• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-479
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• 2012

The implicit association test (IAT) measures implicit attitudes of participants and is regarded as an effective method for expecting future behaviors. Based on the IAT, this study aimed to answer the question, whether implicit attitudes of an individual about creativity have any kinds of impact on global perception, which might be important for a creative process. In the experiment, participants were presented words, which were associated with one of four categories, while one attitude category (creativity /practicality) and one evaluative category (good/bad) were always paired together either on the left side or on the right side of the computer screen. After completing the IAT test, participants were led to fill out a questionnaire to assess explicit attitudes toward creativity and practicality. Then they conducted the navon task, in which they had to find one of two letters, 'F' or 'H', which were presented either as a local form or as a global form. Finally, the participants had to write down as many untypical functions of an object as possible. The results showed that not the scores of explicit attitude scores but the IAT scores correlated with the reaction time of global perception. The global perception was faster in the participants with the low IAT scores than the local perception. Compared to this, the global perception benefits disappeared in the participants with the high IAT scores. Additionally, more creative ideas about the functions of the object were listed in the group with the lower IAT scores. Implications of the role of implicit attitudes about creative processes are discussed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2024

With the advancement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology), searching for judgments through the internet has become increasingly convenient. However, predicting sentencing based on judgments remains a challenging task for individuals. This is because sentencing involves a complex process of applying aggravating and mitigating factors within the framework of legal provisions, and it often depends on the subjective judgment of the judge. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a model for predicting sentencing using artificial intelligence by focusing on structuring the data from judgments, making it suitable for AI applications. Through theoretical and statistical analysis of previous studies, we identified variables with high explanatory power for predicting sentencing. Additionally, by analyzing 50 legal judgments related to serious crimes that are publicly available, we presented a framework for extracting essential information from judgments. This framework encompasses basic case information, sentencing details, reasons for sentencing, the reasons for the determination of the sentence, as well as information about offenders, victims, and accomplices evident within the specific content of the judgments. This research is expected to contribute to the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of law in the future.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.329-350
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• 2019

Productive struggle is a student's persevering effort to understand mathematical concepts and solve challenging problems that are not easily solved, but the problem can lead to curiosity. Productive struggle is a key component of students' learning mathematics with a conceptual understanding, and supporting it in learning mathematics is one of the most effective mathematics teaching practices. In comparison to research on students' productive struggles, there is little research on preservice mathematics teachers' productive struggles. Thus, this study focused on the productive struggles that preservice mathematics teachers face in solving a non-routine mathematics problem. Polya's four-step problem-solving process was used to analyze the collected data. Examples of preservice teachers' productive struggles were analyzed in terms of each stage of the problem-solving process. The analysis showed that limited prior knowledge of the preservice teachers caused productive struggle in the stages of understanding, planning, and carrying out, and it had a significant influence on the problem-solving process overall. Moreover, preservice teachers' experiences of the pleasure of learning by going through productive struggle in solving problems encouraged them to support the use of productive struggle for effective mathematics learning for students, in the future. Therefore, the study's results are expected to help preservice teachers develop their professional expertise by taking the opportunity to engage in learning mathematics through productive struggle.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of government's R&D investment outcome on the IT industry. The analysis of R&D investment outcome developed emphasizing qualitative outcome more than quantitative outcome. However, it is still leaning on technological outcome-centered methods, having relatively little interest in inputs that actually determine the outcome. Thus, this study intends to focus on the qualitative attributes of input resources. The results of the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. In raising technological outcome and commercialization outcome of R&D investment, more funds per researcher and numbers of researchers and a longer development period had positive effects. However, a higher ratio of doctors had positive effects only on technological outcome (papers and patents), It is believed that leading to commercialization outcome needed a long period, but the period of task development was only an average of two years. On the contrary, collaboration had negative effects on technological process, which indicates that collaboration between two organizations having conflicting interests would lead to negative effects on the outcome. The results show that the qualitative attributes of input resources have significant effects on R&D investment outcome, and imply that it is necessary to emphasize the qualitative attributes from the input stage to promote government's R&D investment outcome in the future.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.143-156
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• 2004

This case intorduced E-mart's business philosophy and vision, analyzed E-mart's outline of marketing strategy, and discussed its performance and future task. E-mart took the role of market pioneer by developing discount store market in Korea. It's mission was to provide substantial benefits to the customers by selling quality products at the lowest price in the market. For this purpose, E-mart has conducted a slogan of 'everyday low price discount store-E-mart'. Objective of E-mart's brand strategy was to be No. 1 discount store in Korea or to be a representative brand in the discount store market. To achieve this objective, E-mart has conducted various efforts such as construction of national network, realization of the lowest price, formation of the most reliable discount store image, establishment of competitive edge and so on. E-mart settled a new model for discount store in Korea and took the lead in expanding market potential. With these efforts, E-mart has maintained secure position as a leading company in the discount store market.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.471-479
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• 2024

This study aims to examine the cognitive and affective changes in university students' writing self-efficacy when engaging in reflective writing classes utilizing ChatGPT. Over ten sessions, reflective writing classes using ChatGPT were conducted for students enrolled in a mandatory writing course at S University in Gyeonggi Province. The reflective journals written by the students during these sessions were meticulously reviewed as qualitative data with statistical analysis of pre- and post-surveys on writing self-efficacy. The results confirmed that utilizing ChatGPT in reflective writing classes positively impacted students' writing self-efficacy. Participants showed increased interest and confidence in their writing abilities when using ChatGPT. It was reported that they received cognitive assistance in outlining and paragraph structuring from samples generated by ChatGPT. Although survey results showed an overall increase in writing self-efficacy, the only statistically significant change was in the 'plagiarism response' category, which means a clear awareness of plagiarism issues. The process of personalizing the ChatGPT-generated samples requires consistent practice, and systematic guidelines on using such helpful tool effectively should be reinforced as a future task.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.21-48
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• 2019

In the basic research field, quantitative expansion is carried out with active support from the government, but there is no research and policy data suggesting systematic investment plans or data-based financial requirements yet. Therefore, this study predicted future financial requirements of basic research support programs by using time series prediction model. In order to consider various factors including the characteristics of the basic research field, we selected the ARIMAX model which can reflect the effect of multi valuable factors rather than the ARIMA model which predicts the value of single factor over time. We compared the predictions of ARIMAX and ARIMA models for model suitability and found that the ARIMAX model improves the prediction error rate. Based on the ARIMAX model, we predicted the fiscal spending of basic research support programs for five years from 2017 to 2021. This study has significance in that it considers the financial requirements of the basic research support programs as a pilot research conducted by applying a time series model, which is a statistical approach, and multi-variate rather than single-variate. In addition, considering the policy trends that emphasize the importance of basic research investment such as 'the expansion of basic research budget twice', which is the current government's national policy task, it can be used as reference data in establishing basic research investment strategy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.645-660
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• 2020

This study attempts to look at the role that modern Christianity should play on an educational level in order to effectively prepare for the future society in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. In the coming era, various areas of human life, including human labor, are expected to be replaced by AI robots. As new alternatives, the ability to empathize effectively and educate creatively to help develop personality qualities are proposed in a rapidly changing world of uncertainty. Modern Christianity, however, has the responsibility to help solve the problems facing this era in the public as a member of the community beyond the boundaries of the church. The purpose of this study is to examine what education the modern Christianity can present to the world as a public discourse and how that should be done. This study suggests the following points on the proper education for which Christianity will participate in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. First, it is necessary to emphasize a sense of belonging through a sense of community. Second, serious considerations and preparations for education that develops creativity are needed. Third, it is necessary to establish an educational direction that encompasses the entire generation. Fourth, practical education through digital utilization should be implemented in the local community. Finally, Christianity in the era of the fourth Industrial Revolution needs to be more integrated. As the Christian community recognizes that the agenda of the community is its task, it will be able to create a co-existing and symbiotic society.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2024

In the context of Korean residential heating systems, Ondol pipelines are a prevalent choice. However, the maintenance of these pipelines becomes a complex task once they are embedded within concrete structures. As time progresses, the accumulation of sludge, corrosive oxides, and microorganisms on the inner surfaces of these pipelines diminishes their heating efficiency. In extreme scenarios, this accumulation can induce corrosion and scale formation, compromising the system's integrity. Consequently, this research introduces an ultrasonic generation system tailored for the upkeep of Ondol pipelines, with the objective of empirically assessing its practicality. This investigation delineates three variants of ultrasonic generating apparatuses: those employing surface vibration, external generation, and internal generation techniques. To emulate the presence of contaminants within the pipelines, substances in powder, slurry, and liquid forms were employed. The efficacy of the cleaning process post-ultrasonic wave application was scrutinized over time, with image analysis methodologies being utilized to evaluate the outcomes. The findings indicate that ultrasonic waves, whether generated externally or internally, exert a beneficial effect on the cleanliness of the pipelines. Given the inherent characteristics of Ondol pipelines, external generation proves impractical, thereby rendering internal generation a more viable solution for pipeline maintenance. It is anticipated that future endeavors will pave the way for innovative maintenance strategies for Ondol pipelines, particularly through the advancement of internal generation technologies for pipeline applications.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.207-228
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• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.