• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.142-151
• /
• 2004

Objectives : To document the use and out-of-pocket expenditure of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in Korean adult population. Methods : Nationwide, random-sampled, and population-weighted telephone survey was conducted. The sample size of respondents was 1,000(age over 18). The respondents were asked about their use, out-of pocket expenditure of CAM in the past 12 months. SAS 8.0 statistic package was used for checking the relevance between each variables by performing $x^2-test$ and variance evaluation. Results : In 2001, 64.0% of people experienced more than one alternative therapy and the beneficiary took therapy average figure of 2.07. Alternative therapies were generally used for health promotion(73.7%) rather than curing the disease(26.3%). The most common therapies included Medication(30.2%), Physical-therapy(21.9%) health implements(20.8%), herb medication(19.2%), diet therapy(14.3%) etc. Average annual out-of-pocket expenditure was ￡<192,186. Use varied according to age, living province, income, and education, while cost expenditure did according to sex, health condition, income, education. Conclusions : The use of CAM in Korea is very large and the expenditure for them is 22.6% of national medical expenditure. It shows great need of political and academic approach.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.159-162
• /
• 1994

An ecological skdy of the root-knot nematode, Meioidogyne hapio on medicinal herbs in Eui-sung area was pelformed seasonal occurrence of M hapla on Paeonia iactffiora showed four peaks In a year at the field: early Apnl. mid June, late July, late August. Soil characteristics affected nematode d~shibution and poplation Juvenlle population of the nematode was the highest in sandy and sandy loam sail. The number of the nematode lawae was 10G4-1486 per 300mi of sod wllhin 15cm from the sulfate at P. ioctitiora held. The ncrnatode was distributed even under 50cm.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2010

Eleuthero(Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim.) cortex is well known as a herb medicine for tonic. This study was performed to improve the quality of dried E. senticosus cortex. Investigation of quality factor and contents of efficient compounds under different steaming times and drying methods were performed to determine the proper processing and drying conditions of Eleuthero cortex harvested on March in annual stems. The proper steaming time for peeling bark to make high quality Eleuthero cortex took less than 20 mins. Eleutheroside B and E contents among drying methods were significantly different at 5% level DMRT. The $50^{\circ}C$ heat drying was the most advisable condition for drying, when drying and keeping contents of effective compounds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.345-352
• /
• 2021

Diarthron linifolium Turcz. is an annual herb usually found in sandy soil or limestone areas. Plants in the genus Diarthron are known to have toxic chemicals that may, however, be potentially useful as an anticancer treatment. Diarthron linifolium is a unique species among the species of the genus distributed in Korea. Here, we determine the genetic variation of D. linifolium collected in Korea with a full chloroplast genome and investigate its evolutionary status by means of a phylogenetic analysis. The chloroplast genome of Korean D. linifolium has a total length of 172,644 bp with four subregions; 86,158 bp of large single copy and 2,858 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 41,814 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions. We found that the SSC region of D. linifolium is considerably short but that IRs are relatively long in comparison with other chloroplast genomes. Various simple sequence repeats were identified, and our nucleotide diversity analysis suggested potential marker regions near ndhF. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that D. linifolium from Korea is a sister to the group of Daphne species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2022

An effective pollinator was investigated based on visiting insects to confirm the pollination mechanism of Impatiens furcillata Hemsl. (cheo-jin-mul-bong-seon), an annual herb that is also a species endemic to Korea that has hardly been studied in relation to pollination ecology. The insects that visited the group of I. furcillata studied here consisted of four orders, 11 families, and 16 species; Hymenoptera had seven species (43.8%), Lepidoptera had four (25.0%), Diptera four (25.0%), and Hemiptera one (6.2%). Visiting insects were divided into those that took only nectar, those that took nectar and pollen, and those that took neither. Insects that are effective for pollination are judged considering the length and body type of their mouth parts, and Amegilla florea Smith (huin-jul-beol) is judged to be the most effective pollinator in the survey area. As a result of observing pollination behavior, when visiting a flower, A. florea, which extended its glossa, approached the front, landed on a wing petal of I. furcillata, crawled into the flower tube, and then backed up and reversed its steps, with pollen adhered to its back. The findings here present basic information about species biology related to both I. furcillata and A. florea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.3
• /
• pp.363-372
• /
• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the site and growth characteristics of dominating Cornus controversa in the hardwood stands at Mt. Gariwang and Mt. Joongwang area located in Pyungchang-gun, Kangwon-do. The C. controversa was mainly distributed at the rather steep slope and aspect facing from northeast to northwest, and altitudes ranging from 800 to 1,100m. The C. controversa grew at relatively deep A soil layer with high moisture and nutrients. Major competing species in upper stories were Quercus mongolica, Acer mandshuricum, Salix hulteni, Acer pictum, and herb plants such as Polystichum tripteron, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Meehania urticifolia, Pseudostellaria pahbiniana, Ligularia fischeri, Impatiens noli-tangere, Corydalis speciosa in the floor. The average annual diameter growth of C. controversa according to the altitude was $4.06({\pm}0.90)mm$ below 900m, $2.51({\pm}0.65)mm$ from 900 to 1,000m, $3.28({\pm}0.12)mm$ from 1,000m to 1,100m and $2.81({\pm}0.35)mm$ above 1,100m. Good annual growth was shown at northwest site, but no difference due to micro-topography.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.85 no.2
• /
• pp.260-270
• /
• 1996

Structure and dynamics of Pinus densiflora community in Mt. Kaya were studied to provide the information needed for management of Pinus densiflora forest in the southern inland of Korea. Stratification structure of Pinus densiflora community in the lower and middle slope consisted of tree layer(10~15m), subtree layer(4~10m), shrub layer(1~4m), and herb layer(below 1m), while in the rock zone of ridge and top area consisted of tree layer(7~10m), subtree layer(2~7m), shrub layer(1~2m), and herb layer(below 1m). According to the diameter distribution of tree species in Pinus densiflora community, secondary Pinus densiflora forest will gradually decline. Its forest may be replaced by Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, C. cordata, and Fraxinus rhychophylla in the lower slope, and by Quercus mongolica in the middle slope. Pinus densiflora forest has its seedlings and saplings in ridge and top area, so it may be sustained. By taking cores from Pinus densiflora trees in research area, it could be obtained that in the lower and middle slope, age of Pinus densiflora forest was about 80~90 years old. When the age of its trees was about 72~80 years old, withering trees of standing dead occurred. Disturbance regime of Pinus densiflora community in Mt. Kaya consisted of standing dead, uprooting and limbfall, these were 70.6%, 17.6% and 11.8% respectively. It takes about 100~110 years for advance growth of Pinus densiflora in ridge and top area to reach tree layer. During the period, it has twice chances of disturbance in standing dead. Annual diameter growth of Pinus densiflora was 2.45~2.9mm in the lower and middle slope, while it was 1.75mm in ridge and top region, by measuring cores.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.120-139
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The tendency of experimental studies on the male infertility was analyzed through focusing on domestic theses for a degree to indicate the hereafter direction for its study in oriental herbal medicine. Methods: 35 domestic theses for a degree published after 2003 were analyzed. And theses were classified by year, study design, degree and subjects. Results: The followings are the results of this study. 1. 35 theses were reviewed. 11 master dissertations and 24 doctorate dissertations 2. In the annual publishing tendency, the number of theses began to increase from 2003 and the theses have been published actively from 2005. 3. Classified by study design, 19 in vitro & in vivo and 16 in vitro experimental studies were performed. 4. In the medication and prescription, the studies with single medication were 32, and prescription were 3. In the studies with single medication, four studies on Ginseng Radix (人蔘) were the most. 5. In theses related to single medication, BoYang-Yak was most prefered, followed BoYeum-Yak, BoKi-Yak, SabJung-ChukNyo-JiDae-Yak. 6. Analysed 35 theses by subject, concentrational experiments were 23, periodical experiment were 3, concentrational & periodical experiment was 1. 7. In theses related to herb medication, the themes were Body & testicular weight, sperm parameters, testosterone level, CREM mRNA level & CREM protein, seminiferous tubule and antioxidant activity. 8. Related to herb medication's antioxidant activity efficacy were 7 theses. Conclusions: If there are more diverse studies on medication, prescription, external treatment methods and experiment methods in the future, this will be very helpful for the clinical treatment of male infertility.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2009

The objectives of this study were to analyze vegetation type and stand structure of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in Kangwon northern region for stable and sustainable management forests. The pine forests in study sites were classified into 3 communities, 5 groups, and 2 subgroups, total 7 vegetation units. Species with constance degree of more than 61% were P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Atractylodes japonica, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and Carex humilis. They were showing different characteristics by pattern according to their growing district. In the importance value (I.V.) analysis of each layer, P. densiflora showed highly in tree layer while in other layers Quercus spp. was high. Especially, young P. densiflora tree hardly appeared in the herb layer, but broad-leaved trees and shrub species showed high I.V.. Furthermore, the annual ring growth of P. densiflora was reduced while that of Q. spp. increased. According to analysis of stand structures and annual ring growths, it is considered that appropriate silvicultual practice methods should be employed to remove rival broad-leaved species for maintenance of sustainable red pine forests considering the characteristics of each stand.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2020

Area exclosure is a widely practiced intervention of restoring degraded lands though its impact in sequestering terrestrial and soil carbon is scanty. The study was initiated to investigate the effect of exclosure of different ages on carbon sequestration potential of restoring degraded dryland ecosystems in eastern Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Twelve plots each divided into three layers were randomly selected from 5, 10 and 15 years old exclosures and paired adjacent open grazing land. Tree and shrub biomasses were determined using destructive sampling while herb layer biomass was determined using total harvest. The average total biomass obtained were 13.6, 24.8, 27.1, and 55.5 Mg ha^-1 for open grazing, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years exclosures respectively. The carbon content of plant species ranged between 48 to 53 percent of a dry biomass. The total carbon stored in the 5 years, 10 years and 15 years age exclosures were 39 Mg C ha^-1, 46.3 Mg C ha^-1, and 64.6 Mg C ha^-1 respectively while in the open grazing land the value was 24.7 Mg C ha^-1. Carbon stock is age dependent and increases with age. The difference in total carbon content between exclosures and open grazing land varied between 14.3-40 Mg C ha^-1. Although it is difficult to extrapolate this result for a longer future, the average annual carbon being sequestered in the oldest exclosure was about 2.7 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. In view of improving degraded area and sequestering carbon, area exclosures are promising options.