• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2022

본 연구는 실리마린의 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 알아보고자 하였다. 항산화 활성은 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)와 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline5 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) 라디칼에 대한 소거능을 측정하여 확인하였다. 실리마린은 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 DPPH 라디칼을 71%, ABTS 라디칼을 78% 소거하여 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타냈다. 실리마린은 DNA의 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 억제하였고 사람 혈청 단백질과 Cu,Zn-SOD의 산화적 변형을 억제하였다. 또한 실리마린은 H₂O₂와 LPS에 의한 세포사멸, ROS 생성 및 DNA fragmentation을 억제하였다. 본 연구 결과들을 통해 실리마린은 효과적인 천연 항산화 및 항염증 소재로 적용될 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2022

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating disorders throughout the world, causing persistent sensory-motor dysfunction, with no effective treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play key roles in the secondary phase of SCI. Naringenin (NAR) is a natural flavonoid with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. This study aims at evaluating the effects of intrathecal NAR administration on sensory-motor disability after SCI. Methods: Animals underwent a severe compression injury using an aneurysm clip. About 30 minutes after surgery, NAR was injected intrathecally at the doses of 5, 10, and 15 mM in 20 µL volumes. For the assessment of neuropathic pain and locomotor function, acetone drop, hot plate, inclined plane, and Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan tests were carried out weekly till day 28 post-SCI. Effects of NAR on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity was appraised by gelatin zymography. Also, histopathological analyses and serum levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase and nitrite were measured in different groups. Results: NAR reduced neuropathic pain, improved locomotor function, and also attenuated SCI-induced weight loss weekly till day 28 post-SCI. Zymography analysis showed that NAR suppressed MMP-9 activity, whereas it increased that of MMP-2, indicating its anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Also, intrathecal NAR modified oxidative stress related markers GSH, catalase, and nitrite levels. Besides, the neuroprotective effect of NAR was corroborated through increased survival of sensory and motor neurons after SCI. Conclusions: These results suggest intrathecal NAR as a promising candidate for medical therapeutics for SCI-induced sensory and motor dysfunction.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2013

This study has assessed the anti-oxidative activities and cytotoxic effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract and measured the effects of tyrosinase inhibition activities with a goal of estimating the usage of the medicinal plant as an ingredient of cosmetics. First, to perform a basic test on the extract, pH and UV-spectrum were measured. According to the measurement, the extract had control functions at pH 5.5, and maximum absorbance occurred at 530nm. In particular, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl)-inhibiting activity (IC50) and polyphenol content were 149.81 ${\mu}g/mL$ and $51.28{\pm}2.52$ mg/mL respectively. In addition, as extract concentration increased, tyrosinase inhibition activities improved as well. In raw 264.7 cell-based MTT assay, cell survival rates were 98% at 1000 ppm and 153% at 100 ppm. Therefore, it's been confirmed that there is almost no cytotoxin. According to the test results above, it appears that the Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract would be effective in anti-oxidation and application as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at Taegye($KI_3$) in rats. Methods : The methods are measures of experimental items including change of body weight, relative liver weight, level of alblumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in blood serum, level of SOD, GSH, catalase, NO and MDA concentration in liver, histological change of liver. Results: 1. The $KI_3$-EA group lost weight in the beginning, and gained it gradually. 2. The liver ratio of the $KI_3$-EA group increased compared to the holder group, without any statistical significance. 3. The SOD activity, Glutathione concentration, and Catalase concentration increased, and the NO concentration and MDA concentration decreased in the $KI_3$-EA group significantly, compared to the holder group. 4. $KI_3$-EA group had more similar density to the normal group, than the holder group. Conclusion : The electroacupuncture application on Kb has anti-oxidation effect, by improving the body defence against the oxidation stress- induced cytotoxicity, and by supressing the oxidative liver damage.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

Ellagic acid (EA), an antioxidant polyphenolic constituent of plant origin, has been reported to possess diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities. This work aimed to clarify the skin anti-photoaging properties of EA in human dermal fibroblasts. The skin anti-photoaging activity was evaluated by analyzing the reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels as well as cell viability in dermal fibroblasts under UV-B irradiation. When fibroblasts were exposed to EA prior to UV-B irradiation, EA suppressed UV-B-induced ROS and proMMP-2 elevation. However, EA restored total GSH and SOD activity levels diminished in fibroblasts under UV-B irradiation. EA had an up-regulating activity on the UV-B-reduced Nrf2 levels in fibroblasts. EA, at the concentrations used, was unable to interfere with cell viabilities in both non-irradiated and irradiated fibroblasts. In human dermal fibroblasts, EA plays a defensive role against UV-B-induced oxidative stress possibly through an Nrf2-dependent pathway, indicating that this compound has potential skin antiphotoaging properties.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2011

Background: In this study, we have investigated the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts on the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 in human keratinocytes. Also, to examine the antioxidative effect of red ginseng extracts, free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in human dermal fibroblasts was measured. Methods: To investigate the effect of KRG in atopic dermatitis, we measured the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 secretion in LPS-stimulated human keratinocytes after the treatment of KRG extracts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-oxidative activity was investigated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and SOD activity. Results: The stimulation of human keratinocytes with KRG extracts shifted the LPS-induced cytokine secretion toward a more immunosuppressive response. KRG dose-dependently decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells and a significant inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ was shown when cells were treated with 500 and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts. Additionally, KRG extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activity in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, SOD activities of concentrations higher than $60{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts were significantly different in human dermal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Based on this study, KRG extracts may be a useful immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Silkworm pupae, a by-product of the silk industry are known to be valuable resource of nutrients for humans as well as animals besides encompassing diverse bioactive constituents. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on their role in amelioration of oxidative stress and anti-skin aging properties. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of aqueous as well as ethanolic (30% and 70%) extracts from distinct stages of male and female silkworm pupae belonging to two silkworm varieties on skin aging-related enzymes. The activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase were effectively inhibited by 70% ethanolic silkworm pupal extracts (SPE), followed by 30% with aqueous extracts exhibiting meager inhibitory potential. SPE were also investigated for their antioxidant activity in oxidative-stressed murine fibroblasts (L929). The intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in fibroblasts was better attenuated by pre treatment with ethanolic (30%) and aqueous extracts, respectively. The safety of the extracts was determined by studying their effect on fibroblast cell viability and it was found that none of the extracts were cytotoxic. Our findings indicate the potential utility of SPE as anti-aging components in cosmeceuticals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2024

Compared to other organs, the brain has limited antioxidant defenses. In particular, the hippocampus is the central region for learning and memory and is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the brain, and sustained glial cell activation is critical to the neuroinflammation that aggravates neuropathology and neurotoxicity. Therefore, regulating glial cell activation is a promising neurotherapeutic treatment. Quinic acid (QA) and its derivatives possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although previous studies have evidenced QA's benefit on the brain, in vivo and in vitro analyses of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in glial cells have yet to be established. This study investigated QA's rescue effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavior impairment. Orally administering QA restored social impairment and LPS-induced spatial and fear memory. In addition, QA inhibited proinflammatory mediator, oxidative stress marker, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in the LPS-injected hippocampus. QA inhibited nitrite release and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. Collectively, QA restored impaired neuroinflammation-induced behavior by regulating proinflammatory mediator and ERK activation in astrocytes, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation-induced brain disease treatments.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 인체 폐암 세포인 A549를 사용하여 Litsea populifolia 에탄올 추출물(EELP)의 항산화 및 항암활성과 그 분자적 기전에 관하여 연구하였다. 먼저 EELP의 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성을 측정한 결과, $IC_{50}$가 $11.71{\mu}g/ml$로 유의적인 항산화활성을 보였다. 또한 EELP가 인체폐암세포주인 A549와 정상 폐세포인 IMR90의 세포증식에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 정상세포의 생존율에는 거의 영향을 끼치지 않은 반면, EELP 농도의존적으로 A549 세포의 성장이 저해되었으며, 세포 주기 변화를 분석한 결과 EELP에 의해 A549 세포의 강력한 G1 arrest가 유도되는 것을 확인하였다. EELP에 의해 유도되는 G1 arrest는 세포주기 조절 인자인 Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, Cyclin-dependent kinase인 CDK2와 CDK6의 mRNA 발현 감소와 더불어 단백질 발현 감소와 연관되어 있었다. 또한 EELP 처리에 의한 CDK/Cyclin complex의 발현 저해는 DNA 손상에 의해 활성화되는 CHK2의 활성화 형태인 p-CHK2의 발현 증가에 따른 p53 인산화에 따른 활성화와 CDK 활성화 효소인 CDC25A 탈인산화효소의 인산화에 따른 저해에 의해 나타나는 결과로 사료된다. 이러한 결과들로부터 EELP는 두가지 경로인 p53-의존성과 p53-비의존성(ATM/CHK2/CDC25A/CDK2) 경로를 통해 A549의 G1 arrest를 유도하여 세포 증식을 억제하는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구결과는 EELP가 폐암에 대한 새로운 항암활성 소재로서 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하며, 또한 EELP의 세포주기 조절에 의한 항암기전을 이해하고 향후 지속적 연구를 하는 데 있어서 귀중한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2015

한약재로 사용되고 있는 제주 재래 감귤 중 홍귤, 편귤 품종 과피 추출물의 기능성 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 용매별 분획물이 보유한 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 조사하였다. 홍귤, 편귤 모두 부탄올 분획물에서 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량이 각각 534.4 mg/g, 342.9 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 에틸아세테이트, 헥산, 그리고 물 분획물 순이었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량에 있어서도 부탄올 분획물에서 홍귤 431.8 mg/g, 편귤 415.7 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 부탄올 분획물 1 mg/ml 에서 홍귤(89.2%), 편귤(64.2%) 모두 가장 높았으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성에 있어서도 두 품종 모두 부탄올 분획물에서 낮은 농도에서도 매우 우수한 활성을 보였으며 그 뒤로 에틸아세테이트, 헥산, 물 분획물 순이었다. 항염증 효과 측정에서 홍귤, 편귤 에틸아세테이트 분획물 모두 NO, IL-6, iNOS 및 COX-2 단백질 생성 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 홍귤 에틸아세테이트 분획물 100 μg/ml 농도에서 항염증 효과가 우수하였다.