• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.909-918
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• 2012

The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as $17.9{\pm}1.0\;mg/g$. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as $89.5{\pm}1.9%$ and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $50{\mu}g/mL$ over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as $96.8{\pm}2.9%$, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was $86.5{\pm}4.6%$, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.500-509
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the worth of extract husk and cobs of the Seakso 1 (EHCS) for the functional foods. We aimed to investigate the proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, antioxidant active substance contents, antioxidant activity, inhibitory activity of the ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. The proximate composition of the EHCS have represented 6.90% moisture, 7.31% crude ash, 0.52% crude fat and 7.07% crude protein. Among the 17 kinds of amino acids that were analyzed in thd EHCS, the glutamic acid was the highest, with 736.08 mg / 100 g. The fatty acids detected in the EHCS were palmitic acid oleic acid and linoleic acid. The proportion of the unsaturated fatty acids was 83.33%. We determined the contents of the antioxidant active substance by the total polyphenol and flavonoid. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 99.87 mg/g and 25.02 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidative activity of the EHCS were determined using a DPPH and ABTS assay. In the antioxidative activity determination, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 95.62% ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) and 92.00% ($10,000{\mu}g/mL$), respectively. The inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ (10 mg/mL) were 95.86% and 76.92%, respectively. These results suggest that the EHCS could be potentially used as a resource for the bioactive materials for health functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

As a part of an infrastructure project on medicinal herb-based remedies, we conducted a phytohemical investigation of the 100% MeOH extract from the aerial part of Boehmeria quelpaertense; our findings resulted in the isolation of flavonoids (1-2), isoquercitrin (1) and hyperoside (2). The identification and structural elucidation of these compounds were based on $^1H$-, $^{13}C-NMR$, and LC ESI IT-TOF MS data. All the compounds isolated from this plant were reported for the first time. In this study, we examined the antioxidant activity of the 1 and 2 on the hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress in a Rat Cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2). The pretreatment of the flavonoids showed that it protects against $H_2O_2$-mediated cell death in the H9c2 cell line. Also, it decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by the flavonoids in the $H_2O_2$-treated H9c2 cell line. These results showed that the 1 and 2 are a source of antioxidants. As a result, they might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases, including myocardial infarction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.310-317
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• 2017

Mammalian cells control cellular homeostasis using a variety of defensive enzymes in order to combat against environmental oxidants and electrophiles. NF-E2-related factor-2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that, in response to an exposure to oxidative stress, translocates into the nucleus and modulates the inducible expression of various phase II cytoprotective enzymes by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE). In the present study, we have acquired 400 ethanol extracts of traditional medicinal plants and attempted to find out possible extract(s) that can increase the NRF2/ARE-dependent gene expression in human keratinocytes. As a result, we have identified that ethanol extracts of Rheum undulatum and Inula japonica strongly activated the ARE-dependent luciferase activity in HaCaT- ARE-luciferase cells. Exposure of ethanol extracts of Rheum undulatum and Inula japonica increased the viability and activated transcription and translation of NRF2-dependent phase II cytoprotective enzymes in HaCaT cells, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD[P]H:quinone oxidorecutase-1 (NQO1). In addition, ethanol extracts of Rheum undulatum and Inula japonica suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inhibiting the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in HaCaT cells. Together, our results demonstrate that ethanol extracts of Rheum undulatum and Inula japonica exert anti-oxidant effects via the induction of NRF2/ARE-dependent gene expression in human keratinocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidative effect of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts in hairless mouse skin from oxidative stress induced by UV-irradiation. After topical application on hairless mouse back with basic skin lotion group (control), ascorbic acid group (AA-0.5%, AA-1.0%, AA-2.0%, and AA-5.0%), and mugwort extract group (ME-0.5%, ME-1.0%, ME-2.0%, and ME-5.0%), the animals were irradiated to increasing doses of UVB (60 $mJ{\sim}100$ mJ) for 4 weeks. Hydrogen peroxide of hairless mouse skin homogenate significantly decreased in 2% (p<0.05) and 5% (p<0.05) of ME and AA groups. Hydroxyl radicals were decreased significantly in both of 2% and 5% ME groups as compared to AA groups (p<0.05). Oxidative stress levels deduced by oxidized protein contents were greatly decreased ($14.6{\sim}18.5%$) in all ME treatment groups, while only at 2% of AA treatment group. Lipid peroxide contents were greatly inhibited in all ME and AA treatment groups (p<0.01). Application of ME significantly increased catalase activity, over 25% in all mugwort and AA groups. Glutathione peroxidase activities were increased up to $20.5%{\sim}32.8%$ in 2.0% and 5% ME groups, whereas it increased in all AA groups. These results suggested that mugwort extract was more effective than that of ascorbic acid in protecting hairless mouse skin from photo-irradiation, and can be used as an potential anti-aging cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2007

The feeding effects of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts (ME) on the anti-oxidative actions of ICR mouse skin was investigated. To study the antioxidative effects of ME on ICR mouse skin, female ICR mice were grouped into basic diet group (control), ascorbic acid diet group (AA-2.5, AA-5.0, AA-10.0 and AA-20.0 mg/kg BW/day) as a positive control and experimental diet group (mugwort extract; ME-25, ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 mg/kg BW/day) and fed for 10 weeks. Protein contents in ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 feeding group were increased ($3.1%{\sim}11.1%$) and hydroxyl radical contents were significantly decreased ($10.4%{\sim}17.4%$) compared to control group. Oxidative stress signals and oxidized protein contents were significantly reduced to the range of 15.3 to 17.1% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased to the range of 15.0% to 23.3% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Catalase activities were significantly increased ($14.0%{\sim}36.9%$) in all groups in a dose-dependent pattern. Antioxidative ability of ME showed similarity to that of ascorbic acid.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.1 s.108
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• pp.8-16
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• 2005

The extrusion-cooking condition on Cordyceps pruinosa was designed using twin-screw extruder. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate extrusion-cooking using a central composition design with varying die temperature $(114-146^{\circ}C)$, feed moisture $(22-38\%)$, feed rate (4-14 ka/h) and screw speed (120-280 rpm). System parameters (die pressure and specific mechanical energy (SME)) and extrudate parameters (density and water solubility index (WSI)) were statically analyzed using RSH. Die pressure was significantly affected by temperature, moisture contents and feed rate. SM was affected by screw speed and feed rate. When die temperature is $130^{\circ}C$ and moisture content $25\%$, the optimum pressure is shown. SME is about 20 Wh/kg, when feed rate is $10\~12kg/min$ and screw speed $200\~250rpm$. WSI was affected by temperature and moisture contents. Density was not affected by any factor. WSI increases by $7\%$ from about $23\%$ to about $30\%$, as temperature is raised from $120^{\circ}C\;to\;140^{\circ}C$. The WSI of Cordyceps pruinosa pulverized after extruding (PE) is about $26.97\%$ higher than that of raw material and $10\%$ higher than that of pulverized after drying (PD). The content of unsaturated fatty acid were not significantly different in PD and PE. Anti-oxidative activity of PE was 1.67-2.2 times higher than that of PD in Cordyceps pruinosa using 1- dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl method (DPPH).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2017

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that take significant roles in extracellular matrix degradation and therefore linked to several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Hizikia fusiformis, a brown algae, was reported to possess bioactivities, including but not limited to, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to bioactive polysaccharide contents. In this study, the potential of H. fusiformis against cancer cell invasion was evaluated through the MMP inhibitory effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro. H. fusiformis crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, $H_2O$, n-BuOH, 85% aqueous MeOH, and n-hexane (n-Hex). The non-toxicity of the fractions was confirmed by MTT assay. All fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to the gelatin zymography assay. Cell migration was also significantly inhibited by the n-Hex fraction. In addition, both gene and protein expressions of MMP-2 and -9, and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The fractions suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 while elevating the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, with the $H_2O$ fraction being the least effective while n-Hex fraction the most. Collectively, the n-Hex fraction from brown algae H. fusiformis could be a potential inhibitor of MMPs, suggesting the presence of various derivatives of polysaccharides in high amounts.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

Lindera obtusiloba has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of lots of diseases, including abdominal pain, bruise, and hepatocirrhosis. Here in this study, we elucidated the lifespan-extending effect of methanolic extract of Lindera obtusiloba (MLO) using Caenorhabditis elegans model system. We found that MLO has potent lifespan extension activities under normal culture condition. Then, we determined the protective effects of MLO on the stress conditions such as osmotic, thermal and oxidative stress. To reveal possible mechanism of MLO-mediated lifespan, we further investigated the effect of MLO on the antioxidant enzyme activities and intracellular ROS levels. Our results demonstrated that superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly up-regulated by MLO treatment, resulted in reduced intracellular ROS levels. In this work, we also tested whether MLO-mediated longevity activity was associated with aging-related factors such as food intake and growth. Our data revealed that both of pharyngeal pumping rate and body length were significantly shifted by MLO treatment, indicating these factors were involved in MLO's lifespan-extension effects. Although MLO induces reduction in food intake, the body movement of MLO-fed aged worms was not decreased, compared to untreated control worms, indicating MLO might extend lifespan without affecting healthspan.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2014

It is known that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have many beneficial health effects, including anti-oxidative activity and immune regulation. In this study, the immune regulatory effects of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum, which are found in different types of kimchi, were evaluated. L. sakei and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) have greater immune stimulating potential in IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production as compared with L. plantarum in an in vitro condition. On the other hand, L. plantarum is assumed to repress the Th1 immune response in murine experiments. After being injected with LPS, L. plantarum-fed mice maintained a healthier state, and the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ in their blood was lower than in other bacterial strainfed mice and in the LPS-only control mice. Additionally, IL-12 production was significantly decreased and the production of IL-4 was greatly increased in the splenocytes from L. plantarum-fed mice. Further experiments revealed that the pre-injection of purified LTA from L. plantarum (pLTA), L. sakei (sLTA), and S. aureus (aLTA) decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-4 production in LPS-injected mice. Mouse IL-12, however, was significantly increased by aLTA pre-injection. In conclusion, the L. sakei and L. plantarum strains have immune regulation effects, but the effects differ in cytokine production and the regulatory effects of the Th1/Th2 immune response.