• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1997

This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of female students in the 6th grade in a rural primary school. The anthropometric data showed their mean height and weight were 149.5$\pm$6.5cm and 41.3$\pm$7.6kg, respectively, which are slightly higher than those in the Korean Standard Growth data. It was further observed that there was a wide variation in terms of physical growth and development among subjects. The mean hematocrit value was 40.3$\pm$3.3$\%$ and the mean hemoglobin concentration was 12.9$\pm$1.0gm/㎗. It was proven that 22.8$\%$ of subjects were anemic based on the WHO standards for hemoglobin level. Twenty four hour dietary recall revealed that their food intakes of subjects was appropriate, compared to the RDA except for Ca. Mean Ca intake among subjects was 381.3mg which is 47.7$\%$ of RDA. Nutrition education from mothers and the school influence nutrient intake significantly. Special nutrition education programs targeting mothers and students should be developed to provide practical assistance such as food choice and the forming of good eating habit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1391-1397
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• 1999

This study was conducted to assess the biochemical nutritional status of 310 elderly(males: 130, females : 180) residing in Puchon City. Subjects were apparently healthy, home staying and aged over 60. Average height of males and females were 163.2cm and 148.5cm, respectively. Female aged over 80 showed 148.5cm, which was significantly lower than that of group aged 60~69. The rate of moderate obesity for males assessed with BMI($\geq$27) was 7.7%, and 23.4% for females. The hypertension rate assessed by SBP($\geq$160mmHg) was 8.0% and 10.5% for males and females, respectively. The proportion of hypertension with indice of DBP( 95mmHg) was 9.4% and 23.4%. The lower concentration of Hb(males: <13g/dl, females: <12g/dl) occurred in 10.7% for males and 11.7% for females. No one except a few was found with protein deficiency assessed with serum albumin, serum protein and the ratio of urinary nitrogen to creatinin. Twenty five percent of males and 35.2% of females belonged to hypercholesterolemia($\geq$ 240mg/dl). The proportion of elderly whose fasting blood sugar was higher than 140mg/dl was 23.7% and 23.2%.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of the study were to examine the nutritional status of severe brain injury adult patients in critical period, and to compare the nutritional states before and after tube feeding. Methods: Data from 19 patients admitted to the SICU in a university hospital due to severe brain injury were analyzed. Nutritional states were measured by anthropometric and blood biochemical indicators. Results: MAC and MAMC were significantly decreased only at 7 days after admission compared with those on the day of admission. TSF was significantly decreased from 7 days to 14 days after admission. Fat rate was significantly decreased from 3 days to 14 days after admission. Hb was significantly decreased only at 3 days after admission. Albumin was significantly decreased from 3 days to 14 days after admission. However, lymphocyte was significantly increased at 14 days after admission. TSF and Albumin became significantly worse even after initiating tube feeding. Conclusions: Nutritional status of severe brain injury patients in SICU became worse after admission whichever indicators were adopted to evaluate nutritional status, anthropometric or blood biochemical indicators, and became worse even after initiating tube feeding.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-105
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• 2016

This study investigated anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, food and nutrient intakes, and changes in body mass index (BMI) of Korean middle age men (40~49 yrs). Data on BMI, anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure), and biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin, GOT, GPT) characteristics, food and nutrients intakes, nutrient density, and index of nutrient quality were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2001, 2005, 2011). Subjects were divided into three groups by year. Weight, BMI, and hemoglobin increased significantly by year. All anthropometric factors except height showed a positive relation with BMI by year. Consumption of barley, chinese noodle, confections, soybean milk, egg, ice cream, pizza, fried foods, banana, coffee, and raw rice wine increased significantly by year. Intake ratios of nutrients except water and fiber were over 100% of KDRI generally. INQ according to intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin per 1,000 kcal increased significantly by year. Distribution of BMI status of subjects showed a significant difference by exercise. The findings of the present study show that BMI of subjects increased by year, and intakes of all nutrients except calcium and riboflavin showed aspects of overnutrition by year. Intakes of fruits decreased while intakes of raw rice wine and coffee increased by year. Therefore, practical and systematic nutrition programs are required to maintain optimum BMI and appropriate intakes of nutrients to maintain a desirable lifestyle and improve dietary life.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

Epidemiological evidence of the effects of dietary sodium, calcium, and potassium, and anthropometric indexes on blood pressure is still inconsistent. To investigate the relationship between dietary factors or anthropometric indexes and hypertension risk, we examined the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with sodium, calcium, and potassium intakes and anthropometric indexes in 19~49-year-olds using data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III. Total of 2,761 young and middle aged adults (574 aged 19~29 years and 2,187 aged 30~49 years) were selected from KNHANES III. General information, nutritional status, and anthropometric data were compared between two age groups (19~29 years old and 30~49 years old). The relevance of blood pressure and risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, and the intakes of sodium, potassium, and calcium was determined by multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression models showed that waist circumference, weight, and BMI were positively associated with SBP and DBP in both age groups. Sodium and potassium intakes were not associated with either SBP or DBP. Among 30~49-year-olds, calcium was inversely associated with both SBP and DBP (P = 0.012 and 0.010, respectively). Our findings suggest that encouraging calcium consumption and weight control may play an important role in the primary prevention and management of hypertension in early adulthood.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

Possible correlations between nutrient intake add health status-as assessed by anthropometric measurements, physical performance and biochemical measurements-were investigated, using 514 healthy young men aged 20 years old who had no apparent health problems. The intakes of nutrients were estimated using a three-day dietary recall method. Height and body weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Physical performance was tested using sit-ups, push-ups, a loom sprint and a 1,500m run. When compared with the Korean recommended dietary allowances (Korean RDA), the subjects nutrient intakes were adequate except for calcium. The intake of calcium was 516.66$\pm$293.43mg/day, which is 73.80 % of the Korean RDA. The subjects averaged 174.51$\pm$7.07cm in height, 68.17$\pm$9.25 kg in body weight and 22.23$\pm$2.16 in BMI. The associations between nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements, and between nutrient intakes and physical performance, were weak. The intake of vegetable fat was positively correlated to body weight, whereas the intake of carbohydrate was negatively correlated to BMI. The intake of carbohydrate was positively correlated to the level of performance in the loom sprint, and the intake of vegetable Int was positively correlated to the level of performance of sit-ups. No correlation was found between nutrient intakes and the following biochemical measurements of the blood: the levels of glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin and hematocrit. These results suggest that anthropometric measurements and level of physical performance can be associated with energy nutrient intakes, even in moderately active, well-nourished, young men. No correlation was found between nutrient intake and biochemical measurements, probably because all subjects had a reasonably well-balanced diet.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.372-386
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• 2000

This study was conducted to assess anthropemrtric, health status, nutritional status, and their correlations in 120 female college students in Kyunggido area. The questionnaires on general living habits, food habits and energy expenditure were used, and nutrient intakes were estimated by Convenience Method. Anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct) were also determined. The mean values for BMI, RBW, and blood pressure of the subjects were 20.4$\pm$2.4, 92.9$\pm$16.0% and 108.9/69.6mmHg, respectively. Estimation of body fat from two sites of skinfolds thickness(20.6$\pm$6.0%) and four sites of skinfolds thickness(20.1 $\pm$8.6%) was similar, but different from BIA method(23.9$\pm$3.9%). The subjects of 36.9% considered themselves healthy, and 15.4% of them considered themselves not healthy. The mean values for Hb and Hct were 13.4$\pm$ 1.6g/dl, and 41.5$\pm$0.4%, respectively. The prevalence rates of iron deficiency assessed by Hb and Hct were found to be 19.8% and 6.3%, accordingly. The mean energy intake of subjects was 1,841 kcal. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrates, protein and fat was 64.9%, 14.7%, and 20.4%, respectively As nutrient intake was compared to RDA for Koreans, intakes of energy, calcium, iron, and vitamin A fell short of recommendations. Intakes of energy, fat, iron, vitamin B$_2$, and niacin were positively correlated with total energy expenditure. These results suggest that appropriate reference data are important to maintain the health of female college students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and to identify related factors in elderly hemodialysis patients. Sixty-four patients who were registered in Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, participated in the study. The data was collected between September and December, 2003. General characteristics were obtained with the use of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical data, 3-day dietary records and dietary habits were also obtained. The results of this study were analyzed with t-test or $X^2$-test using SPSS package program. The percentage of elderly hemodialysis patients who were undergoing mild to severe malnutrition (MN group) and were normal nutrition (NN group) by subjective global assessment (SGA) criteria were 46.9% and 53.1 %, respectively. Appetite (p < 0.05) and dietary cholesterol intakes (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in MN group than the NN group. Body mass index (BMI, p < 0.001), lean body mass (LBM, p < 0.05), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF, p < 0.01), mid ann circumference (MAC, p < 0.01) and mid ann muscle circumference (MAMC, p < 0.05) were also lower in the MN group than the NN group. There were also significant differences in blood urea nitrogen (BUN, p < 0.05), creatinine (p < 0.05), prealbumin (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP, p < 0.05). SGA was negatively correlated with serum BUN, creatinine and pre albumin, dry weight, BMI, LBM, total body water, TSF, MAC and MAMC, and positively correlated with age. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, SGA was related to BMI, CRP, age and BUN. In conclusion, almost half of the subjects were in malnourished status and had lower values in anthropometric and biochemical data. Our results suggest that SGA is a simple and adequate method for assessing the nutritional status in elderly hemodialysis patients and adequate dietary guidelines based on individual nutritional status are needed in the patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Pediatric patients in low-income countries are at a high risk of malnutrition. Numerous screening tools have been developed to detect the risk of malnutrition, including the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA), Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), and Screening Tool for Risk of Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids). However, anthropometry remains the main tool for assessing malnutrition. We aimed to identify the value of four nutritional screening tools versus anthropometry for evaluating the nutritional status of children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,000 children aged 1-12 years who visited the outpatient clinic of Cairo University Pediatric Hospital. Each participant was evaluated using anthropometric measurements (weight, length/height, and weight for length/height) as well as the PYMS, STAMP, STRONGkids, and SGNA screening tools. The sensitivities and specificities of these four tools were assessed using anthropometry as the gold standard. Results: Of the patients, 1.7% were underweight, 10.2% were wasted, and 35% were stunted. STRONGkids demonstrated the highest sensitivity (79.4%) and a high specificity (80.2%) for detecting malnutrition compared with weight for height, followed by STAMP, which demonstrated lower sensitivity (73.5%) but higher specificity (81.4%). PYMS demonstrated the lowest sensitivity (66.7%) and the highest specificity (93.5%), whereas SAGA demonstrated higher sensitivity (77.5%) and lower specificity (85.4%) than PYMS. Conclusion: The use of nutritional screening tools to evaluate the nutritional status of children is valuable and recommended as a simple and rapid method for identifying the risk of malnutrition in pediatric patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate health status of preschool children utilizing anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices. The subjects were 1,159 boys and 1,019 girls in Gumi day-care centers aged 4 to 6 years. The mean height and weight of 4, 5 and 6 year old children were 103.0 cm and 17.1 kg, 107.2 cm and 18.3 kg and 113.4 cm and 20.6 kg, respectively. By the obesity index criteria, $5\%$ of boys and $4\%$ of girls were obese whereas $10\%$ of boys and $9\%$ of girls were underweight. By the Kaup index criteria, $7\%$ of boys and $4\%$ of girls were obese. By the percentage of body fat criteria, $5\%$ of boys and girls were obese. The mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Atherogenic Index and serum glucose were 154.1-156.5 mg/dL, 80.1-81.9 mg/dL, 46.8-47.4 mg/dL, 90.9-92.8 mg/dL, 2.34-2.39 and 76.4-77.8 mg/dL, respectively. Serum triglyceride level, AI and body fat percentage of obese children were significantly higher than other children and were significantly lower in HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.05). In addition there were significant correlation between anthropometric values and serum biochemical indices : Kaup index and obesity index were positively correlated to the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in boys and girls (p < 0.01) and to the triglyceride concentration in boys (p < 0.05). These results indicate the need of developing and implementation of nutrition education program for preschool children to prevent further development of childhood obesity and to maintain normal serum lipid profiles.