• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1969

According to the mode of development of antheridia and antheridial mother cells, the antheridium formation of Rhodymeniales is divided into two types. I. Separate Type; Antheridial mother cells are separate one another. Antheridia and the mother cell are surrounded by the common wall. The superficial gelatinous wall covering antheridial sori disappears during the antheridium formation. Spermatia are comparatively large. Halosaccion saccatum, H. firmum, Rhodymenia palmata and Rh. marginicrassa. II. Seriate Type; Antheridial mother cells, originated from the same epidermal cell, are seriate one another with a pit-connection. Antheridia and the mother cell do not have the common wall. The superficial gelatinous wall remains during the antheridium formation. Spermatia are comparatively small. Rhodymenia intricata, Rh. pertusa, Chrysymenia wrightii, Lomentaria hakodatensis, L. catenata, Binghamia californica and Champia parvula.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2019

This study investigated a suitable method that could be applied for Asian chain fern [Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm.] to propagate gametophytes and promote sporophyte formation. The gametophytes used in all experiments were obtained from germinated spores in vitro and were subcultured at 8-week intervals. The most appropriate media for gametophyte propagation was identified by culturing 300 mg of gametophyte in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2), and Knop medium for 8 weeks. As a result, fresh weight of the gametophyte was increased by 56.7-fold on MS medium. Moreover, antheridium formation as well as gametophyte growth was improved on MS medium, especially. To improve the sporophyte formation ex vitro, 1.0 g of gametophyte was ground with distilled water and spread on eight combinations onto four different culture mediums, such as bed soil, peat moss, perlite and decomposed granite. Then generation and growth of sporophytes were investigated after cultivation for 10 weeks. As a result of this experiment, peat moss had a promotive effect of sporophyte formation at single-use and mixed culture soils. In particular, a mixture of bed soil, peat moss and perlite in a 1:1:1 ratio (v/v/v) led to the accelerated formation (782.5 ea/pot) and the frond growth of sporophytes. This included increases in length and width of fronds. However, promotive effect of gametophyte growth and sporophyte formation was not found at single-use and treatment with high ratio of bed soil.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Three species of the genus Euphoriomyces (Laboulbeniales) were found newly from Korea. E. agathidii (Maire) Tavales was collected from Agathidium sp. (Leiodidae, Coleoptera). The characteristic traits of this species are the distal portion of the primary axis composed of $5{\sim}11$ superposed layers and bearing more or less the elongated appendages. E. cybocephali (Thaxter) Thaxter was collected from Pseudocolenis hilleri Reitter (Leiodidae, Coleoptera). The primary axis of this species composed of $5{\sim}9$ superposed layers is simple, not branched and a single antheridium occurs on the apex of the secondary axis. E. sugiyamae Majewski was collected from Scaphisoma rufum Achard (Scaphidiidae, Coleoptera). This species is very unique in having the antheridia formed as coner cells with lateral necks.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.480-489
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• 2017

본 연구는 참지네고사리의 기내 포자발아, 전엽체 증식 및 포자체 형성에 적합한 배지 및 배양토를 구명하고 균일묘를 생산하고자 수행되었다. 포자는 배지의 종류와 농도에 관계없이 모든 처리구에서 발아율이 우수하였다. 그 중 Knop배지에서는 MS 계열 배지에 비해 전엽체로의 발달이 빠르게 진행되었다. 포자를 발아시켜 획득한 전엽체를 재료로 배지의 구성물질을 달리하여 배양하였다. 전엽체의 증식율은 Knop배지에 비해 낮았으나, 장정기 등 생식기관의 형성이 활발한 1MS배지가 전엽체 증식용 배지로 적합한 것으로 생각되었다. 또한 MS배지의 sucrose 농도는 2%, 총 질소급원의 농도는 60mM, $NH_4{^+}$와 $NO_3{^-}$의 비율을 20:40mM로 조절하는 것이 전엽체의 생육 및 형태형성에 효과적이었다. 포자체 형성에 적합한 배양토를 선발하기 위하여 믹서기로 분쇄한 전엽체를 인공토양(원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트, 마사토)을 단용 또는 혼용한 토양에 분주하여 14주간 재배하였다. 그 결과, 원예상토를 사용한 처리구에서 포자체의 형성 및 생육이 우수하였으며, 특히 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼용하였을 때 포자체의 형성(0.83개/$cm^2$)이 가장 왕성하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2004

Phytophthora rot on sword bean, Canavalia gladiata, which has not been reported yet in Korea, occurred in some fields of Jinju in 2003. The disease develops on the basal stem of the plant, but is also often observed on leaves and pods. Rot lesions begin with small dark brown spots and as these are water-soaked, they enlarge rapidly. The magnitude of at the field reached 40%. Abundant sporangia of Phytophthora were formed on the surface of diseased pods and were mummied later. The causal fungus was identified as P. nicotianae with the following mycological characteristics: Sporangium-readily formed in water, papillate, noncaducous, ovoid to spherical, 24-58 (L) ${\times}$ 22-35 (W) in size; Oogonium-spherical, smooth walled, and 22-30; Oospore- aplerotic, spherical, and 18-24; Antheridium- amphigynous, unicellula, and spherical; Chlamydospore- abundant, spherical, and 25-35; Sexuality- heterothallic, and A1 or A2; Optimum growth temperature- about 28$^{\circ}C.$ The fungus showed strong pathogenicity to sword bean. Symptoms similar to those observed in the fields appeared 2 days and 4 days after inoculation with and without wound on pods. This is the first report of Phytophthora rot of sword bean in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.288-290
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• 2003

Shoot blight of suckers of common lilac plants (Syringa vulgaris) was found in an apartment garden in Daegu, Korea. The causal organism was a species of Phytophthora, which was homothallic with paragynous antheridium. Oogonia were globose and measured 21.5-34.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$ with an average of 29.7$\pm$3.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter. Oospores in oogonia were round, light orange brown when mature, mostly plerotic, and measured an average of 25.6$\pm$3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter. Antheridia were ovoid and around 11.7$\times$7.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Sporangia seldom formed on agar media but formed abundantly in water. Sporangia that formed in water were semipapillate, ovoid obpyriform, non-caducous, and 23.4-66.3$\times$17.6-37.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in dimension with I/b ratio of 1.46. The causal organism was identified as Phytophthora citricola Sawada on the basis of morphological characteristics. This is the first report of shoot blight caused by P. citricola Sawada in lilac suckers in Korea.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 1998

Root rot of carnation caused by isolates of Phytophthora was found at Kongju, 1996. Infected plants appeared symptoms of wilting, brown discoloration on collar area and consequently led to death. The causal pathogen was identified as Phytophthora nicotianae based on morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. Mycelium was grown to rosette colony pattern on corn meal agar and the growth was 10.2 mm/day on 10% clarified V8 medium at $25^{\circ}C$. Swelling with radiating hyphae was formed in water and on agar within 7 days. Chlamydospores were abundantly produced on agar within 7 days. Sporangium was prominent papillate, 2~3 apex, 1.2 : 1 l/b ratio, lateral attacment on sporangiospore and was rarely produced on solid media but produced in water. The shape of sporangium was spherical or ovoid, and the size was 34~73$\times$32~60 (av. 33$\times$66.5) ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in dimension. The isolates were heterothallic, and mating type A2. Oogonium was spherical, ovoid, 26~36 (av. 36 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) in diameter, and antheridium was amphygynious to oogonia. The fungus was able to grow 10~35$^{\circ}C$, and optimal temperature was 27$^{\circ}C$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

Since July 2005, survey of chestnut ink disease was carried out in chestnut stands located at southern parts of Korea. Dead chestnut trees showing inky ooze on necrotic trunks were found in two different locations. In order to isolate and identify the causal fungus, infected tissues and soil samples around dead or dying trees were collected and placed on Phytophthora-selective medium. Rhododendron and chestnut tree leaves were used as a bait to isolate the fungus from soil samples by attracting zoospores in soil suspensions. On V-8 culture medium, the isolates produced homothallic oogonia with protuberances ($34.0-46.2{\times}21.9-26.7{\mu}m$) abundantly, but did not produced sporangia. Mass production of sporangia was possible by immersing agar plugs with actively growing mycelium in the creek water at $18^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Sporangia were papillate, and ovoid to obpyriform ($17.0-38.9{\times}14.6-29.2{\mu}m$) in shape. Comparison of the ITS sequences revealed that the isolates had 100% identity to the P. katsurae isolates from Japan and New Zealand and 99.6% identity to other P. katsurae isolates. All of the examined isolates from Korea were completely identical to each other in ITS sequence. Numerous sporangia were formed in filtered as well as unfiltered creek water, but no sporangia formed in sterilized distilled water. Light induced sporangia formation, but has no influence on oospore formation. Amendments of ${\beta}$-sitosterol in culture media have no significant effect on mycelial growth but significantly stimulate oospore and sporangia formation.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2017

본 연구는 돌토끼고사리의 포자발아, 전엽체 증식, 포자체 형성 및 육묘의 조건을 구명하여 대량증식 체계를 확립하기 위해 수행되었다. 포자 발아는 영양물질의 함량이 낮은 배지에서 촉진되었으며, 특히 Knop배지에서 최종 발아율(100%)과 전엽체의 발달이 우수하였다. MS배지를 기본으로 하여 배지구성물질을 1 / 8-2배로 조절한 배지와 Knop배지에서 전엽체를 배양한 결과, 2XMS배지에서 전엽체의 생육이 가장 왕성하였으며 다수의 장정기가 발달하였다. 또한 배지에 sucrose의 첨가량은 3%가 적절하였으며, 전엽체의 정상적인 증식을 위해 활성탄은 첨가하지 않는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각되었다. 원예용 상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토 등을 이용하여 포자체 형성에 적합한 배양토와 육묘용토를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구의 결과, 생육이 우수한 다수의 포자체를 형성시키기 위해서는 상토 : 피트모스 : 마사토를 1 : 1 : 1(v : v : v)로 혼합하는 것이 효과적이었다. 또한 형성된 포자체들은 50공 플러그 트레이에 상토 : 마사토를 2 : 1(v : v)로 혼합한 토양을 충진하여 육묘하였을 때 지상부의 생육이 왕성하고 뿌리의 발생량도 가장 많았다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2005

2002년에서 2003년까지 경상남도 사천시 와룡산 기슭의 서향 재배포장에서 Phytophthora nicotianae에 의한 서향 역병이 발생하였다. 병징은 잎이 황화되면서 떨어지고 줄기 및 지제부워가 암갈색의 수침상으로 갈변되어 썩으면서 시들어 말라 죽는다. PDA 배지 상에서 균총은 전형적인 장미꽃 또는 거미집 형태를 나타내었고 균사생육은 느렸다. 유주자낭은 구형 또는 난형이며 많은 양의 후막포자를 형성하였으며, 크기는 23~$56{\times}21$~$34\mu\textrm{m}$ 이었다. 유성생식형은 자웅이주이며, 후막포자는 구형이며 크기는 16~$32\mu\textrm{m}$이었다. 난포자는 비충만형으로 크기는 18~$26\mu\textrm{m}$ 이다. 장정기는 저착이며 구형이었다. 균사 생육적온은 25~$30^{\circ}C$ 였다.