• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-atopic dermatitis effects of persimmon leaf extract obtained from Cheongdo-gun, where more than 60% of Korean persimmon is produced. Methods : Anti-oxidative effects of the crude persimmon leaf extract harvested monthly between May and November were determined by in vitro assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like reaction. Anti-atopic dermatitis effects of the crude persimmon leaf extract were determined by using collagenase type I inhibition assay and by quantitative assays including serum histamine, prostaglandin E metabolite and leukotriene $B_4$ levels in animal model of atopic dermatitis using Balb/c mice. Results : Persimmon leaf extract harvested in May had higher levels of total phenolic compounds (182.24 mg/g) and flavonoids (23.05 mg/g) than the ones of different month extract. Also, persimmon leaf extract harvested in May showed the most effective extract scavenging activities of DPPH free radical ($13.39{\pm}0.21\;{\mu}g/ml$) and superoxide anion radical ($40.52{\pm}2.32\;{\mu}g/ml$), leading to use the persimmon leaf extract harvested in May for the experiments hereafter. Persimmon leaf extract showed $326.71{\pm}4.6\;{\mu}g/ml$ of 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) for collagenase type I which is responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix. In addition, persimmon leaf extract application group could decrease serum levels of histamine, prostaglandin E metabolite and leukotriene $B_4$ compared to the negative control in animal model of atopic dermatitis. Especially, persimmon leaf extract showed a significantly decreased serum leukotriene $B_4$ level relative to the levels of histamine and prostaglandin E metabolite. Conclusions : Persimmon leaf extract showed anti-oxidative and anti-atopic dermatitis effects in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that persimmon leaf extract may have immunoregulatory function for alleviating atopic dermatitis by decreasing collagenase activity and mast cell activation.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.44-55
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate biological effects of Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) extracts by extraction methods. Methods: To investigate the effects of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity, we measured DPPH radical scavenging assay, collagenase inhibition assay and COX-2 inhibition assay. Results: In case of measuring anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) by collagenase and COX-2 inhibition activity, it came out that Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) was unable to inhibit collagenase, but was effective to inhibit COX-2. Cytotoxicity analysis of Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) extracts by MTT assay principles, there was no cytotoxicity in aqueous and 50% ethanol extracts in any level of concentration. Conclusions: This results suggest that Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2023

In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities were compared for the extracts of non-fermented Ligustrum japonicum fruits (LJF) and fermented counterparts. U se of Latilactobacillus curvatus (L. curvatus) and Weissella minor (W. minor), isolated from the Jeju Chromis notata, as fermented strains led to the extracts of LJF-LC and LJF-WM in this experiment. The yield of each fermented extract (LJF-LC and LJF-WM) was 40.5 ~ 46.0%, higher than 29.5% of non-fermented extract (LJF). As a result of an activity experiment using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccaride (LPS), it was confirmed that LJF-WM, a fermented extract, has an excellent effect of inhibiting NO production in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Upon the screening of DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities, the fermented LJF-LC and LJF-WM showed comparable to the non-fermented LJF. In the study of cell protection effect using HaCaT keratinocytes damaged by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), the fermented LJF-WM indicated protective effect against oxidative stress. In addition, quantitative analysis of a major constituent salidroside by HPLC indicated about 15.6 mg/g for the LJF-LC and 13.9 mg/g for the LJF-WM, which were higher than that of non-fermented LJF (12.0 mg/g). Based on these results, it was suggested that the fermented extract from L. japonicum fruits could be used as a natural cosmetics material with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.330-334
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• 2004

Four isoflavonoids and three flavonoids, and a gallotannin were isolated from the fruits of Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). Their structures were identified as genistein (1), sophoricoside (2), genistein-4'-O--L-rhamnopyranoside (3), $genistein-4'-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosly-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4), $kaempferol-3-O-{\alpha}-D-sophoroside$ (5), $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosly-(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (6), rutin (7) and gallic acid $4-O-{\beta}-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$ (8) by chemical and spectroscopic analysis and comparisons with previously reported spectral data. Compounds 3 and 8 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Anti-oxidative activity was evaluated for the isolated compounds. 8 exhibited potent anti-oxidative activity against the radical scavenging ability of DPPH with the $IC_{50}$ value of $17.1\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2011

Phytochemical studies on the whole extract of Sedum hybridum L., a Mongolian medicinal plant, has been undertaken to isolate active principles responsible for its anti-oxidative and antibacterial activities. Eighteen known compounds, i.e. (1) quercetin, (2) kaempferol, (3) herbacetin-8-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranoside, (4) myricetin, (5) gossypetin-8-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranoside, (6) gallic acid, (7) 2,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-D-glucopyranose, (8) 6-O-galloylarbutin, (9) myricetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranoside, (10) quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranoside, (11) caffeic acid, (12) ethylgallate, (13) (-) epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, (14) palmitic acid, (15) stearic acid, (16) stearic acid ethyl ether, (17) ${\beta}$-sitosterol and (18) ${\beta}$-sitosteryl-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranose have been isolated and their molecular structures identified by spectroscopic analysis. Thirteen substances including seven flavonol components (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10), five gallic acid derivatives (6, 7, 8, 12 and 13) and caffeic acid (11) exhibited significant, dose-dependent, DPPH radical scavenging activity. Galloyl esters 12 and 13 were revealed to be main active principles for the antibacterial property of the extract of Sedum hybridum L.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2000

In order to evaluate anti -oxidant activities and protective effect against oxidatve damage, DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured among methanol extracts prepared from natural medicinal plants. Fourteen natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anti -oxidative or anti-inflammatory effects were selected based on our previous report. In addition to the total methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions were prepared from each total extract. DPPH radical scavenging assay was performed against 14 total extracts and all samples showed dose-dependent activities in various extent. Among those, 6 samples, methanol extracts of Euryale ferox, paeonia suffruticosa, Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Cinnamomun cassia, Alpinia katsumadai and Betula platyphlla var. japonica showed IC$\sub$50/ value lower than 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in ethylacetate fraction of paeonia suffruticosa with IC$\sub$50/ value of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Analysis of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells revealed that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in methanol extract of Betula platyhpylla var. japonica. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was observed as a dose-dependent manner in all samples used in this study. Among fraction samples, ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia katsumadai had the strongest inhibitory activity with IC$\sub$50/ value of 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at Pungyung($ST_{40}$) in rats. Methods : The author performed several experiments, including measurements of body weightrelative liver weightslevels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in serum levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in the liver and histological analysis of the liver. Results : 1. Liver index was decreased in the $ST_{40}-EA$ group compared with the holder group and the control group. 2. LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in the $ST_{40}-EA$ group compared with the group. 3. SOD activity was significantly increased in the $ST_{40}-EA$ group and $ST_{40}-NR$ group compared with the control group. Glutathione activity was significantly increased in the $ST_{40}-EA$ group compared with the control group, the holder group, and the Sham-EA group. Catalase activity was significantly increased in the $ST_{40}-EA$ group compared with the control group and the holder group. Conclusions : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at $ST_{40}$ has an antioxidant effect in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

Korean traditional prescription, Oyaksungisan was usually used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis. In this study, we compared the contents of five major components, ephedrine HCl, ferulic acid, hesperidin, 6-gingerol, glycyrrhizin and various unknown compounds in Ohyaksungisan (OY) with fermented Ohyaksungisan (FOY) by established HPLC-DAD method. The neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cell of OY and FOY was investigated by MTT assay. And anti-oxidative activity of OY and FOY was measured by DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. After fermentation, contents of five major components and some unknown compounds (1), (2), (3) and (4) were increased in FOY. Also, FOY showed more potent neuroprotective activity. Furthermore, anti-oxidative activity of FOY was increased. In conclusion, the fermentation of OY could change contents various compounds and improved its neuroprotective activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2010

Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is an abundant free amino acid present in brain cells and exerts many important biological functions such as anti-convulsant, modulation of neuronal excitability, regulation of learning and memory, anti-aggressiveness and anti-alcoholic effects. In the present study, we investigated to explore whether taurine has any protective actions against oxidative stress-induced damages in neuronal cells. ERK I/II regulates signaling pathways involved in nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and plays a role in the regulation of cell growth, and apoptosis. We have found that taurine significantly inhibited AMPA induced cortical depolarization in the Grease Gap assays using rat cortical slices. Taurine also inhibited AMPA-induced neuronal cell damage in MTT assays in the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. When the neuronal cells were treated with $H_2O_2$, levels of NO were increased; however, taurine pretreatment decreased the NO production induced by $H_2O_2$ to approximately normal levels. Interestingly, taurine treatment stimulated ERK I/II activity in the presence of AMPA or $H_2O_2$, suggesting the potential role of ERK I/II in the neuroprotection of taurine. Taken together, taurine has significant neuroprotective actions against AMPA or $H_2O_2$ induced damages in neuronal cells, possibly via activation of ERK I/II.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1306-1313
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of Sapindus mukorossi fruit extracts (SME) on the anti-oxidant activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SME significantly reduced the production of ROS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including COX-2 and iNOS were also obviously inhibited by SME in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further studies revealed that SME up-regulated HO-1 and Nrf2 expression. Additionally, SME increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. These results suggest that SME could attenuate oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.