• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.1 s.97
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology for preparing high-quality, hot water extracts from cultivated Chrysanthemum indicum L. petals. A fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the effects of added sample ratio ($X_1$), extraction temperature ($X_2$) and extraction time ($X_3$) variables on extract properties, such as, soluble solid contents ($Y_1$), sugar content ($Y_2$), ?E ($Y_3$), turbidity ($Y_4$), total phenol ($Y_5$) and DPPH ($Y_6$). Second-order models were employed to generate a 3-dimensional response surface for dependent variables and their coefficients of determination ($R^2$) ranged from 0.8408${\sim}$0.9914. The range of optimum conditions at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction for maximize characteristics of hot water extracts was 2.3${\sim}$2.7 g and 9.2${\sim}$11.2 hr.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-24
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• 2011

Superconducting high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) has advantages to treat wastewater because it can generate high magnetic field and achieve rapid purification. In this study superconducting HGMS was applied to remove impurities from the condenser water in thermal power plant. The condenser water contained mainly hematite and maghemite and it was highly magnetized than hematite. In the HGMS tests using a 6-T cryo-cooled Nb-Ti superconducting magnet, the turbidity of the condenser water was effectively reduced up to 99.6% and the result showed better performance than that of the 0.5-T permanent magnet test. The higher magnetic field was applied in the range of 1-6T, the more iron oxides were removed. The effect of magnetic filter configuration on the condenser water treatment was also investigated. Consequently superconducting HGMS system can be applicable to remove iron oxide impurities from condenser water in thermal power plant.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.278-289
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• 2012

This study investigated the quality characteristics of $Jajang$ noodles with added spinach (20%, 30% and 50% based on water). Significant increases ($p$<0.05) were found in cooked weight, water absorption of cooked noodles, turbidity of soup, while soup volume did not changed in proportion to the addition of spinach. Decrease of L and a values and an increase of b values were shown with the increase of spinach concentration. For textural properties, hardness was the lowest in 50% spinach noodles and the highest in 20% spinach noodles. The cohesiveness and springiness values of 20% and 30% spinach noodles were superior to those of the control, but a rise in spinach concentration (50%) lead to a reduction these values. In a sensory evaluation, the most acceptable sample was the 30% spinach noodle sample. These results suggest an addition of 30% spinach is suitable for spinach $Jajang$ noodle processing.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.489-499
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• 2015

In this work, treatment of real hypersaline refinery wastewater by hollow fiber membrane bioreactor coupled with reverse osmosis unit was studied. The ability of HF-MBR and RO developed in this work, was evaluated through examination of the effluent properties under various operating conditions including hydraulic retention time and flux. Arak refinery wastewater was employed as influent of the bioreactor which consists of an immersed ultrafiltation membrane. The HF-MBR/RO was run for 6 months. Average elimination performance of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, total dissolved soild and turbidity were obtained 82%, 89%, 98%, 99%, 99% and 98% respectively. Highly removal performance of oily contaminant, TDS and the complete retention of suspends solids implies good potential of the HF-MBR/RO system for wastewater refinement.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.331-341
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• 2015

In this paper, real-time water quality monitoring system of small water supply facilities based on IEEE 802.15.4e-2012 DSME MAC and IEEE 802.15.4g-2012 PHY standard is presented, which is capable to acquire for highly reliable water quality information in the wide outdoor areas for effective water quality management of small water quality facilities is distributed in the long distance and remote areas. Previously, Long distance transmission is difficult in most water quality sensor module is using RS-485 protocol. But with this system, even in harsh outdoor environment, it is possible to establish a radio wave sensor in a wide area network, and not only water quality sensor shall be connected to the wireless system, but also wireless integrated management system shall provide more effective way of management of the numerous small water supply facilities spread throughout the community, so that the administrator can remotely monitor the data of water turbidity, pH, residual chlorine in the water-supply, water-level, and generate alarm to cope with risks. The management of small water facilities is done by residents will be very effective to notice water quality information of small water facilities to residents.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2008

All over the world, the existing process of water purification needs more flocculants and chlorine due to a gradual decline in the quality of source water. Therefore, the problem of the remaining aluminium and DBPs in purified water is on the rise. To solve this problem, the process of membrane filter has recently come into the spotight. This study reaches the following conclusions concerning TMP variation in order to solve the dropping of flux throgh a membrane filter when operating a membrane filter system in the process of water purification. 1. In case that a cohesion-precipitation process was introduced to pre-treatment of a membrane filter, initial TMP was very satisfactory(0.27kg/cm) in producing the constantly safe quality of water, $0.04{\sim}0.1$(mean 0.05) NTU by pouring 2mg/l of PACI(10% $Al_2O_3$) used for the existing process of water purification in high-density turbidity at a dry or flood season and at occurrence of high algae. 2. As flux increased at 0.5m/day.m, TMP increased 0.05 kgf/cm. 3. As filtering, operation mode of PVDF MF membrane filtering was 48 minutes and 1 cycle of back washing was 42 minutes, flux was increased 1.5m/day.m and TMP increased $0.25{\sim}0.27kgf/cm$. Without back washing, TMP increased 0.03 kgf/cm per a cycle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.641-648
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• 2013

Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water is severe problem for about 100 million people who live in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, India, Vietnam, Myanmar, Mongolia, and Ethiopia etc. Chronic doses cause skin cancer, blackfoot disease, and cardiac damage. Even though the biosand filter (BSF) is popular in many developing countries, it could not remove effectively hazardous ions as As. Adsorbent is effective and feasible to reduce As. In this study the improved biosand filter (iBSF) was embedded with adsorbent, was tested to evaluate As removal as well as organic removal. In 20 days removal of turbidity, bacteria, and $UV_{254}$ have shown 60-95 % removal. Arsenic was removed more than 99.9 % in the columns embedded with silica oxides of ferric manganese ($FM{\alpha}$) while 5.8 ~ 38.3 % in columns without $FM{\alpha}$. Isotherm test showed that average amount of the adsorbed arsenic on the oxides was 0.56 mg/G.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.424-428
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• 1999

The performance of a 30K polysulfone membrane for clarification of depectinized peach juice was studied Ultrafiltration of peach juice could minimize to loss of flavor and many compounds and was expected to effectively remove precipitation and suspended solid. The results showed that permeate flux increased with the increase of operating pressure and temperature. The permeate flux declined continuously as the process time increased. The values of soluble solid and titratable acidity of permeate were decreased or were at the same level, the turbidity was largely decreased. Total resistance decreased with lower temperature and lower pressure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3B
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• pp.355-361
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• 2008

A water quality analysis of rainwater collected from catchment equipment ($2m{\times}1m$) was conducted to determine its suitability for domestic purposes, in this study. As the results of analysis, the pH of rainwater was $6.3{\pm}0.3$, and the turbidity of rainwater was over the 5 times than drinking water guidelines. For the usage of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water, the rainwater is need to treat. The analysis values of heavy metal as the Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, ${Cr_6}^+$ and Cu was satisfied with drinking guidelines. Rainwater quality was improved in the rainfall duration. Overall results of analysis support the possibility of rainwater as the domestic and drinking water.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.513-521
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• 2000

Intermittently aerated activated sludge process was applied as a water reuse process of $70m^3/day$ for the upgrade of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and clarifier performance. After application of the intermittently aeration, removal efficiency of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were achieved 95%, 90%, 80% and 60%, respectively. Removal efficiencies in intermittently aerated process were considerably increased. comparing to those of continuously aerated activated sludge process. Also sludge rising problem in clarifier was improved. Average concentration of supplied reusing water were BOD 5 mg/L, turbidity 4 NTU and after chlorination, residual chlorine 0.4 mg/L, coliform 0 MPN/100mL. Intermittently aerated activated sludge process could be one of the best alternative process for the retrofit of conventional activated sludge process for the removal of nutrient in water reuse system.