• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.522-529
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• 2014

Sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) is well known as having anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effects in animals as well as in humans. In this study, we evaluated the effects of sea tangle-added patty on postprandial blood glucose and lipid profiles in borderline-hypercholesterolemic (cholesterol ${\geq}200$ mg/dL) adults. Eleven subjects voluntarily participated in the experiment, and each subject provided written consent. Experimental patty (E) was made by adding 2.25 g of sea tangle powder as a substitution to 1.125 g each of pork and chicken. In the first week, 200 g of Control patty (C) was provided to each subject, who had fasted more than 12 hours. In the second week, the same amount of E patty was supplied under the same conditions. Serum glucose levels increased significantly less at 30, 60, and 120 min after consumption of E patty compared to the levels at all time points after eating C patty. Thus, the change in the area under curve (${\Delta}AUC$) of serum glucose levels through 120 minutes was lower when consuming E patty compared to C patty. Although serum C-peptide concentrations were not significantly different at all time points between the two patties, the ${\Delta}AUC$ of serum C-peptide concentrations through 120 minutes was lower when consuming E patty compared to C patty. However, there were no differences in serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min between the two patties. Further, each ${\Delta}AUC$ of these lipid levels through 240 minutes was not significantly different between the two patties. The results indicate that sea tangle-added patty may decrease postprandial plasma glucose concentrations and reduce insulin secretion, although it might not ameliorate serum lipid profiles in adults with borderline-hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.937-944
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• 2017

To investigate the beneficial effects of fiber derived from agar on the lipid and glucose metabolism of obese model mice, changes in the fat accumulation, lipid content, and insulin concentration were measured in C57BL/6N mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with a beverage containing agar (BCA) for 9 weeks. The feed efficiency ratio was significantly decreased in the HFD+BCA treatment group, although the body weight and food intake were maintained a constant level. Also, the fat accumulation in the fatty tissue and liver were lower in the HFD+BCA treatment group than in the HFD+Vehicle treatment group. Furthermore, a significant decrease was detected in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL after the BCA treatment, while a constant HDL level was maintained in the same group. Moreover, the serum insulin concentration was significantly decreased in the HFD+BCALo (Low concentration) and HFD+BCAMi (Middle concentration) groups compared to the HFD+Vehicle group. Therefore, the results suggest that the long-term administration of dietary fiber from agar can improve fat accumulation in the fatty tissue and liver, the serum lipid profile, and the insulin concentration in the blood. Also, the results provide evidence that the inclusion of agar fiber in beverages results in significant hypolipidemic and hypoinsulinemic effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.509-519
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• 2024

A previous study showed that krill oil improved recognition and memory through anti-oxidative effects in an amyloid β model, but the authors noted that further investigations are necessary of alterations to neurotransmitters' states and of serum lipid profile improvements related to serum lipid peroxidation. Accordingly, in this study, ICR mice were pre-treated intraperitoneally with scopolamine prior to induced neurotransmission impairment, and the effects of krill oil provision on their capabilities of cognition were tested by performing a passive avoidance test (PAT), water maze test (WMT), and novel object recognition test. Then, parameters including the acetylcholine (ACh) concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), lipid peroxidation, serum lipid levels, and nerve cell proliferation were investigated. The results showed that krill oil improved the mice's abilities in recognition and memory as the times taken to complete the PAT and WMT were reduced compared to the mice in a comparison scopolamine-treated group. Krill oil produced an increased concentration of Ach, and this was accompanied by a decrease in AChE. As shown in a scopolamine-treated SH-SY5Y cell line, krill oil reduced the activity of AChE. Moreover, the suppression of lipid peroxidation-reflected in the finding that malondialdehyde was decreased with krill oil provision-is speculated to affect the recorded serum triglyceride and cholesterol decreases and LDL cholesterol increase. The intake of krill oil was also found to produce an improvement in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression by stimulating the activation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the brain tissue. Overall, the current results imply that the provision of krill oil raises the cognition and memory by elevating neurotransmitters and by improving the serum lipid profile and nerve cell proliferation, which occur as lipid peroxidation is suppressed in the brain tissue.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the fermentation broth of fruits and vegetables and various kinds of lactobacillus containing in the broth on anti-microbial activity, anti-acidity, its organic acid concentrations and deorderization. In addition, the quality of eggs laid from the hens supplemented with the fermentation broth was determined. The fermentation broth contained over 8 kinds of lactobacillus and other microbes. Lactobacillus (L.) hilgardii, L. reuteri, L. nagelii, L. plantarum, and Zygosaccharomyces bisporus were survived especially in pH 2.0 among them. The concentrations of acetic acid and lactic acid in the broth were higher than minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC) to Escherichia (E.) coli and Salmonella sp. Overall the broth contained sufficient organic acid to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella sp. In addition, L. nagelii and L. plantarum had the greatest anti-microbial activity against E. coli, Salmonella (S.) typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and S. gallinarium among lactobacillus in the broth. The broth had greater anti-microbial activity than individual lactobacillus. The fermentation broth had deodorization capacity of ammonia and hydrogen sulfate and the 50% of their concentrations were removed after 30 min treatment. Egg production rates, egg weight, and feed efficiency were increased in eggs laid from hens that supplemented with 0.1 % fermented broth compared to the control. The supplementation also increased the thickness and strength of egg shell to reduce broken eggs and decreased cholesterol levels in egg yolk. In conclusion, the fermentation broth of fruits and vegetables can be a natural alternative supplementation of feed in laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.204-209
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Kocat-D1, which is widely used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes in Shandong, China. Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks of age) were separated into 4 groups: a normal control, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat group (DM control), Kocat-D1-1 (diabetic rat treated with 0.25 g/kg/day hot water extract), and Kocat-D1-2 (diabetic rat treated with 1 g/kg/day hot water extract). After eight weeks of treatment, the fasting blood glucose levels of the Kocat-D1-1 ($334.3{\pm}32.9\;mg/dL$) and Kocat-D1-2 group ($259.5{\pm}35.0\;mg/dL$) were significantly lower when compared to the DM control group ($451{\pm}42.6\;mg/dL$). Furthermore, the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), albumin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the serum of the Kocat-D1-2 group were significantly normalized when compared to the DM control group. However, significant differences were not observed between the Kocat-D1-1 group and the DM control group. Histochemical staining of the liver of the Kocat-D1-2 group revealed no fat accumulation. The insulin level was significantly upregulated in the Kocat-D1-2 group ($0.13{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$) when compared to the DM control group ($0.05{\pm}0.04\;ng/mL$). The relative volume of $\beta$-cells in the pancreas of the Kocat-D1-2 group ($49.4{\pm}4.2%$) also increased significantly when compared to the DM control group ($12.9{\pm}7.9%$). These results suggest that Kocat-D1 exerts an anti-hyperglycemic effect through the enhancement of insulin secretion.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of extracts from fruit by-products on the blood characteristics, antioxidant activities, and immune response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in growing pigs. A total of 96 pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] with an initial BW of $27.94{\pm}0.92kg$ were used in a 6-week feeding trial. The pigs were randomly placed into one of four treatment groups with six replications (four pigs per replication) per treatment according to their initial BW. Treatments were: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) PRO (CON + 0.5% procyanidin), 3) HES (CON + 0.5% hesperetin), 4) TAN (CON + 0.5% tannin). At the end of the sixth week, five pigs (total 20 pigs, $BW=27.94{\pm}0.92kg$) were selected from each treatment and injected with LPS ($100{\mu}g/kg$ of BW). Blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS injection to assess anti-oxidative and inflammatory responses. After the LPS challenge, the concentration of serum cholesterol decreased with fruit by-product treatment compared with CON (p<0.05). The administration of TAN increased the concentration of blood total protein compared with the CON group 3 h after LPS challenge (p<0.05). The albumin concentration was also higher with PRO treatment compared to HES treatment (p<0.05). The concentration of IgM was increased by fruit by-product supplementation at 0 and 3 h (p<0.05). In addition, IgG concentration was higher in PRO, HES, and TAN treatments compared to CON treatment at 0 h, and IgG concentrations were also higher in the HES group compared to the CON group at 3 h (p<0.05). The concentration of IgA also increased with fruit by-product treatments at 3 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with fruit by-products may moderate the immune response after a LPS challenge in growing pigs.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.94-98
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• 2003

Quercetin and naringenin are representative flavonoids that not only exert anti estrogenic, cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant activities but also can modulate the metabolism of many xenobiotics. The activity of the specific form(s) of CYP450 is likely to be a major determinant of susceptibility to chemically induced carcinogenesis between which varies among between individuals due to different dietary habits as well as genetic characteristics. People consume cooked meat or fish together with various vegetables containing substantial amounts of quercetin and naringenin that can modify the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 to stimulate or to inhibit the mutagenic activities of HCAs. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) produced by cooking meat products at high temperatures are promutagens that are activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) lA2. Using a newly developed Salmonella typhimurium TA1538/1A2bc-b5 strain, we tested the effect of quercetin and naringenin on the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ). TA1538/1A2bc-b5 bears two plasmids, one expressing human CYP1A2 and NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR), and the other plasmid which expresses human cytochrome b5 (cyp b5). TA1538/1A2bc-b5 cells showed high activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD) associated with CYP1A2 and are very sensitive to mutagenesis induced by several HCAs. MeIQ was found to be the strongest mutagen among the HCAs tested in this system. Mutagenicity of MeIQ was enhanced 50 and 42% by quercetin at 0.1 and 1 mM, respectively, but suppressed 82% and 96% at 50 mM and 100 mM. Naringenin also increased the MeIQ-induced mutation about 37% and 22% at 0.1 and 1 mM, but suppressed it 32% and 63% at 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations, respectively, in TA 1538/1A2bc-b5 cells. Thus, they stimulated the MeIQ induced mutation at low concentrations, but strongly suppressed it at high concentrations. This biphasic effect of flavonoids was due to the stimulation or the inhibition of CYP1A2 activity in a dose-dependent manner judging by the activities of EROD or MROD in the Salmonella cells. Collectively, it is likely that the biphasic effects of quercetin and naringenin on the MeIQ-induced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA1538/CYP1A2bc-b5 were due to their differential modification of the CYP1A2 activity in these cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how herb extracts may improve blood circulation. Twenty-six extracts from nine different herbs (marjoram, lavender, dill, rosemary, hyssop, rose, lemon balm, pineapple sage, and echinacea) were evaluated for their anti-hypertensive effects via angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Their cholesterol-lowering effects via hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition and their fibrinolytic activity via fibrin-plate method were also evaluated. Both water extraction of rose flowers and 70% EtOH extraction of pineapple sage leaves effectively reduced the ACE activity with inhibition rates of 133.8% and 91.2%, respectively. Similarly, both water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers strongly inhibited the enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase by 48.9% and 80.5%, respectively. Water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers also showed relatively high fibrinolytic activity. Based on these observations, rose flower extracts can be developed as a functional tool for use in the improvement of blood circulation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 2014

This study was performed to evaluate the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of phytoplant diets in rats fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD). Experimental diet formulae contained various phytoplants such as brown rice, barley, soybean, germinated brown rice, malt, black bean, sea tangle, and/or dietary fibers including polydextrose, garcinia combogia, glucomannan, ${\small}L$-carnitine, and chitosan. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a HFCD for 6 weeks and then fed with a HFCD with/without phytoplants for another 6 weeks. Rats fed with phytoplant diets showed lower body weights, liver weights, visceral fat levels, and blood lipid levels compared to those of rats fed with HFCD alone. In addition, rats administered phytoplant diets showed increased daily feces production during the second experimental phase. These results suggest that phytoplant diets improve body weight, feces production, adipose tissue weight, and lipid metabolism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1695-1704
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• 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effects of the administration of ethanolic saffron petal extract (SPE) and vitamin E (Vit E) on growth performance, blood metabolites and anti-oxidant status in Baluchi lambs. Methods: Thirty-two Baluchi male lambs ($35.22{\pm}5.75kg$) were randomly divided into 4 groups. The 1st (control), 2nd (injectable saffron petal extract [ISPE]), and 3rd (Vit E) groups were respectively injected subcutaneously with either physiological saline (5 mL), SPE (25 mg/kg body weight [BW]) or DL-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (225 IU) once a week. An oral dose of SPE (500 mg/kg BW) was also administered to the 4th group (oral saffron petal extract [OSPE]). Feed intake and BW were measured for 42 days and blood samples were taken on days 1, 14, 28, and 42. The lambs were slaughtered, and tissue samples were taken. Results: Growth performance and many blood metabolites were not affected (p>0.05) by the treatments. Cholesterol of plasma in the ISPE and Vit E groups was similar and less (p<0.01) than both the OSPE and control groups. Although there was no significant difference between the control and other groups for plasma triglyceride, the ISPE group showed lower (p<0.05) triglyceride than the OSPE and Vit E groups. The highest (p<0.01) plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was detected in the OSPE group, while the ISPE and Vit E groups showed higher (p<0.01) superoxide dismutase (SOD) of plasma than the control. Malondialdehyde of plasma in the ISPE group was lower (p<0.05) than the OSPE. No differences (p>0.05) were observed among the groups for antioxidant status of both longissimus dorsi muscle and liver. However, the activity of GPx in the kidney and heart, as well as SOD activity in the kidney, were influenced ($p{\leq}0.01$) by the treatments. Conclusion: Adding ethanolic SPE improved antioxidant status and lowered lipids oxidation in lambs. The SPE and Vit E demonstrated similar effects on antioxidant status in lambs.