• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1259-1260
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• 2022

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

Rumen cannulation is used for nutritional and microbiological research, clinical diagnosis, and rumen component transfaunation. However, the cannulation procedure can affect parameters such as complete blood count findings, serum chemistry, and rumen fluid pH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health risks related to the rumen cannulation procedure over a 1-month period. We did not identify significant differences in red blood cell numbers or morphologies between pre- and postoperative timepoints. Moreover, no inflammation or infection was detected. Despite the absence of apparent clinical signs after surgery, serum chemistry results revealed changes in blood urea nitrogen levels and the activities of liver enzymes, including aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase, from postoperative days 1 to 14. Rumen fluid pH, as measured from samples collected via an orogastric tube, was slightly increased after a preoperative fasting period and on postoperative day 1 but decreased thereafter from postoperative day 4, indicating a minor influence of cannulation surgery on ruminal fluid pH. This is the first study to evaluate hematological parameters and rumen pH before and after rumen cannulation surgery in Hanwoo cattle. Further research is required to better elucidate the potential effects of rumen cannulation surgery on animal health.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.142-146
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• 2009

In this study cadmium content of sorghum hybrid (Sorghum bicolor) was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer at different burner heights (3, 6, 9 mm). We considered the 6 mm burner height condition favorable among the three. The mean Cd content of each treatment are as follows: Alum+NPK, 1.90 mg/kg; Control, 3.14 mg/kg; Compost, 3.35 mg/kg; and Compost+NPK, 4.23 mg/kg.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2022

Salmonella is a pathogenic bacterium that has long been important industrially because it has a wide host range and can be transmitted to humans through direct contact as well as indirect contact such as food contaminated with animal waste. Understanding how to reduce Salmonella contamination in pig farms is important for public health and the livestock industry from an economic perspective. In the swine industry, high concentrations of disinfectants have been applied because it is difficult to effectively control Salmonella in environments contaminated with organic substances. In order to evaluate the synergetic effect of disinfectants, the efficacy of two commercial disinfectants diluted in hard water and microbubble water (MBW) were compared under the laboratory condition. Different concentrations of both disinfectants combined with 1% detergent diluted in the two diluents were evaluated for their antibacterial effect. In the case of monopersulfate-based disinfectant groups, the growth of Salmonella was not observed at 1:200 dilution with both the hard water and MBW combined with 1% detergent. In the case of citric acid-based disinfectant, the bacterial growth was not observed at 1:800 dilution with MBW combined with 1% detergent. Our results show that the use of MBW as a diluent might improve the biological activities of acid-based disinfectant.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2024

Bovine dermatophytosis is a highly contagious disease that adversely affects animal growth and reduces meat and milk production. Nutritional deficiencies and immune status are suspected risk factors, but their roles remain unclear. This study investigates the association between trace minerals, vitamins, serum biochemical parameters, and immune-related cytokines with bovine dermatophytosis. Forty calves aged 6~7 months were selected and raised together on the same farm. They were divided into two groups: the control group (n=20) and the infected group (n=20). Serum was collected and analyzed for serum trace minerals, vitamins, biochemical parameters, and cytokine levels. Trichophyton verrucousm was isolated from infected calves. The infected calves had significantly lower zinc (P<0.001) and vitamin E (P=0.02) levels and significantly higher interleukin (IL)-6 (P=0.014) and IL-17A (P=0.018) levels. Regarding serum biochemical parameters, glucose (P=0.008) and total bilirubin (P=0.003) levels were significantly higher in the infected calves than in healthy ones. Hyperglobulinemia and high alkaline phosphatase levels were observed in the infected calves, without statistical significance. Our findings suggest the necessity of considering nutritional elements such as zinc and vitamin E for the prevention and treatment of bovine dermatophytosis. Additionally, the observed changes in immune and serum biochemistry factors post-infection may provide a foundation for future research on the host's biological responses to infection.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.266-278
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• 2024

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a complex, multifaceted global health issue that poses a serious threat to livestock, humans, and the surrounding environment. It entails several elements and numerous potential transmission routes and vehicles that contribute to its development and spread, making it a challenging issue to address. AR is regarded as an One Health issue, as it has been found that livestock, human, and environmental components, all three domains are interconnected, opening up channels for transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). AR has turned out to be a critical problem mainly because of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, with the anticipation of 10 million annual AR-associated deaths by 2050. The fact that infectious diseases induced by ARB are no longer treatable with antibiotics foreshadows an uncertain future in the context of health care. Hence, the One Health approach should be emphasized to reduce the impact of AR on livestock, humans, and the environment, ensuring the longevity of the efficacy of both current and prospective antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.6
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• 2021

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection. We investigated antigen and antibody of EP in horses in the Republic of Korea during 2016-2017. Antigen and antibody of T. equi was detected 0.06% (1/1,650). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA revealed that the T. equi was highly homologous with the strains from China, Mongolia, and Spain. Two Theileria spp. were also detected and highly homologous with T. buffeli, T. luwenshuni, and T. orientalis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2020

The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.1021-1033
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• 2024

Exosomes have been extensively studied as disease biomarker in humans, given their role in transporting bioactive molecules. However, despite the great potential of exosomes as noninvasive diagnostic markers and therapeutic nanocarriers for bovine diseases, few studies have been conducted on bovine exosome. Thus, this study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively compare three isolation methods to identify a suitable method for bovine serum. Exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation alone (UC), a combination of ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography (US), or membrane affinity-based exoEasy kit (EE). Isolated particles were evaluated using a range of complementary techniques. Transmission electron microscopy showed that all three isolation methods resulted in particles with a cup-shaped morphology. The particle concentration measured by nanoparticle trafficking analyzer of US was lower compared to those of UC and EE method. As a result of immunoblotting, exosome markers including TSG101, CD81, and HSP70 were detected in US particles, while in UC and EE, only TSG101 expression was confirmed. Particles isolated from UC and EE showed a contamination with the blood protein albumin, whereas particles from US did not show albumin contamination. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of using exosomes as biomarkers, the profiles of the small RNA in the exosomes were compared using the bioanalyzer 2100. As a result, in the EE method, the band of small RNA (25-200 nt) was most prominent, and in the US methods, a distinct band was observed in the small RNA range. Collectively, the purity of exosomes without non-exosomal contamination was highest in the US method. However, for the detection of small RNA, the EE method was found to be the most suitable. Therefore, the results suggest that the optimal isolation method varies depending on the specific purpose of exosome isolation.