• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.226-236
• /
• 2001

Objects : To evaluate clinical efficiency of The A-Shi point for the herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods : The patients who had a diagnosis of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc by lumber CT and MRI, and were observed from the twentieth March 2000 to the tenth Novemsber 2000, were divided into two classes ; the "A" group was 15 cases practiced with Acupuncture treatment used of A-Shi point and the twelve-Meridian, the "B"group 15cases only Acupuncture treatment used of twelve-Meridian, Results : the most type of low back pain was, the Gall bladder channel of Foot-souyang 15 cases (50%) and the Gall-Bladder Meridian Muscle was 45 cases the most in the existence part of A-Shi point On the result of treatment due to clinical symptoms, the "A" group was 57.9% as excellent and "B" group 19.8%. On the measurement of Lumber flexion, the "A" group proceed more excellent result than the "B group at the whole grade. Conclusion : These results suggest that The A-shi point was effective treatment of herniated intervertebral disc.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.22
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study is to report the effect of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture on two patients suffering from the pain of popliteal part. Methods : We treated the patients with the pain of popliteal part by acupuncture according to meridian(Taeyang and Soyang-Meridian), and we injected 0.1${\sim}$0.2cc of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture to his pain site. And then we evaluated their pain by VAS(Visual Analog Scale). Results : 1. A combined treatment-Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture and Acupucture- had a very excellent effect on relieving pain of popliteal part originated from trigger point and referred pain of Popliteus or Biceps Femoris. 2. It appears that Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture is very effective against trigger point of muscle and pain site fixed.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.27-30
• /
• 2013

Diagnostic evaluation methods frequently adopted in Temporomandibular Balancing Medicine (TBM) are briefly reviewed as to their basic concepts and procedures. TBM diagnostic evaluation methods may be classified into direct and indirect ones. Indirect methods are to observe any change in the manifestations with regard to the (1) posture, (2) pain, (3) muscle strength, and (4) stretching. Direct methods are to evaluate through (1) cervical palpation test, (2) restricted cervical rotation test, and (3) lateral cervical tension test. These methods may provide clinicians valuable information on the current yinyang balance and potential therapeutic factors in relation with the temporomandibular joint, a meridian system, and the whole body.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a muscle function path analysis of muscle function on myofascial meridians. Method: Seven male students (mean age: $22{\pm}3.46years$; mean mass: $72.71{\pm}8.19kg$; mean height: $174{\pm}4.39cm$) without a history of musculoskeletal system symptoms or injuries were recruited for this study. The measurement muscle of the myofascial line was selected along with the muscle presented in "anatomy trains (Thomas W. Myers. 2014)", and the attachment of the surface EMG (Telemyo 2400T G2, USA) pad was determined according to "EMG analysis (Kim Tae Wan et al., 2013)". The subjects underwent maximum volumetric contraction of their fascia line end muscles three times in lying and standing postures and were subjected to the maximum number of contractions of the myofascial line muscle three times in the lying and standing postures. The sampling rate of the EMG signal was set to 1,000 Hz, and the bandwidth was 20 to 350 Hz. The activity of each muscle was quantitated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results: In myofascial meridians, a positive correlation in the myofascial connection and a negative correlation in the mechanical connection were observed. Conclusion: Muscles that show significant contract correlations with one another may be expected to be used as an effective clinical marker in muscle strengthening or relaxation therapy, and rehabilitative training. In this study, the correlation of total myofascial meridians may differ without consideration of functional posture. Future studies need to consider these points.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Fire needling has been applied as the treatment for various diseases and been getting much attention from Oriental medicine due to its excellent effectiveness as the results of clinical studies have reported. However, the research findings on the safety of treatment method, materials for the Fire needling needle materials and the possibility of burn injury during the procedure are still insufficient. Methods : A thermo imaging camera was used to confirm the temperature distribution on acupuncture needle and the treatment area during the fire needling therapy. Then the degree of thermal injury was observed by H&E stain and TUNEL assay. In addition, in order to assess the safety of acupuncture materials, we conducted MTT assay using a L6 cell line. Results : The average temperature of the skin surface was observed at $47{\sim}51^{\circ}C$ after classic fire needling and $30^{\circ}C$ after warming fire needling. Warming fire needling therapy does not induce a burn on the tissue and a third degree burn was observed locally in the muscle and skin layers after classic fire needling treatment. This confirms that hwa-acupuncture therapies do not cause major burns. According to the safety assessment test result, no cytotoxicity was detected in the warming fire needling materials. This confirms the safety of the acupuncture materials Conclusions : Various research results on the biological safety of fire needling. Since fire needling therapy induces a burn locally without leaving any scar, and as other results indicate, it is considered a safe treatment method.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.101-121
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this morphological studies was to investigate the relation to the meridian, acupoint and nerve. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were observed following injection of transsynaptic neurotropic virus, pseudorabies virus(PRV), into the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve of the rabbit. After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, the thirty rabbits were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In spinal cord, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Densely labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina V, VII, X, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. In medulla oblongata, The PRV labeled neurons projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, principal sensory trigeminal nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. 3. In Pons, PRV labeled neurons were parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and cochlear nucleus. 4. In midbrain, PRV labeled neurons were founded in central gray matter and substantia nigra. 5. In diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in lateral hypothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. 6. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neuron were founded in hind limb area.This results suggest that PRV labeled common areas of the spinal cord projecting to the gallbladder, GB34 and common peroneal nerve may be first-order neurons related to the somatic sensory, viscero-somatic sensory and symapathetic preganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled common area of the brain may be first, second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle in gallbladder and blood vessels.These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory system monitoring the internal environment, including both visceral sensation and various chemical and physical qualities of the bloodstream. The present morphological results provide that gallbladder meridian and acupoint may be related to the central autonomic pathways.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study is aimed to evaluate and objectify the therapeutic effect of moxibustion on muscle fatigue recovery. Methods : To evaluate the therapeutic effect on the muscle fatigue recovery, we compared the fatigue recovery of two groups (non-stimulation group and moxibustion group) by analyzing the EMG and peak torque after strenuous knee exercise of isokinetic contraction. Results : The median frequency (MF) of the moxibustion group was recovered faster than that of the non-stimulation group. However, the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. Nevertheless, the moxibustion group's peak torque was regained higher than that of the non-stimulation group. Conclusions : We confirmed the therapeutic effect of moxibustion and found that the moxibustion can used as prevention method for musculoskeletal disease.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2001

Objective : To broaden understanding about relationship between Meridian Tendino-musculature and muscles in a lumbar area and to evaluate the effect of Meridian Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy on acute lumbar sprain. Materials and Methods : From Oct. 1st, 2000 to Mar. 31th, 2001, 692 outpatient's chart of Kyung Won University Hospital were reviewed. Out of them, 39 outpatients were selected. they had low back pain, were diagnosed with acute lumbar sprain, showed only straightened curvature on lateral view of lumbar spine X-ray and get the Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy. Results : 1. On patients' first visit, 72% had GrIII and Gr.IV predominantly. 2. Major muscles related with low back pain were divided into two groups. One was Quadratus lumborum group and the other was Rectus abdominis group. In the correlation with Meridian Tendino-musculature, the former was mainly related with Chok-taeyang(B) and slightly related with Chok-soyang(G), Chok-taeum(SP), the latter was mainly related with Chok-taeyum(SP), Chok-yangmyong(S) and slightly related with Chok-taeyang(B), Chok-soyang(G). 3. In the evaluation of treatment effect, Exellent was 27(69%), Good was 10(6%), Fair was 2(5%) and Bad was 0(0%). Fair rate reached 100% eventually. 4. Most of Gr.Ⅲ, Gr.Ⅳ patients who had severe conditions that almost every R.O.M. was limited and Milgram test positive was shown on the physical examination, were fully recovered and lived normal daily life without admission by Meridian Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy within 3 to 5, 4 to 7 days, respectively, since they had started to get their outpatient treatment. 5. Two patients was troubled with pain induced, by twitching response and acupuncure stimuli, which lasted around acupunctured muscle for about a day after treatment, so they coudn't endure the pain and quitted treatment in spite of Fair condition. conclusion : Meridian Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy was found to be helpful to patients who wish to recover from their back pain induced by acute lumbar sprain as soon as possible, but the treatment actually had some problems to be overcome such as pain during or after the treatment. therefor, in order to make this treatment method more available, we should pay more attention to improving treatment appliance and acupuncture technique.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2010

Objectives : Polymyositis is non-hereditary, autoimmune rheumatic disease, and one of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. It is characterized by progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. Major clinical signs and symptoms of polymyositis are chronic non-suppurative inflammatation of skeletal muscle, elevation of muscle enzyme, and electromyographical changes. By use of Korean medicine treatments, muscle weakness and normalize muscle enzyme can be improved in case of polymyositis. Methods : A Patient, 32 years old, whom diagnosed with polymyositis on muscle biopsy and electromyographical changes, had medical treatments with Corticosteroids and Immunosuppressants, but no improvement was noted. She was treated with Korean Medicine, especially Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture(五行和 鍼法) and Ssanghwa-Tang(雙和湯) for three months period. Results : With Korean Medicine treatment of polymyositis for three months, most of her clinical signs and symptoms have been improved significantly, especially her muscle weakness and muscle enzyme level. Conclusion : This case has been reported to show that Korean medicine treatments have positive effects on polymyositis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2004

Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity as an alternative method of treatment for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to foot samli$(ST_{36})$ on the carrageenan-induced knee arthritic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the knee arthritis. Knee arthritis was induced by injection of 2 % carrageenan $50\;{\mu}l$ into the knee joint cavity. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The weight bearing force of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : The average weight borne by the hind limb during normal gait was 55% of total body weight, which was reduced to less than 10% after knee arthritis. EA improved the weight bearing of the arthritic hind limb significantly for the duration of 4 hr. EA applied to $ST_{36}$ point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the arthritic foot lasting for at least 4 h. However, $GB_{31}$ point did not produce any significant increase of weight bearing force. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the knee arthritis model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, $GB_{31}$. The relations between EA-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase(iNOS)/neuronal NOS was also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which is increased by arthritis were suppressed by EA stimulation applied to $ST_{36}$ point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the rat model of chronic knee arthritis pain in a point specific manner and 2) that EA-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.