• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an electrically tilting system based on a null-steering in order to solve the problem of the shadowing loss caused by the mechanically tilted antenna system in mobile services. Especially, we improve the downward shadowing loss by eliminating or moving the vertical beampattern nulls between $-30^{\circ}{\sim}0^{\circ}$ to be able to tilt the downward beampattern between $-10^{\circ}{\sim}0^{\circ}$. The antenna has 14.5 dBi gain and side lobe level (SLL) is lower than -18 dB within downward tilting range. The isolation of polarization is greater than 30 dB when running in electric tilt down to $-10^{\circ}$. To verify this paper, we made the base-station antenna for W-CDMA and beam tilting devices, and verified the performances.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.384-389
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• 2021

An optimal ground station (GS) antenna pattern design method for network-based UAV command and control communication systems considering complexity and performance is presented. The GS antenna consists of multiple side sectors and one upward sector. The antenna gain for each vertical/horizontal angle of the GS antenna according to the change of antenna design parameters such as the number of sectors, horizontal and vertical beam-width, and tilt-angle is modeled, and the effect of the parameter changes on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution in the virtual three-dimensional space is analyzed. It is observed that the tilt-angle of the side sectors has the greatest effect on the performance, and the longer the distance between GSs, the higher the maximum altitude and the smaller the number of side sectors, the tilt-angle should be lower. In addition, it is observed that the wider vertical beam-width of the side sector is advantageous in maximizing the lowest SNR, but narrow vertical beam-width is advantageous in maximizing the average SNR.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.612-619
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• 2016

In this paper, a dual band electrical beam tilting array antenna with bi-directional directivity is designed. Radiating element operates at dual-resonance frequencies and is designed as planar dipole using PCB. In order to tilt the main beam, the phase delay line is designed by use of only the phase shifting line of a $50\Omega$ microstrip line for broadband. The designed antenna has tilting angle of $0^{\circ}$ to ${\pm}8^{\circ}$. For validation of the designed antenna specification, the array antenna is fabricated and the performances are measured. Comparison between theory and experiment shows good agreement.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.278-285
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• 2000

This paper presents the basic characteristics of the beam tilting dipole antenna element in which one reactance element is used for the impedance matching at the feed point. The radiation pattern is tilted by the properly determined driving point position, and the loading reactance is used to obtain forced resonance without great changes in tilt angle. The numerical results demonstrate that the reactance element should be loaded in the region where the driving point is placed to obtain forced resonance of the antenna with little changes in beam tilt angle. In case the proposed forced resonant beam tilting antenna with $0.8\lambda$ length is driven at $0.2\lambda$ from the center, the main beam tilt angle o.5 57.7 degrees, the highest power gain of 8.6 dB are obtained.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.10-15
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• 2007

Small size and low profile antenna for mobile vehicular-top-mounted is needed in satellite communication services such as DBS, Satellite Internet and VSAT. In middle latitudes, the development of an array antenna which has the conformal, low profile and 45 degree beam tilted configuration, and has the high gain with sharp beamwidth, low sidelobe and low loss is required for Ku-band satellite communication. In this paper, in order to meet with these performances, an array antenna consisting of the vertical polarized waveguide longitudinal slots based on the leaky-wave mode of traveling wave antenna is proposed. An array antenna consisting of 16 leaky-wave elements is showing 30 dBi of gain, 4.9 degree of beamwidth, below than -20 dB of sidelobe level, 45 degree of beam tilt angle in center frequency. Feed network designed by waveguide cooperated feed shows good performance of wideband and low loss.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

Small size and low profile antenna for mobile vehicular-top-mounted is needed in satellite communication services such as DBS, Satellite Internet and VSAT. In middle latitudes, the development of an array antenna which has the conformal, low profile and 45 degree beam tilted configuration, and has the high gain with sharp beamwidth, low sidelobe and low loss is required for Ka band satellite communication. In this paper, in order to meet with these performances, an array antenna consisting of the vertical polarized waveguide longitudinal slots based on the leaky-wave mode of traveling wave antenna is proposed. Especially, for the lower sidelobe level the radiation power control using a design method of the different slot width is proposed. An array antenna consisting of 32 leakywave elements is showing 34.4 dBi of gain, 3.6 degree of beamwidth, below than -25 dB of sidelobe level, 43 degree of beam tilt angle in center frequency 20.0 GHz. Feed network designed by waveguide cooperated feed shows good performance of wideband and low loss.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2008

In this paper, we develop the Hipass antenna that is used in electronic tall-gate charging (ETC) system in Korea expressway. This antenna has circular polarized characteristics, and especially has 45 degree tilted beam properties. These properties are very effective in ETC communication between the vehicle antenna and the tall-gate antenna. To achieve these properties on a small microstrip type antenna structure, we propose a annular ring microstrip antenna with stubs. When the length and angle of stubs are changed, the direction of the circular polarized beam is generally tilted by $45^{\circ}$ in elevation angle. Especially, by using the stubs in inner area or outer area of ring antenna, it is found that the beam direction of in azimuth angle can be rotated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.10
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• pp.64-72
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• 1995

In this paper, atmospheric turbulence and absorption under clear weather condition, which affect the optical satellite up-link communication between geo-satellites and earth station, were studied. In case of the up-link communication, the received optical power is weakened by pointing loss caused by beam tilt which is the main effect of turbulent atmosphere. This pointing loss directly has relation to the diameter of optical transmitting antenna. From the inverse proportion of the pointing and spaced loss, it is the regions where the diameter of transmitting antenna increases abruptly and the efficient design of transmitting antenna is impossible. In case of using channel coding, it was shown that the peak value of diameter moved to the lower regions of elevation angle with increasing the coding gain and its width was also decreased. In case of considering both coding gain and transmission rate on the design of transmitting antenna, it was known that more coding gain was necessary as transmission rate was increased.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1419-1424
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• 1998

In phased array antennas that scan elevation, the number of radiator rows is one of the important factors to minimizing both cost and weitht. Therefore, the antenna tilt angles having relation with element spacing are among the improtant design parameters. The exact optimum tilt angles for several types of uniformly and nonuniformly excited arrays are obtained theoretically. Four types of uniform linear arrays and Chebyshev array factors as a nonuniformly excited arrav are considered.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 2019

As satellite communication technology with high efficiency and spatiality evolves, demands of customer for efficient and effective satellite broadcasting services are increasing due to interval reduction of the between satellites, and the limited radio-frequency spectrum resources. Recently, research on antenna that it possible to simultaneously receive multiple signal from various satellites while holding maintain the same number of previous reception channels by using the single reflector has been ongoing. It is necessary to be able to simultaneously receive signals from various satellites in order to maintain the same number of previous reception channels. We suggest a multiband antenna which can be simultaneously and independently receiving Ku band and Ka band satellite broadcasting signals transmitted by three adjacent satellites. We have designed and simulated using commercial design tools TICRA CHAMP and CST MWS to meet the target specifications. It appears that the antenna has -10 dB return loss, and more than 40 dBi directivity gain in Ku band and Ka band respectively.