 생식생장단계인 자실체로 나누어진다. 그러나 자연산 상황버섯은 자연계에서의 분포수가 극히 적어 그 자실체를 얻기 어려우며, 이러한 희귀성으로 인해 매우 고가로 거래되고 있다. 1990년대 중반 상황버섯은 균사체 배양기술과 인공재배법이 확립된 후 농가에서 대량생산되기 시작하였으며, 이에 따라 상황버섯의 유효성분을 이용한 기능성 식품 및 의약품의 개발이 활발하였다. 그러나 인공재배법에 의한 상황버섯 추출물은 자연산 추출물의 항암 및 효능면에서 차이를 나타내고 있어, 자연산 자실체와 같은 수준에서의 약효를 나타내기 위한 인공배양기술과 고농도 유효성분을 획득하기 위한 추출법이 핵심기술로 대두되었고, 인공배양된 상황버섯과 자연산의 다각도적인 약효 비교에 관한 연구가 아직까지 진행되고 있다. 따라서 상황버섯의 유효성분이 높게 함유된 저렴한 추출물이 생산될 수 있는 기반 기술들이 기능성 음료용수, 식품 및 의약품으로 개발에 중요한 핵심기술로 떠오르고 있다. 국내 상황버섯 기능성 식품의 시장은 상황버섯의 효능에 대한 인지 증대, 웰빙열풍을 의한 건강 음료에 대한 선호도 증대 등으로 인해 향후에도 10% 이상의 높은 성장률을 보일 것으로 예상된다. 현재는 중소기업들이 주로 활동하고 있어 마케팅 및 유통의 한계로 인해 시장이 크게 확대되고 있지 않으나, 사업매력도가 긍정적으로 평가되고 있어 대기업에서도 상황버섯을 이용한 기능성 식품 시장에의 진출을 모색하고 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1315-1321
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• 2008

본 논문은 오랫동안 민간요법으로 염증치료에 사용되어오던 섬수가 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-자극된 BV2 소교 세포의 nitric oxide(NO) 분비에 미치는 효과에 대해 연구한 내용이다. 실험 결과 섬수는 세포 생존력에 대한 영향 없이 BV2 소교 세포에서 NO 분비를 억제시켰고, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 단백질도 감소시켰다. 또한 섬수는 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 생산 및 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 발현을 저지하였고, proinflammatory cytokines과 ${IkB-\alpha}$감소를 억제시켰다. 따라서 섬수가 $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$감소를 억제함으로써 NO 합성을 저해하여 항염증작용을 할 수 있다는 내용이다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권2호통권141호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2005

The herb of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (Liliaceae) has been used as an edible wild herb and to treat heart failure and gastritis. We have already reported antihyperlipidemic anti-tumor effects of this plant. To enlarge the commercial availability of this food, it was investigated whether the extracts of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum reduce hyperlipidemia and obesity or not. The plants tested in this experiment were collected from two eco-types of Is. Ullung and Mt. Odae cultivated at Pyongchang. Extracts were prepared by extracting the fresh leaves and those dried at $36^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$, respectively. Pretreatment with the ethanolic extracts for two weeks(p.o.) reduced serum triglyceride-, total cholesterol- and LDL-cholesterol contents in rats induced by Triton WR-1339, respectively. Furthermore, oral administration of the extracts also inhibited the hyperlipidemia induced with oral diet of 30% corn oil. In the other attempt to find to alleviate the obesity, the model rats with obesity were induced by the high fat-diet for six weeks. Post-treatment with the extracts for two weeks significantly reduced the hyperlipidemia. Retroperitoneal-, epidymal- and total abdominal fat pad weights were considerably reduced at 100 mg/kg oral administration of the extracts. Increased feces lipid contents were also found in the rat treated with the extracts. The extract may lead to the higher activity in treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity than of the dried one.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2010

This study was practiced to investigate the existing study trends for Injinho that is numerously used for hepatobiliary diseases in oriental medicine. The studies selected from the domestic academic database included the following keywords in the title or abstract; 'Artemisia capillaris', 'Artemisia iwayomogi', 'Artemisia scoparia'. The studies considered were those published from January 1990 to May 2009. 198 studies were found to include the keywords related to the study subjects either in their title of contents or abstracts, and 104 studies among them were finally selected as subjects for this study. 81 studies among 104 studies(78%) were published between 2000 and 2009, while 23 studies(22%) were published between 1990 and 1999. Classification was proceeded according to study subjects as followed; 23 studies confirming hepatoprotective effect after artificial liver damage in a number of cells or the organ itself, 18 studies on anti-tumor effect, 12 studies on hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease, and 4 studies on liver cirrhosis and hepatocyte regeneration. Furthermore, classification was conducted according to study methods as followed; 56 studies practicing in vitro, 33 studies practicing in vivo, 11 studies practicing both in vitro and in vivo. 2 studies on specific cases and 1 study on documentary records. The majority of studies report the affirmative effects of Injinho. However most study methods were restricted to in vitro and in vivo. Hereafter, case reports on various fields and multicenter clinical trials on Injinho is necessary.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2014

Cordycepin은 Cordyceps militaris에서 처음 유래된 nucleoside adenosine 유도체의 일종으로 면역증강 및 항암활성을 포함한 다양한 약리 기능이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 LNCap 인체 전립선 암세포 모델을 이용하여 cordycepin에 의한 항암활성 기전을 연구하였다. Cordycepin 처리에 따라 LNCap 세포는 처리 농도 의존적으로 증식이 억제되었으며, 이는 apoptosis 유발과 연관성이 있음을 poly ADP-ribose polymerase의 단편화 현상과 Annexin V 염색에 의한 정량적 분석으로 확인하였다. Cordycepin 처리에 따른 flow cytometric analysis 결과로서 cordycepin이 세포주기 G2/M기 정체 현상을 유발하였음을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 cyclin B1 및 cyclin A의 발현 감소와 연관성이 있었다. 또한 cordycepin이 처리된 LNCap 세포에서 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1의 발현이 증가되었지만, CDK2, CDC2 및 Cdc25C의 발현에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, cordycepin에 의하여 증가된 p21 단백질은 CDK2 및 CDC2와의 복합체를 형성하고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 LNCap 전립선 암세포에서 cordycepin에 의한 G2/M 및 apoptosis 유발은 p53 비존적인 CDK inhibitor p21의 발현 증가가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a well-known natural product with anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects. We evaluated the antifatigue effect of KRG in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Eighty patients with NAFLD were prospectively randomized to receive 3 wk of KRG or placebo in addition to counseling on healthy eating and regular exercise. Liver function test, proinflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, antioxidant activity, and fatigue score were measured and compared according to the body mass index between the KRG and placebo groups. Results: The liver function tests were significantly improved after 3 wk of treatment in both groups. The mean levels (at baseline and after treatment) of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ were $108.0pg/mL{\pm}54.8pg/mL$ and $92.7pg/mL{\pm}39.0pg/mL$ (p = 0.018) in the KRG group and $123.1pg/mL{\pm}42.1pg/mL$ and $127.5pg/mL{\pm}62.2pg/mL$ (p = 0.694) in the placebo group, respectively. There was a significant difference in change of adiponectin levels between the KRG ($7,751.2pg/mL{\pm}3,108.1pg/mL$ and $8,197.3pg/mL{\pm}2,714.5pg/mL$) and placebo groups ($7,711.6pg/mL{\pm}3,041.3pg/mL$ and $7,286.1pg/mL{\pm}5,188.7pg/mL$, p = 0.027). In patients with overweight, the fatigue score was significantly decreased in the KRG group ($35.0{\pm}13.2$ and $24.5{\pm}8.9$, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our results show that KRG might be effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine and fatigue in overweight patients with NAFLD, in addition to improvements in adiponectin levels.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the reduction of lipid accumulation by treatment with Akkermansia muciniphila extract on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: After treating pasteurized Akk. muciniphila strains in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell, the relative expression of interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA was analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. 27 strains of Akk. muciniphila which have anti-inflammatory effects were selected. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were treated with Akk. muciniphila for 24 hr and then measured the toxicity using water soluble tetrazolium salt assay. The cells were incubated for 4 days and then differentiated into adipocytes using the medium including adipogenic reagents for 10 days. The Akk. muciniphila was treated when the medium was exchanged for differentiation medium at 4^th day and insulin medium at 6^th day. To observe the lipid accumulation, the cells were stained with Oil red O dye and were measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: In the cytotoxicity test, the cell viability of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was significantly increased compared to the control group which untreated with Akk. muciniphila, and there was no cytotoxicity of Akk. muciniphila at 1×10⁷ CFU/mL. The results on Oil red O staining and absorbance measurements were showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation in the group which was treated with Akk. muciniphila compared to the control group. Conclusions: In our results, Akk. muciniphila has the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This suggests that Akk. muciniphila could be help to improve obesity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2014

Background: Roles of immune reaction and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) have widely been established in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Methods: We evaluated the biologic efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), urushiol, and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) in mouse models of ALD. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into six feeding groups for 10 weeks: normal diet, alcohol, control, alcohol + KRG, alcohol + urushiol, and alcohol + probiotics. Alcohol was administered via a LiebereDeCarli liquid diet containing 10% alcohol. TLR-4 expression, proinflammatory cytokines, and histology, as well as the results of liver function tests were evaluated and compared. Results: No between-group differences were observed with regard to liver function. TLR-4 levels were significantly lower in the KRG, urushiol, and probiotics groups than in the alcohol group ($0.37{\pm}0.06ng/mL$, $0.39{\pm}0.12ng/mL$, and $0.33{\pm}0.07ng/mL$, respectively, vs. $0.88{\pm}0.31ng/mL$; p < 0.05). Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ levels in liver tissues were decreased among the probiotics and KRG groups. The tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level of liver tissue was decreased in the KRG group. Conclusion: The pathological findings showed that alcohol-induced steatosis was significantly reduced by KRG and urushiol. As these agents improve immunologic capacity, they may be considered in potential anti-ALD treatments.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 생육시기별로 피자두를 수확한 후 피자두의 아세톤 추출물을 이용하여 인간 유래 간암, 위암, 자궁암, 백혈암 및 유방암 세포주에 대한 세포독성효과를 조사하였고, 특히 유방암 세포주인 MDA-MB-231 세포주를 사용하여 피자두의 유방암 세포의 세포주기에 미치는 영향과 세포사 관련 조절 단백질의 발현 양상을 분석함으로써 피자두의 유방암 억제 기전을 살펴보았다. 인간유래의 암세포주를 이용하여 피자두 추출물의 성장 저해 효과를 측정한 결과, 농도 의존적으로 모든 암세포주에 대해 성장 저해 효과를 보였으며, 특히 피자두 1-4의 미숙과 추출물에서 높은 성장 저해 효과를 보였다. 특히 호르몬 비의존성 유방암세포인 MDA-MB-231에 대한 피자두 추출물의 성장 저해 효과는 4mg/mL의 농도의 모든 추출물에서 높은 효과를 보였으며, 피자두 1의 추출물에서는 97%의 높은 성장 저해 효과를 보였다. MDA-MB-231 세포주에 피자두 미숙과 추출물을 처리했을 때 apoptosis를 유도하는 유전자인 Bcl-2 family에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여지며, 순차적으로 capase-3 활성이 촉진되고, 이것에 의해 apoptosis가 유도되는 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로 이들 활성성분들의 규명과 인체실험과 더불어 피자두 미숙과에 대한 독성평가가 병행된다면 항암과 관련된 기능성 식품과 치료제 등의 개발에 있어 천연소재로서 피자두 미숙과의 유용성을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.