• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2010

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means "improving ourselves by learning from others', therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. The goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclists participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. One was dominant cyclist (years: 21 yrs, height: 177 cm, mass: 70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist (years: 21, height: 176, mass: 70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al (1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that was devised by Martens et. al (1990) and athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV of ankle joint angle was higher than non-dominant's CV and dominant's pedaling pattern was consistent in biomechanics domain, which the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 보행주기 동안 정상인과 당뇨병성 족부궤양 환자의 족관절 운동역학적 변수와 족관절 근육들의 근활성도에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 당뇨병성 족부궤양이 있는 환자 9명(남자: 6명, 여자: 3명)과 성, 연령, 체중으로 짝짓기(matching)시킨 대조군 9명이었다. 3차원 동작분석기, 힘판, 표면 근전도를 이용하여, 보행주기 동안 족관절의 관절가동범위, 모멘트(moment), 일률(power), 그리고 내측가자미근, 전경골근, 비복근의 근수축 개시시간(onset time)과 종료시간(cessation time)을 측정하였다. 정상군과 비교하여 당뇨병성 족부궤양군의 보행속도는 느렸고, 입각기 기간이 길었으며, 족관절의 가동범위가 적었고, 족관절 최대 족저굴곡 모멘트와 일률이 정상군에서보다 유의하게 낮았다. 보행주기에서 당뇨병성 족부궤양군에서 내측 가자미근과 비복근의 근수축 개시시간은 유의하게 빨랐으며, 전경골근과 비복근의 근수축 종료시간은 유의하게 지연되었다. 당뇨병성 족부궤양 환자군의 족관절 근육에서 동시수축(co-contraction)이 증가되고, 보행속도가 느리며, 입각기 기간이 증가하였다. 이러한 보행특성의 차이는 족부 감각손실에 따른 보행의 안정성을 유지하기 위한 보행전략 때문으로 판단된다. 앞으로 이러한 비정상적인 보행특성이 당뇨병성 족부궤양에서 발생하는 비정상적인 족저부 압력분포과 족부궤양 발생과 어떤 관계가 있는지 알아보는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest a proper tread of stairs using kinematic factors and moments of the lower-limb joints in the stair decent with the 3 different treads with boimechanical method in ergonomics. 9 subjects (body masses; $59.41{\pm}7.49$, $64.03{\pm}6.65$, $67.26:{\pm}7.58$, heights; $160.50{\pm}6.35$ ages; $31.22{\pm}2.99$; parity; $1.67{\pm}0.71$) participated in three experiments that were divided by physiological symptoms (the early (0-15 weeks), middle (16-27 weeks) and last (18-39 weeks). and they walked at self-selected pace on 4 staircases 3 trials. As extending the pregnancy period, cadence was shorter but cycle time were longer more and more. As extending treads of stair decent during pregnancy, speed, stride lengths and cycle time were increased. As extending the treads of stair decent, hip and ankle moments increased but knee moments decreased in sagittal plane. There were increasing or decreasing of moments by means of treads. These changes may account for relation between the treads of stair and moments in pregnant women. The main changes of pregnant women were joint moments and kinematic factors during pregnancy period because pregnancy makes them physical changes. It is possible that joints have connection with compensation each other to maximize stability and to control gait motion. In conclusion, we suggest that the tread of stair is longer than 26cm tread. and exercise programs to improve muscle activity were necessary where joint moments were small.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is body parameters characteristics through posture analysis system of musculoskeletal problem patient Methods : Posture analysis system were performed for 164 patients to measure body parameters such as Q-angle, body inclination, neck inclination, PCMT(posterior cervical muscle tension), Knee flexion and posture balance. Statistical analysis using statistical analysis techniques and Pearson correlation coefficients was performed to assess the body parameters obtained by posture analysis system. Results : More than half of people out of 164 reported low back pain, 34.8% of the total was found to have neck pain. There was not a significant difference between genders from the characteristics of gender based body parameters expect for the statistical difference in Q angle, PCMT. There was a significant correlation between low back pain and multiple response status. There was a significant correlations between knee pain and Q angle. Also There was a significant correlations between pelvic pain and posture balance of ankle. Conclusions : Posture analysis system can be used to perform the analysis in place of X-ray measuring body posture and clinical parameters. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for further research on the clinical application of posture analysis system.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2006

Purpose: To investigate the risk exposure, risk of injury, and injury pattern of football players in seasonal variation. We purposed to expect the injury and its' prevention. Material and Methods: The professional football club(45 players) in Seoul were followed prospectively throughout 2005, January to 2005, December. Injury pattern and incidence were recorded. Results: Total 157 injuries were recorded. Major injuries which could not attend to game and training were 87 cases. Most severe month was June about 16 injuries(18.4%). And, the competitive season injuries were 46(52.9%) in March, April, August and September. Especially, ankle sprain and contusion injuries were common cause of absence in game. And, thigh muscle group injuries had a high risk of reinjury, because of treat insufficiently. Conclusions: We enhance the ability of the soccer team by prevention and education for injuries, especially in season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2015

PURPOSE: Low-intensity exercise with transient restriction of blood flow to muscle could be an alternative rehabilitation method which avoids the problems associated with conventional high-intensity exercise. However, the mechanism of low-intensity exercise with transient restriction of blood flow is not clearly known. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of improvement of muscular function after low-intensity exercise with transient restriction of blood flow using H-reflex analysis. METHODS: Twenty one healthy young adults with no medical history of neurological or musculoskeletal disorder voluntarily participated in this study. The ${\alpha}$-motor neuron excitability of the triceps surae was assessed using the H-reflex. The amplitude of the M-wave and H-reflex were measured across three conditions: rest, after low-intensity exercise without restriction of blood flow and after low-intensity exercise with restriction of blood flow. The subjects performed low-intensity ankle plantar flexion exercise at their own pace for one minute without or with transient restriction of blood flow achieved by a sphygmomanometer cuff on popliteal fossa at a pressure of 120mm of mercury(120 mmHg). RESULTS: No significant changes of the excitability of the ${\alpha}$-motor neuron were obtained across three different conditions. CONCLUSION: This study found that low-intensity exercise with transient restriction of blood flow did not influence to ${\alpha}$-motor neuron excitability of the triceps surae. From the results, I could come to the conclusion that further study will be required.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.575-583
• /
• 2013

Background The aim of lower-extremity reconstruction has focused on wound coverage and functional recovery. However, there are limitations in the use of a local flap in cases of extensive defects of the lower-extremities. Therefore, free flap is a useful option in lower-extremity reconstruction. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 49 patients (52 cases) who underwent lower-extremity reconstruction at our institution during a 10-year period. In these patients, we evaluated causes and sites of defects, types of flaps, recipient vessels, types of anastomosis, survival rate, and complications. Results There were 42 men and 10 women with a mean age of 32.7 years (range, 3-72 years). The sites of defects included the dorsum of the foot (19), pretibial area (17), ankle (7), heel (5) and other sites (4). The types of free flap included latissimus dorsi muscle flap (10), scapular fascial flap (6), anterolateral thigh flap (6), and other flaps (30). There were four cases of vascular complications, out of which two flaps survived after intervention. The overall survival of the flaps was 96.2% (50/52). There were 19 cases of other complications at recipient sites such as partial graft loss (8), partial flap necrosis (6) and infection (5). However, these complications were not notable and were resolved with skin grafts. Conclusions The free flap is an effective method of lower-extremity reconstruction. Good outcomes can be achieved with complete debridement and the selection of appropriate recipient vessels and flaps according to the recipient site.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of Paraffin Therapy on release of pain, skin temperature and range of motion with joint diseases. This study was performed on 42 patients with general joint diseases and 21 patients with degenerative joint diseases. All the subjects were randomly assigned to three groups with 21 each. The experiment had been done from June, 1. 2002 to September, 30. 2002, in two general hospitals and a social welfare center using Digital Thermometer Kane-May KM330 and VAS(visual analogue scale). Each pint was measured in terms of skin temperature, pain scale and ROM(range of motion). The results of the experiment are as follows : 1. In application of three different heat modalities (Paraffin bath, Infra red, Hydro pack) on the Knee, Ankle, Elbow pints of the subjects for 30 minutes, the elevation of skin temperature and the reduction of pain scale were found to be significantly different. When checked right after the 30 minutes' application, the Infra red resulted in a higher degree elevation of skin temperature than two other modalities, while Paraffin bath resulted in the highest degree of the elevation of skin temperature when it was checked one hour after the application was over. It means that Paraffin bath lasted longer than the other two modalities(F=14.691, p<.000). 2. With Paraffin bath application, pint pain was reduced significantly both in 30 minutes and one hour checks(F=20.675, p<.001). 3. In terms of ROM(range of motion) increase, didn't seem to have any significant differences in 30 minutes and one hour. The results suggest that Paraffin therapy be helpful in maximizing th effects on pint diseases. I strongly suggest that further studies be done on other pints and muscle diseases using Paraffin bath in different methods of applying the therapy.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.671-681
• /
• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the workload level at each lower limbs posture and suggest the ergonomic workstation guideline for working period by evaluating the imbalanced lower limbs postures from the physiological and psychophysical points of view. Background: Many workers like welders are working in various imbalanced lower limbs postures either due to the narrow working conditions or other environmental conditions. Method: Ten male subjects participated in this experiment. Subjects were asked to maintain 3 different lower limbs postures(standing, squatting and bending) with 3 different working conditions(balanced floor with no scaffold, imbalanced floor with 10cm height of scaffold, and imbalanced floor with 20cm height of scaffold). EMG data for the 4 muscle groups(Retus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius) from each lower limbs posture were collected for 20 seconds every 2 minutes during the 8 minutes sustaining task. Subjects were also asked to report their discomfort ratings of body parts such as waist, upper legs, lower legs, and ankle. Results: The ANOVA results showed that the EMG root mean square(RMS) values and the discomfort ratings(CR-10 Rating Scale) were significantly affected by lower limbs postures and working time(p<0.05). The correlation was analyzed between the EMG data and the discomfort ratings. Also, prediction models for the discomfort rating for each posture were developed using physical condition, working time, and scaffold height. Conclusion: We strongly recommend that one should not work more than 6 minutes in a standing or squatting postures and should not work more than 4 minutes in a bending posture. Application: The results of this study could be used to design and assess working environments and methods. Furthermore, these results could be used to suggest ergonomic guidelines for the lower limbs postures such as squatting and bending in the working fields in order to prevent fatigue and pain in the lower limbs body.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.9
• /
• pp.3834-3842
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic characteristics of children with Down syndrome got congenitally joint laxity and muscle hypotonic. The subjects are boys with Down syndrome and don't have the other disabilities. We got three dimensional position data and then calculated spatiotemporal and kinematic variables during walking on treadmill used increasingly for gait analysis and training. In result, in order to overcome their gait instability due to their musculoskeletal characteristics they walked with hip, knee and ankle joints more flexed than the typical gait pattern, and on the propulsion phase they extend the lower limb joints less than the typical, result in propel the body less than. The reason is that the more is the propulsion by extending the joints, the greater is the reaction force from the ground on heel contact. This result is expected to be used to develop the training program for intensification of musculoskeletal system aim to improve the other musculoskeletal disabilities as well as Down syndrome.