• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 2013

The aims of this study were to determine antioxidation effect and neuroblastoma cell protection effect of donkey's bone and skin extracts (DBSE). DBSE was extracted by a pressure-cooker for 48 h and lyophilized. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was significantly increased with increased doses of DBSE and 40 mg/ml of DBSE showed 95.43% of the DPPH scavenging effect, which was equivalent to 1 mg/ml of vitamin C. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner, and 20 mg/ml of DBSE showed 88.73% of the ABTS scavenging effect. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (${\mu}M$ Trolox equivalent) of DBSE was significantly increased at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, which showed $132.53{\mu}M$ TE. The viability of oxidatively stressed brain cells induced by $500{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$ was protected by DBSE at concentrations greater than $50{\mu}M$. Cell viability after DBSE treatment at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ was 53.78 and $54.34{\mu}M$ TE, respectively. There was no significant difference between both doses; however, 200 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of DBSE showed 59.74 and 66.08% of cell viability, respectively indicating that DBSE protected SK-N-SH from oxidation stress. These results suggest that DBSE may have potential to be used as natural antioxidants in food industry, while in vivo evidence is necessary to support DBSE's in vitro-based antioxidative efficiency.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-396
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• 2008

This study was carried out to help restore and spread broaden the consumption of Chungtaejeon, a our traditional tea, Chungtaejeon in Korea, and as well as to gather the basic data on Chutaejeon tea. We have also compared the various ingredients components and physiological activities of Chungtaejeon tea extracts with that of green tea extracts. According to the results, the total phenol contents in of the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 90.56 and 98.70 mg/100 mL, respectively, and their tannin contents levels in Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 214.14 mg/100 mL and 259.60 mg/100 mL, respectively, showing a difference in content. The catechin contents of the Chetaejeon and green tea extracts were in the order of EGC($15.80{\sim}16.50\;mg/100mL$), EGCG($10.40{\sim}10.60\;mg/100 mL$), and ECG($9.55{\sim}9.88\;mg/100 mL$), however, with the exception of EC(7.86 mg/100 mL) in the green tea extracts, there were not significant differences between that in them Chetaejeon and green tea extracts. Quercetin was the main flavonoid ingredient component in those both the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts was quercetin, at levels of 0.08 mg/100 mL and 0.06 mg/100 mL and its contents in Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 0.08 mg/100 mL and 0.06 mg/100 mL, respectively. The primary amino acid in both tea extracts was theanine main amino acid at levels of, theanine contents were most increased in 8.02 mg/100mL and 10.80 mg/100 mL, respectively, Chungtaejeon tea extracts by 8.02 mg/100 mL and green tea extracts by 10.80 mg/100 mL. And the arginine contents of the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts in Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts were 1.78 mg/100 mL and 1.86 mg/100 mL, respectively. In terms of mineral composition, potassium content was highest contents in the Chungtaejeon and green tea extracts by 19.80 and 18.04 mg/100 mL, respectively. Finally, the Chungtaejeon tea extracts offered the greatest anti-oxidation and ACE inhibition activities were most increased in the Chungtaejeon tea extracts, and the green tea extracts showed the highest level of nitrite radical scavenging activity at 90% was extremely much increased in the green tea extracts by 90%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

A complement system-activating (anti-complementary) polysaccharide was purified from the hot water extract of young stems of Cinnamomum cassia Blume. Crude polysaccharide fraction (CC-1) was prepared from the hot water extract of the young stems followed by methanol-reflux, precipitation with ethanol, dialysis, and lyophilization. The anti-complementary activity of CC-1 was decreased greatly by periodate oxidation, but was not changed by pronase digestion. These suggest that carbohydrate moiety may be related to the activation of complement system. According to its ionic strength CC-1 was fractionated first using cetavlon to give 4 fractions, CC-2, 3, 4 and 5. Among them CC-2 fraction was found to retain the highest activity and yield. CC-2 was separated to an unabsorbed neutral sugar portion (CC-2-I) and seven absorbed acidic sugar fractions $(CC-2-II{\rightarrow}CC-2-VIII)$ on DEAE-Toyopearl 650C (Cl-). CC-2-III showing higher anti-complementary activity and yield than those of other fractions, was further purified on the gel permeation of Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose CL-6B to CC-2-IIIa-3. CC-2-IIIa-3 was determined to have a homogeneity hy GPC (Sepharose CL-6B) and HPLC. Gel chromatography using standard dextrans gave a value of $2.4{\times}10^5$ for the molecular weight. The purified polysaccharide, CC-2-IIIa-3 consisted of arabinose, xylose, glucose, galactose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 5.56 : 3.77 : 1.87 : 1.00 : 5.12 : 3.13 and contained no nitrogen.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2013

Objectives : We carry out the simultaneous quantification for quality control of four components in Bangpungtongseong-san (BPTSS) sample. In addition, we assessed the antioxidant effects of BPTSS sample. Methods : The used column for separation and analysis of four compounds was Luna C18 column and column oven temperature was maintained at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase for simultaneous determination consisted of two solvent systems, 1.0% acetic acid in water and 1.0% acetic acid in acetonitrile. High performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) method for analysis was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with PDA detection at 254 and 280 nm. The injection volume was 10 ${\mu}L$. The antioxidant activities of BPTSS were evaluated by measuring free radical scavenging activities on 2,2'-Azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The inhibitory effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were evaluated by the formation of thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) and relative electrophoretic mobility (REM). Results : Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2{\geq}0.9999$. The values of limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.06-0.29 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 0.20-0.98 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The amounts of geniposide, liquiritin, baicalin, and glycyrrhizin in BPTSS were 5.06, 7.33, 27.56, and 7.81 mg/g, respectively. The BPTSS showed the radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% reduction (RC50) against ABTS and DPPH radicals were 72.51 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 128.49 ${\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, GMGHT reduced the oxidation properties of LDL induced by CuSO4. Conclusions : The established HPLC-PDA method will be helpful to improve quality control of BPTSS. In addition, BPTSS has potentials as therapeutic agent on anti-atherosclerosis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2006

Biological activities and application of Isodon japonicus H. were investigated. In the physiological activities, the electron donating ability (EDA) was 66.3% in 100 ppm and SOD-like activity was as high as 85.0% in 1,000 ppm with gradual increase. As for the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase, it was 70.0% in 1,000 ppm and as low as 40.0% in 500 ppm; also, as for the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase, it was as low as 20.5% below 1,000 ppm. The tyrosinase inhibition effect related to skin whitening function showed 30.0% at 1,000 ppm level or below, indicating a relatively low effect. As for the result of measuring the lipid oxidation, all the concentrations of medical ion treatments showed anti-acidification ability; also, as for the metal ion blocking effects against the lipid oxidation promoting factors $(Fe^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+})$, $Fe^{2+}$ was better than $Cu^{2+}$ and all concentrations of medical ion treatments was 60.0% in 100 ppm. Also, the clear zone against various bacteria at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/disc was clearly shown. When it was applied into a normal skin-softener, it was safe, showing its potential as a natural material of cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2020

Background: Although a number of Panax ginseng cultivars have been developed by Korean researchers in recent years, there has been insufficient analysis of their beneficial properties. In this study, we sought to identify useful ginseng varieties as functional materials. Methods and Results: We evaluated effects of root extracts of 10 ginseng cultivars (Cheongsun; CS, Chunpoong; CP, Gopoong; GP, Gumpoong; GMP, K1, Sunhyang; SH, Sunone; SO, Sunpoong; SP, Sunun; SU and Yunpoong; YP) against the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mouse brain microglial BV2 cells, as well as the binding of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a marker related to memory. Ginsenosides, such as 20 (S)-protopanaxadiols (PPDs), including ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc, -Rd, and - Rg3 and 20 (S)-protopanaxatriols (PPTs) including -Re, -Rg1, and -Rg2 were analyzed by HPLC. We observed that the cultivar GMP showed the highest inhibitory effect (60.8%) against NO production at 20 ㎍/㎖. Those cultivars showing the significantly highest inhibition effects against ROS at 20 ㎍/㎖ were K1 (57.3%), SP (54.5%), YP (53.1%), CP (51.7%), CS (50.9%) and SH (49.6%). At 50 ㎍/㎖, K1 showed the most potent inhibitory effect (51.2%) on NMDAR binding. The total phenol content of SH (1.89 mg/g) and K1 (1.73 mg/g) were higher than those of the other cultivars, whereas in terms of PD/PT ratios, the values of CP (0.98), K1 (1.05) and SO (1.05) were lower than those of the other cultivars. On the basis of correlation coefficient (0.7064) between NMDAR inhibition and ONOO^- scavenging activity. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the cultivars K1 and SH could be useful ginseng resources as functional materials with favorable cognition-improving and antioxidative properties.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2016

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of red ginseng (RG) according to steaming time on 150 mM HCl/60 % ethanol induced gastric ulcer models in mice. The sample was divided into 3 groups-G (dried ginseng), RG 4 (steamed 4 h and dried ginseng), RG 6 (steamed 6 h and dried ginseng), and determined through in vitro experiments, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity, HPLC analysis, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents. In vitro experiment results were depended on steaming hours. Based on the results, we chose two samples (G, RG 6) and conducted in vivo experiments. Mice were divided into 5 groups: Nor (normal group), Con (acute gastritis mice treated with distilled water), G (gastris induced by HCl/Ethanol treated with 100 mg/kg G), RG 6 (gastris induced by HCl/ethanol treated with 100 mg/kg RG 6), and SC (gastris induced by HCl/Ethanol treated with 10 mg/kg sucralfate). In our results revealed that RG 6 suppressed elevated reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory related makers, such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1 beta. In addition, gastric lesion area was improved. These results suggest that RG 6 protects the stomach by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response under gastric ulcer conditions. Therefore, RG 6 should be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute gastric ulcer.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2000

To enlarge application field of electrolyzed acid-water(EAW) on food industry, the changes of EAW properties by storage conditions and heating were investigatet. It was showed that storing EAW in closed container is mon effective to keep up the oxidation-reduction potentials(ORP), hyperchloride content and pH than stored in opened ones. ORP of EAW stored in closed container could be kept mon than 1 month as 1,150 mV levels. Ruing heating from 2$0^{\circ}C$ to 95$^{\circ}C$, ORP was increased to 1,150 mV levels at 95$^{\circ}C$ after gradual decrease to 5$0^{\circ}C$. Tyrosinase activity was decreased approximately to 26%~35% in EAW having a 950 mV~1,140 mV ORP. Also it was confirmed that EAW has anti-browning effect as sliced apple and potato, and their juices treated with EAW had conspicous difference in their $\Delta$E value. 12 kinds of pesticides such as aldrine, capful diazinon, diedrin, $\alpha$-endosulfan $\beta$-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, $\alpha$-BHC, o,p'-DDT, procymidone, PCNB added in EAW were recovered from ND~73.6% comparing to ones added in distilled water. The recovered amounts of pesticides, procymidone and diazinon in lettuce after soaking in EAW were 1.12 ppm and ND, compared with those of amounts soaked in distilled water were 3.67 ppm and 3.05 ppm respectively. So, it seems that EAW has potentials to promote the degradation of pesticides.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2022

Obesity is closely associated with profound dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. Recent reports have suggested that alterations in gut microbiota can be linked to diet-induced obesity. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of Weissella confusa WIKIM51 isolated from kimchi were investigated, as evidenced by: i) reduced lipid accumulation and downregulated adipogenesis-related genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; ii) suppressed gains in body weight and epididymal fat mass; iii) reduced serum lipid levels, for example, triglyceride and total cholesterol; iv) increased serum adiponectin levels and reduced serum leptin levels; v) downregulated lipogenesis and upregulated β-oxidation-related genes in the epididymal fat; and vi) altered microbial communities. The collective evidence indicate the potential value of W. confusa WIKIM51 as a functional food supplement for the prevention and amelioration of obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.967-977
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• 2023

Rubus crataegifolius (RC) is a traditional Asian medicinal plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. The fruits of RC are known to prevent adult diseases through antioxidants. In this study, the effects of RC extract (RCex) on obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated in animal models. Twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were induced to become obese for 8 weeks and then the extract was orally administered for 8 weeks. RCex reduced body weight, adipose tissue, liver weight. RCex improved biochemical biomarkers including lipid metabolism (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol). The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduced the expression of adipogenesis genes (liver × receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthesis (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and the effect of enhancing carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity by RCex was verified. RCex also influence on plasma production of hormones (adiponectin & leptin) related on energy expenditure and metabolism. In addition, we confirmed that RCex improved glucose intolerance in HFD-induced obese rats. RCex was first demonstrated to have anti-obesity as well as anti-NAFLD effects by regulating fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of AMPK. This suggests that RCex could be a good supplement for the prevention of obesity and related NAFLD.