• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 2004

This study was carried out to estimate net fine root carbon production in Quercus variabilis natural stands in Chungiu area. Soil samples were taken in 0-30cm, 30-60cm, and 60-90cm soil depths from April to November using soil sampler. Fine root carbon biomass was higher in 0-30cm soil depth than the other soil depths. Net fine root carbon production (kg/㏊/yr) were 671kg in 0-30cm soil depth, 599kg in 30-60cm soil depth, and 479kg in 60-90cm soil depth, and 1749kg in 0-90cm soil depth. fine root turnover rates were 0.43 in 0-30cm soil depth, 0.96 in 30-60cmsoil depth, and 1.03 in 60-90cm soil depth. N, p, K, and Mg input into the soil (kg/㏊/yr) due to fine root turnover at 0-90cm soil depth in this study were 33.9kg, 1.8kg, 11.4kg and 20.1kg, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 1983

Seasonal changes of aquatic environmental factors, phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity were investigated in the Jido pond (a phytoplankton proliferating pond) from August 1982 to October 1983. Secchi disc transparency, pH, alkalinity and inorganic nitrogen concentration ranged 24~105cm, 7.5~10.6, 50~175mgCaCO3/l 0.1~4.0mgN/l, respectively. The minimum values of transparency, alkalinity and inorganic nitrogen concentration and the maximum value of pH were obtained during the phytoplankton proliferating season. The phytoplankton biomass changed in the range of 51~1146mgchl/m3 with considerable fluctuations but maintained fairly constant in winter. Themaximum and minimum rates of monthly carbon inflow (net primary production) of the phytoplankton community attained 1190gc/m2 in August 1982 and 68g/m2 in February 1983, respectively. The annual rates of inflow and outflow from August 1982 to July 1983 were 7.384 and 7.396kgc/m2, respectively. Turnover rate of phytoplankton carbon and efficiency of radiation of the phytoplankton community varied in the ranges of 60~130%/day (annual mean, 90%/day) and 0.9~11.2% (annual mean, 6.3%), respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.425-436
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• 2015

The carbon cycle came into the spotlight due to the climate change and forests are well-known for their capacity to store carbon amongst other terrestrial ecosystems. The annual organic carbon of litter production, forest floor litter layer, soil, aboveground and belowground part of plant, standing biomass, net primary production, uptake of organic carbon, soil respiration, etc. were measured in Mt. Worak in order to understand the production and carbon budget of Quercus serrata forest that are widely spread in the central and southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The total amount of organic carbon of Q. serrata forest during the study period (2010-2013) was 130.745 ton C ha^-1. The aboveground part of plant, belowground part of plant, forest floor litter layer, and organic carbon in soil was 50.041, 12.510, 4.075, and 64.119 ton C ha^-1, respectively. The total average of carbon fixation in plants from photosynthesis was 4.935 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1 and organic carbon released from soil respiration to microbial respiration was 3.972 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. As a result, the net ecosystem production of Q. serrata forest estimated from carbon fixation and soil respiration was 0.963 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Therefore, it seems that Q. serrata forest can act as a sink that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon uptake of Q. serrata forest was highest in stem of the plant and the research site had young forest which had many trees with small diameter at breast height (DBH). Consequentially, it seems that active matter production and vigorous carbon dioxide assimilation occurred in Q. serrata forest and these results have proven to be effective for Q. serrata forest to play a role as carbon storage and NEP.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2000

The flora, distribution area, vegetation structure, annual net primary production, and nutrient uptake of the vascular hydrophytes, hygrophytes and mesophytes were investigated in the wetlands of the Asan-Lake, Chungchongnam-do and Kyonggi-do, Korea from March to October in 1997 to reveal the correlation between the plant community and the lake environment. The flora was composed of 38 families, 89 genera, 106 species, 14 varieties or total 120 kinds of the vascular plants. The life from of the hydrophytes were classified as 14 kinds of emergent plants, 5 kinds of submerged plants, and 4 kinds of free-floating plants, respectively. The number of species was various to 4 ∼85 kinds in each site. The dominant species was Zizania latifolia, and the importance values of Zizania latifolia, Typha orientalis, Phragmites communis, and Spirodela polyrhiza were 39.58, 14.90, 13.97, and 7.64, respectively. The distribution area of the emergent hydrophytes, hygrophytes, and mesophytes was 49.3 ㏊ (90.5%), and free-floating plants was 5.2 ㏊ (9.5%), whereas the floating-leaved and submersed plants were rare. Annual net production of the emergent hydrophytes, hygrophytes, and mesophytes was 547.9 ton D.W./yr (98%), and those of the free-floating plants was 10.5 ton D.W./yr (2%), and 558.4 ton D.W./yr in the whole lake ecosystem. The total uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by the vascular plants was 7,099 and 1,891 ㎏/yr in the whole lake ecosystem.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 1971

The sample stand of Pinus rigida plantation was chosen from those at the Choongnam Forest Experiment Station, Choongnam. The diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) of each tree in the sample plot of 200$m^2$ were measured yearly a from 1967 through 1969. The stand was 12.7-13.4cm in mean diameter and had a stand density of 2,150 trees per ha. The trunk, branches and leaves of each sample tree were separately weighed according to the stratified clip technique. The allometric relation between D2H and dry weight of trunk (Ws), branches (Wb) and leaves (Wl) were approximated by $$W_s=0.05917 (D^2H)^{0.837}$$ $$W_0=0.00655 (D^2H)^{0.989 }$$ $$W_l=0.04466(D^2H)^{0.690}$$ From the above, the standing crops in the sample stand was estimated to be as much as 76.7, 81.7 and 88.2 tons of dry matter, above ground, per ha in 1967, 1968 and 1969, respectively. Annual net production, as the sum of the biomass newly produced during one year, was estimated at 4.97-5.47 tons per ha per year. The respiratory and the photosynthetic rate deduced from theoretical calculations were 0.045 and 0.74kg of dry matter per kg per year. Tentative estimate of annual respiratory loss was made and annual gross production was roughly estimated at 4.4-4.7 and 10.7-12.9 tons of dry matter per ha per year. The ratio of respiratory loss to gross production was approximately 36-41:1.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2005

• 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.171-190
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• 2006

Toyota 2005 annual report said Toyota has six consecutive fiscal year positive revenues and record breaking revenues during recent four consecutive years. Net profit is 11% grower than last year. (\11,000,000,000,000). In the spotlight they have record breaking net profit every year, their strongest point is their unique production system which come up with MUDA(waste) free and ongoing improvement activity. Their basic production philosophy is value added through improve production efficiency which can be possible by eliminating MUDA(waste). This basic philosophy's key points are "Just in Time" and "Automation with human". Recently, Korean manufacturing companies and service companies have a growing interest in Toyota Production System. They try to find ways for appling Toyota system to their companies. Through observing Toyota production theory, understand Toyota Production System, Through studying practical application in industrial fields, examine application possibility for Korean industry and more detailed researches are required.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.447-449
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• 2003

Remotely sensed data can be used to estimate biomass production using methodologies relating vegetation indices to light absorption or to leaf photosynthetic capacity. The considerations of both light absorption and photosynthetic capacity in remote sensing-based modeling to estimate biomass production or NPP was introduced based upon Monteith model NPP is one of a evaluation of land degradation. NPP was estimated from annual maximum NDVI by MODIS data. It was known that NPP of the grassland that except the forest and the farming ground was distributed between 50-200g /m2.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.63-69
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• 1979

The plant growth and net production, the nitrogen uptake and recycling, the nitrogen mobility and allocation to each organ, and the nitrogen utility from the Italian rye grass field during the population development were analyzed in comparison with different clipping treatments. The maximum dry matter standing crop and nitrogen quantity of harvest increased significantly, however, the annual amounts of dry matter and nitrogen assimilation showed little variations with increasing clipping frequencies. Plants treated with frequent clippings allocated relatively more nitrogen to leaves and less to roots during the experimental period. The amount of recycling of nitrogen decreased considerably due to frequent clippings. The annual averages of nitrogen utility indices changed in inverse relation to the nitrogen availability; such as 63, 58, 44 and 35 for C, A, M and J plots, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.884-889
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• 2002

This paper was carried out from 15 June to 24 December in 2000 in Lake İznik of Turkey, to determine catch per unit effort (CPUE) and size composition of crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823, captured by fyke-nets of local fishermen. The average CPUE of all size groups was found as 1.65 crayfish/fyke-net/night for fishing season in 2000, but 26.4% of which was below the legal minimum size (crayfish<90 mm). The average CPUE of legal-sized (crayfish$\geq$90 mm) crayfish was 1.10 crayfish/fykenet/night. The annual catch of crayfish was estimated as 2990 tonnes. The length and weight compositions of crayfish captured in the fyke-nets have varied between 60 and 130 mm, and 6 and 71 g, respectively. The mean length and weight were found as 95.5 mm and 28.8 g for all size groups and 100.1 mm and 33.0 g for legal-sized individuals.