• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.457-459
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• 2011

A rare case of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage from newly developed cerebral aneurysm in glioblastoma patient is presented. A 57-year-old man was presented with headache and memory impairment. On the magnetic resonance image and the magnetic resonance angiography, a large enhancing mass was found at right frontal subcortex and intracranial aneurysm was not found. The mass was removed subtotally and revealed as glioblastoma. He took concurrent PCV chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but the mass recurred one month later after radiotherapy. He was then treated with temozolomide for 7 cycles. Three months after the completion of temozolomide therapy, he suffered from a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a rupture of a small de novo aneurysm at distal anterior cerebral artery. He underwent an aneurysm clipping and discharged without neurologic complication.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2011

We present a case of tacrolimus-induced encephalopathy after successful kidney transplantation. An 11-year-old girl presented with sudden onset of neurologic symptoms, hypertension, and psychiatric symptoms, with normal kidney function, after kidney transplantation. The symptoms improved after cessation of tacrolimus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed acute infarction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory in the right frontal lobe. Three days later, she had normal mental function and maintained normal blood pressure with left hemiparesis. Follow-up MRI was performed on D19, showing new infarct lesions at both cerebral hemispheres. Ten days later, MRI showed further improvement, but brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed mild reduction of uptake in both the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left thalamus. One month after onset of symptoms, angiography showed complete resolution of stenosis. However, presenting as a mild fine motor disability of both hands and mild dysarthria, what had been atrophy at both centrum semiovale at 4 months now showed progression to encephalomalacia. There are two points of interest in this case. First, encephalopathy occurred after administration of tacrolimus and improved after discontinuation of the drug. Second, the development of right-side hemiplegia could not be explained by conventional MRI; but through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) of white matter tract, visualization was possible.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2017

Objective : To evaluate the efficacy of balloon guiding catheter (BGC) during thrombectomy in anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Methods : Sixty-two patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke were treated with thrombectomy using a Solitaire stent from 2011 to 2016. Patients were divided into the BGC group (n=24, 39%) and the non-BGC group (n=38, 61%). The number of retrievals, procedure time, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grade, presence of distal emboli, and clinical outcomes at 3 months were evaluated. Results : Successful recanalization was more frequent in BGC than in non-BGC (83% vs. 66%, p=0.13). Distal emboli occurred less in BGC than in non-BGC (23.1% vs. 57.1%, p=0.02). Good clinical outcome was more frequent in BGC than in non-BGC (50% vs. 16%, p=0.03). The multivariate analysis showed that use of BGC was the only independent predictor of good clinical outcome (odds ratio, 5.19 : 95% confidence interval, 1.07-25.11). More patients in BGC were successfully recanalized in internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion with small retrieval numbers (<3) than those in non-BGC (70% vs. 24%, p=0.005). In successfully recanalized ICA occlusion, distal emboli did not occur in BGC, whereas nine patients had distal emboli in non-BGC (0% vs. 75%, p=0.001) and good clinical outcome was superior in BGC than in non-BGC (55.6% vs. 8.3%, p=0.01). Conclusion : A BGC significantly reduces the number of retrievals and the occurrence of distal emboli, thereby resulting in better clinical outcomes in patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke, particularly with ICA occlusion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1555-1562
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• 2000

목 적 : 원위부 전대뇌 동맥에 발생하는 동맥류는 모동맥의 확보가 힘들고 재출혈 및 수술중 조기출혈의 빈도가 높으며, 익숙치 않은 수술적 접근법이 필요하다든지 하는 몇 가지 독특한 문제점이 있다. 따라서 전대뇌 반구간열 주변의 해부학적 구조물과 박리 시작점에 대한 수술전 지식을 요한다. 저자들은 박리 시작점에 대한 일관된 외부표식자를 이용하여 전두 기저부 대뇌반구간열 접근법 수술을 시행하였고 이를 심부 구조물들에 대한 접근 지표로 삼고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 11월부터 1999년 6월까지 동맥류경을 결찰한 총 131명의 뇌동맥류파열 환자 중에서 원위부 전대뇌 동맥류 9명에 대하여 혈관조영술, 의무기록지, 수술소견을 통해 임상적, 수술소견을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 원위부 전대뇌동맥류의 빈도는 6.3%였고, 6례에서 뇌량 연변 동맥이 기시하는 뇌량 주위 동맥에서 발생하였고, 3례에서는 전두극동맥이 기시하는 뇌량 주위 동맥에서 발생하였다. 동반된 다른 혈관기형 및 다른 동맥류는 각각 3예에서 발견되었다. 술전 환자 상태는 일반적으로 불량했다. 조기수술은 7예에서 실시되었으며, 전두 기저부 대뇌반구간열 접근법으로 동맥류 결찰을 시행한 경우도 7예였다. 술후 심한 혈관연축과 흡인성 폐렴으로 인한 사망이 각각 1례씩이었으며 그 이외에는 신경학적 소견은 정상이었다. 결 론 : 원위부 전대뇌 동맥류의 조기수술시에 전두 기저부 대뇌반구간열 접근법이 유용하였다. 이 방법으로 뇌견인을 최소화할 수 있었으며 동맥류의 조기파열을 방지할 수 있었다. 저자들은 대뇌반구 간열의 박리 시작점으로 첫번째 교정맥(전두극 정맥)이 상시상 정맥동으로 유출되는 지점을 기준으로 하여 뇌량 및 뇌량 주변부 원위부 전대뇌동맥류에 접근할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2008

Objective : The objective of this study is to investigate clinical characteristics, management methods and possible causes of intracranial fusiform aneurysm. Methods : Out of a series of 2,458 intracranial aneurysms treated surgically or endovascularly, 22 patients were identified who had discrete fusiform aneurysms. Clinical presentations, locations, treatment methods and possible causes of these aneurysms were analyzed. Results : Ten patients of fusiform aneurysm were presented with hemorrhage, 5 patients with dizziness with/without headache, 4 with ischemic neurologic deficit, and 1 with 6th nerve palsy from mass effect of aneurysm. Two aneurysms were discovered incidentally. Seventeen aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation, other five in the posterior circulation. The most frequent site of fusiform aneurysm was a middle cerebral artery. The aneurysms were treated with clip, and/or wrapping in 7, resection with/without extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass in 6, proximal occlusion with coils with/without EC-IC bypass in 5, EC-IC bypass only in 1 and conservative treatment in 3 patient. We obtained good outcome in 20 out of 22 patients. The possible causes of fusiform aneurysms were regard as dissection in 16, atherosclerosis in 4 and collagen disease or uncertain in 2 cases. Conclusion : There is a subset of cerebral aneurysms with discrete fusiform morphology. Although the dissection or injury of internal elastic lamina of the cerebral vessel is proposed as the underlying cause for most of fusiform aneurysm, more study about pathogenesis of these lesions is required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was intended to examine the effects of electroacupuncture and therapeutic exercise on muscle atrophy and exercise function in an ischemic stroke model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: This study selected 120 Sprangue-Dawley rats, 8-week of age, divided them into six groups, and assigned 5 rats to each group. Experiments were conducted for 1, 3 days, 1, and 8 weeks, respectively. Group I was a group of electroacupuncture and therapeutic exercise after inducing ischemic stroke; Group II was a group of therapeutic exercise after inducing ischemic stroke; Group III was a group of electroacupuncture after inducing ischemic stroke; Group IV was a sham group of electroacupuncture after inducing ischemic stroke; Group V was a control group and Group VI was a sham group without ischemic stroke. In each group, changes in weight of muscle and relative muscle of TA muscle, neurologic motor behavior test, histologic observations were observed and analyzed. Results: For the changes in muscle weight of unaffected and affected sides of TA muscle, muscle atrophy was seen in an affected side 3 days after ischemic stroke was induced. There was statistically significant difference in Group I 1 week and 8 weeks after ischemic stroke was induced, compared to Group V (p<0.05). For the changes in relative muscle weight of unaffected and affected sides of tibial anterior muscle, there was significant decrease in each group 3 days after ischemic stroke was induced, compared to Group IV, while there was statistically significant increase in Group I 1 week after ischemic stroke was induced, compared to Group V (p<0.05). For neuologic exercise behavior test, Group I generally had the highest score, compared to other groups. Conclusion: electroacupuncture and therapeutic exercise may improve muscle atrophy and change in histologic observations expression of ischemic stroke rats and contribute to the improvement of exercise function.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.340-343
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• 1997

대동맥벽내 혈종은 진성 대동맥박리증과 구별되는 질환으로 아직 정확한 예후나 치료지침이 알려져 있지 않다. 저자들은 57세 여자환자에서 상행대동맥에 발생한 대동맥 벽내 혈종 1례를 수술 치험하였다. 환자는 질식감과 함께 심한 전흉부동통이 견갑골간으로 전파되는 것이 주소였다. 술전 흉부 전산화 단층왈영에서 흉부대동맥전체와 복부대동맥 일부의 대동맥 벽내에 초생달 형태의 혈종이 관찰되었고, 내벽의 파열 은 관찰되지 않았다. 저자들은 완전순환정지와 역행성 뇌 순환하에서 상행대동맥 치환술을 시행하였다. 우측관상동맥입구 의 손상이 있었으나 복재정 맥을 이용한 우회문합술로 수술하였다. 환자는술후4주만에 퇴원하였으며, 창상감염, 심낭삼출액 등의 합병증외에는 심각한 합병증은 없었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.676-680
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• 2000

To minimize the period of brain ischemia and the potential for neurologic damage during aortic arch replacement, we used the arch-first technique. First case was a 28-year-old female with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch and descending thoracic aorta. Exposure was obtained via a bilateral via a bilateral thoracotomy (clamshell incision) in the anterior 4th right and 3rd left intercostal space with oblique sternotomy. To prepare for arch perfusion, the side-arm graft(10mm) was anastomosed to the aortic graft, opposite the site of the planned anastomosis to the arch vessels. After completing the arch anastomosis under total circulatory arrest(37min) and retrograde cerebral perfusion(12min), aortic graft was clamped on either side and the arch was perfused via side-arm graft for 36min. When distal aortic anastomosis was finished, distal clamp of aortic graft was released and arch vessels were perfused via common femoral artery, and the proximal aortic anastomosis was accomplished. The patient was discharged with no event. Second case was a 48-year-old male with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch, and aortic regurgitaiton(grade III/IV). This case was also done using the clamshell incision. Aortic valve replacement was done by valved-conduit(Vascutek 30mm), both coronary artery anastomosis using Cabrol's procedure. Last operation procedure was the same as the 1st case.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.815-821
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• 2000

Parasplenial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) are rare vascular malformations which have distinct clinical and anatomical features. They are situated at the confluence of the hippocampus, isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis. These lesions are anterior to the calcarine sulcus and their apex extends towards the medial surface of the trigonum. Posterolaterally, these lesions are in close proximity to the visual cortex and optic radiation. The objectives in the surgery of parasplenial AVMs are complete resection of the lesions and preservation of vision. These objectives must be achieved with comprehensive understanding of the following anatomical features :1) the deep central location of the lesions within eloquent brain tissue ; 2) the lack of cortical representation of the AVMs that requires retraction of visual cortex ; 3) deep arterial supply ; 4) deep venous drainage ; 5) juxtaposition to the choroid plexus with which arterial supply and venous drainage are shared. A 16-year-old female student presented with intraventricular hemorrhage from a right parasplenial-subtrigonal AVM. The lesion, fed by posterior cerebral artery and drained into the vein of Galen, was successfully treated by the inter-hemispheric parietooccipital approach. To avoid visual field defect a small incision was made on precuneus anterior to the calcarine sulcus. In this report, the authors describe a surgical approach with special consideration on preservation of visual field.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.711-716
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• 2001

Objectives : Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography(3D-CTA) is recently developed diagnostic imaging modality. We have studied this noninvasive method for possible role in replacing conventional angiography( CA) in the detection of aneurysms of the circle of Willis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrahge(SAH). Methods : We studied retrospectively, the 100 patients with SAH or unruptured aneurysms admitted to our hospital from October 1997 to December 1998. Among there, 85 patients underwent CTA, 82 patients underwent CA and 67 patients underwent both of CTA and CA. 3D-CTA was obtained using maximum intensity projection(MIP) and shaded-surface display(SSD) reconstruction. Results : Total 107 aneurysms were detected in 92 patients, and 64 aneurysms were detected in 67 patients underwent both CTA and CA. In five cases of those 67 cases, aneurysms were detected by CA but not by 3D-CTA. The detection rate of aneurysms(91.8%) and the detection rate of parent artery in cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms(86.9%) with total 3D-CTA were relatively compatible with that of CA. But 3D-CTA was not enough in detection of posterior communicating artery aneurysms, internal carotid artery aneurysms as well as small sized aneurysm(<3mm). Conclusion : We consider CTA is valuable in as a screening test for cerebral aneurysm and follow-up test. And it is also valuable in early surgery for patients with aneurysmal rebleeding because of simple, quick, non-invasive method.