• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2013

Local pain management is the most critical aspect of patient care in dentistry. Local anesthesia is a reversible blockade of nerve conduction in an applied area that produces loss of sensation. The chemical agents used to produce local anesthesia stabilize neuronal membranes by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the propagation of neural impulses. Proper local anesthesia permits the dental surgeon to perform the necessary surgical procedure in a careful, gentle fashion that will be less stressful for both the operator and the patient. The improvements in agents for local anesthesia are probably the most significant advances that have occurred in dental science. Today's anesthetics are safe, effective, and can be administered with insignificant soft tissue damage and minimal concerns for allergic reactions. This article reviews the widely used local anesthetic agents for obtaining local anesthesia, and also discusses some frequently seen complications.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2024

Effective pain management is crucial for the successful performance of various endodontic procedures. Painless treatments are made possible by anesthetizing the tooth to be treated using various nerve-block techniques. However, certain circumstances necessitate supplemental anesthetic techniques to achieve profound anesthesia, especially in situations involving a "hot tooth" in which intrapulpal anesthesia (IPA) is employed. IPA is a technique that involves the injection of an anesthetic solution directly into the pulp tissue and is often utilized as the last resort when all other anesthetic techniques have been unsuccessful in achieving complete pulpal anesthesia. This review focuses on the IPA procedure and the factors that influence its success. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, disadvantages, and future directions of IPA are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.1 no.1 s.1
• /
• pp.5-9
• /
• 2001

Day stay anesthesia should include: rapid smooth onset; rapid recovery without residual side effects; absence of adverse effects (N/V); and providing postoperative analgesia. General anesthesia with multi-modalities (inhalation, intravenous and local anesthesia) may be preferable in day stay surgery. Future studies on new drugs and techniques for day stay anesthesia need comparing the increased coat of newer treatments with the potential financial savings resulting from earlier hospital discharge, reduced supplemental drugs, and earlier return to work.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.128-131
• /
• 1994

Recently we performed video-assisted thoracoscopic[VAT] examination and bullectomy under local anesthesia. Of the 10 patients undergoing VAT examination under local anesthesia with primary spontaneous pneumothorax, 8 patients underwent VAT bullectomy under local anesthesia using endo-GIA; 7 patients discharged within 24 hours after operation; 1 patient had an air leak after operation, so chemical pleurodesis with doxycycline was performed and discharged postoperative day 3. There have been no recurrence to date[60-120 days after operation]. We think spontaneous pneumothorax can be treated on an out-patient basis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.2460-2470
• /
• 2009

In this study, the parameter extraction for evaluation of the anesthesia depth in each anesthesia stages was conducted. An object of the this experiment study has studied 5 adult patients (mean $\pm$ SD age:$42{\pm}9.13$), ASA classification I and II, undergoing surgery of obstetrics and gynecology. Anaesthesia was maintained with Enflurane. HRV signal was created by R-peak detection algorithm form ECG signal. The HRV data were preprocessing algorithm. It has tried find out the anesthesia parameter which responds the anesthesia events and shows objective anesthesia depth according to anesthesia stage including pre-anesthesia, induction, maintenance, awake and post-anesthesia. In this study, proposed algorithm to analysis the HRV(heart rate variability) signal using wavelet transform in anesthesia stage. Three sorts of wavelet functions applied to PSD. In the result, all of the results were showed similarly. But experiment results of Daubeches 10 is better. Therefore, this parameter is the best parameter in the evaluation of anesthesia stage.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to extract and analyze the biosignals to find the relationship between the level of anesthesia and the variations of physiological parameters during epidural anesthesia. Seven male and twenty female patients(ages from 45 to 70 years old) were participated for the experiment, and ECGs, PPGs, SKTs, SCRs were obtained during anesthesia. As results, the HF/LF ratios of HRV were decreased after the injection anesthetics. For skin temperatures, values measured from the palm was reduced and the temperatures from four channels, measured from armpit through the right side of the body, were increased. SCRs were decreased for all channels after the injection of anesthetics. However the heart rate and PPGs showed no significant changes. It was concluded that the injection of anesthetics result the changes in biosignals, and it could be explained by the degree of the sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nerve activities. Results of this study could provide the valuable information for the estimation of level for the spinal and general anesthesia, and could be extended to the development of a system which could quantify the level of anesthesia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.432-439
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nursing workload associated with patient and anesthetic factors in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU). Method: The data used in this study were collected from February 26th, 2008 to May 16th, 2008. The subjects were 828patients and collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Results: It was found that there were statistical differences in gender, age, past history, type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, type of surgery. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 25 for below 17 years, and 27.5 for above 61 years. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 27 for general anesthesia, and 16 for regional anesthesia. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 29 for orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery, and 23 for ophthalmology. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 24.6 for below 1hour in duration of anesthesia, and 27.5 for above 2hours in duration of anesthesia. Conclusion: This study was carried out to examine nursing workload in the PACU. The results from this study will be help to improve nursing in PACU through efficient distribution of nursing workload in PACU.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.311-314
• /
• 2001

To elucidate the effect of dorsal acupoints for canine electroacupuncture anesthesia, mongrel dogs(6 heads: 2.6-10.5kg, 3 males and 3 females) were used. After needling perpendicularly to Tian-Ping(GV-5) and Bai-Hui(GV-20), the electrodes were connected with positive to Tian-Ping and negative to Bi-hui, respectively using with veterinary electroacupuncture apparatus(TEC AM-3000). The electric conditions were 2-4V and 30 Hz. The pain of body surface was checked by hemostatic forceps. The effect of electroacupuncture andesthesia was appreciated by application of laparotomy(2 heads), ear trimming and tail amputation(1 head), castration(2 heads) and enterotomy(1 head), respectively. Induction time, clinical findings and operation findings were investigated under the electroacupuncture anesthesia. The induction time of electroacupuncture anesthesia was very rapid, approximately 1 minute and the pain of body surface including the extremities was not detected. As for clinical findings during electroacupuncture anesthesia, consciousness was evident, pupil reflex was weak and blepharoreaction was existed. As for operation findings, pain was not detected during incision and suture, and bleeding was relatively small volume. The grade of electroacupuncture anesthesia was excellent in all cases applied with ear trimming and tail amputation, laparatomy, castration and enterotomy. Considering above all findings, it was thought that electroacupuncture stimulation at Tian-Ping and Bai-hui examined in the present study induced excellent electroacupuncture anesthesia for dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.259-263
• /
• 2005

To compare cardiopulmonary effects and recovery between total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol (PRO group, n=5) and volatile induction/maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) with isoflurane (ISO group, n=5), we investigated changes of heart rate, $SpO_2$, arterial pressure, rectal temperature and respiratory rate during 60 minute anesthesia and 40 minute recovery period in beagle dogs, and investigated recovery (extubation, head lift, sternal position and righting) after 60 minute anesthesia. Rectal temperature was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) from 10 to 100 minute. Heart rate was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) at 40, 50, 60 minute. Respiratory rate was significantly low in PRO group (p<0.05) at induction and 70 minute. $SpO_2$ tendency was similar. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) at induction and during anesthesia. Recovery was similar in two groups. We concluded that TIVA with propofol is useful in stabilizing rectal temperature and arterial pressure during anesthesia and provide fast and stable recovery.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to determine how precooling reduces the subjective reported pain and objective pain and to evaluate the effectiveness of precooling the injection site before administration of local anesthesia in children. Electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid SP, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for publications from 1980 to 2020. Studies were screened for titles and abstracts, followed by full-text evaluation of included reports. Six studies were included in this systematic review. The primary outcome evaluated was the pain perception or the subjective pain reported by the child receiving the injection. The secondary outcome evaluated was objective pain evaluated in each study. Among 5 studies that evaluated child reported pain scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS), 4 studies reported lower scores in the precooling group and one study reported a higher VAS score in the precooling group than in children treated with 20% benzocaine topical anesthesia. Among 6 studies that evaluated the pain reaction of children by Sound Eye Motor (SEM) score, 4 studies reported a lower SEM score in the precooling group, one study reported no significant difference between the precooling and control groups, and one study reported higher SEM scores in the precooling group than in children treated with 20% benzocaine topical anesthesia. Within the limits of this systematic review, evidence suggests that precooling the injection site with ice can be an effective adjunct to topical anesthesia in reducing both subjective and objective pain during local anesthesia administration in children.