• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1981

The present study was carried out to study the serum concentration of peptide and steroid hormones in puerperal sow. Eight crossbred sows were used for collection of blood samples from day 20 prepartum to day 20 postpartum. FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, progesterone and cortisol were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The mean serum FSH did not vary during the puerperal period and ranged from $8.1{\pm}1.8mIU/ml$ to $9.0{\pm}2.3mIU/ml$. LH concentrations increased from $2.6{\pm}0.3mIU/ml$ at day 20 prepartum to $3.9{\pm}1.1mIU/ml$ at the time of parturition, reached $3.2{\pm}0.9mIU/ml$ by day+2 and remained quite constant therafter. Prolactin reached a peak mean level of $68.5{\pm}9.5ng/ml$ at day 0. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ increased from $205.0{\pm}29.5pg/ml$ at day 6 prepartum to $425.0{\pm}35.0pg/ml$ at the time of parturition. Progesterone remained fairly constant ($18.4{\pm}1.6$ to $20.2{\pm}2.1ng/ml$) from 20 to 6 days before parturition, began to decline on day-2, reached $0.9{\pm}0.3ng/ml$ by day+2 and remained quite constant thereafter. Cortisol reached a peak level of $86.5{\pm}10.5ng/ml$ at the day 0.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.273-286
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the growth aspects in three facial growth patterns. The biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 33 samples(19males, 14females) with normal occlusion from 8.5 years to 18.5 yews of age were used in this study. The facial growth patterrn was categorized in 3 types(Drop type, Neutral type, Forward type) by the total amounts of the Y-axis which changed from 8.5 years to 18.5 years of age. The growth change of the craniofacial area during 10 years in each growth type was analyzed and was compared among the 3 growth types. The results of this study might be summarized as follows. 1. The samples that were classified by total change of the Y-axis during this study period were distributed to 52% of the neutral type, 27% of the forward type, 21% of the drop type. 2. The anterior growth of the maxilla to the cranial base(N per A) showed larger in the forward type than in other 2 types(p<0.05). 3. The palatal plane to the FH plane showed more anterior-superior inclination in the forward type with age during this study period. 4. The anterior growth of the mandible to the cranial base(N per Pog) appeared large in rank order, of largest the forward type, second the neutral type, and third the drop type(p<0.05). 5. During this study period the mandibular plane(SN/MN,FMA) showed more counterclockwise rotation in the forward type than in the drop type(p<0.05), and this tendency was stronger in males than in females(p<0.05). 6. The growth of the mandibular corpus length(Go-Me) showed smaller in the drop type than in the other 2 types(p<0.05). 7. In the forward type and the neutral type, the anterior growth of the mandible was larger than that of the maxilla(p<0.05). 8. In the craniofacial growth distances and angulations turned out to be somewhat variable, but the vertical proportion had a strong tendency whose original relation was maintained consistently during this study period. 9. Through these analyzed data, the profilograms on each growth type were constructed to evaluate individual growth pattern in the orthodontic diagnosis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.474-480
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• 2004

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the remineralizing effects of three glass ionomer cements (high filled glass ionomer cement, compomer, resin modified glass ionomer cement) with resin composite (control group) on incipient interproximal caries, and to assess long-term change of remineralization effect, in each material, evaluated by microtomography. Proximal restoration was simulated with tooth specimen and Glass Ionomer Cements. And each of these groups was placed into a closed container with artificial saliva at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 for a time period of thirty days with constant circulation. At the end of thirty and sixty days, tomographic images were taken from these specimens with micro CT scanner. Materials used in this study were as follows. Group 1: Fuji IX GP (GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) Group 2: Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) Group 3: F2000 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) Group 4: Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) Using density-measuring program, the micro-density of carious lesions on the specimens were measured. The mean density changes of each group were compared to the other groups to evaluate the effect of remineralization. The results were as follows: 1. The lesion density of all groups increased. 2. The mean density increase of Group 1, 2, 3 were higher than that of Group 4 every month(p<0.05). 3. There were significant differences of density increase among glass ionomer group(Group 1, 2, 3).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) is gaining wider acceptance for the treatment of early gastric cancer. However, firm evidence supporting the long-term outcome after LADG for gastric cancer is unknown. This study compared long-term quality of life after LADG versus an open distal gastrectomy (ODG) for early gastric cancer. Methods: This study included 29 patients who underwent LADG and 57 patients who underwent ODG for the treatment of stage I gastric cancer. Quality of life was evaluated based on the Korean version of EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) and EORTC QLQ-STO22 one year after surgery. All patients underwent a Billroth II gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer between January 2003 and December 2004. Results: A total of 86 (58%) out of 154 patients responded to the questionnaire. Demographic features showed no difference between the two groups of patients for age, sex, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis except for tumor size and the number of retrieved lymph nodes. The mean score for global health status was not statistically different (LADG, $60.3{\pm}20.4$ vs ODG, $57{\pm}20.6$; P=0.413). The total score of 21 items related to stomach cancer (EORTC QLQ-STO22) also was not statistically different (LADG, $68.9{\pm}64.9$ vs ODG, $94.5{\pm}97.3$; P=0.340). Conclusion: Based on the results of the Korean version of EORTC QLQ-C 30 (version 3.0) and EORTC. QLQ-STO22, LADG does not seem to have any long-term benefit over ODG on 'quality of life'.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2017

Subsequent to the introduction of the "Laws on Consumption Promotion of Livestock Products" in 2002, a mandatory check-off system for the egg industry was introduced in June 2009. Unlike other livestock products, the check-off on eggs is financed not from the sale of the egg-the end product-but from the spent hen. Variables such as the falling price of spent hens lead to a low financing rate; The present farm allotment rate of 14%, introduced in 2015, is much higher than the 0.2% to 0.3% check-off rate in other types of business, thus placing a huge burden on farms. When check-off is financed from the egg, it is expected that 6.5 billion won will be raised using a rate of 0.3% of sale proceeds, Therefore, it is urgent for the government to establish infrastructure to enable producers and merchants to do business through Grade & Packing centers. This can be achieved by the staged construction of local Grade & Packing centers. Check-off should continue to be financed from the present spent hen until this infrastructure is established, and an institutional strategy should be provided by the government to raise the financing rate accurately and transparently using statistical treatment of supply data for spent hens as a short-term alternative.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate two different heel lancet device in terms of pain response and success of the procedure in the preterm infants undergoing heel puncture. Methods: 100 preterm infants undergoing capillary blood gas analysis or capillary bilirubin monitoring underwent heel puncture, were randomly allocated to blood sampling from the heel with either a conventional manual lancet or an automatic incision device. Primary outcome measures included the Premature Infants Pain Profile (PIPP) score, total duration of procedure, number of heel puncture and number of bruise. The pain response was evaluated using PIPP score and the effectiveness was evaluated using three criteria: total duration of blood sampling, number of puncture, bruising of the heel or ankle. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 13.0 program. Difference between the groups were analysed with t test (continuous variables) and the Chi square test or Fisher test (categorical variables). Results: The mean PIPP score was 4.91 for the automatic lancet group compared with 5.84 for the conventional manual lancet group (P=0.0255).The number of pain scores above 7 during blood collection did not differ between two groups (P=0.2167). The procedure took less time to perform in the automatic lancet group (mean, 30.69 seconds) than in the conventional lancet group (mean, 48.92 seconds) (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the automatic lancet device causes less pain and a shorter procedure time than the conventional manual lancet in preterm infants undergoing heel puncture. On the basis of these results the automatic lancet device is very useful method for blood collection in preterm infants by heel puncture.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.480-493
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• 2007

Many railway-advanced countries are using the various types of track to reduce the track maintenance and repair cost according to the improvement of velocity. It spends on much maintenance and repair cost for ballast track due to abrasion of ballast, track irregularity and unisotropical ballast-support stiffness. The ballast track on railway bridge is accelerating the deterioration of ballast according to interaction of railway bridge and track. As continuing the deterioration, it is caused dynamic loads. Due to these effects, it increases negative loads of track and bridge. However, when designing the railway bridge, the effect of ballast track was applicate only dead load, so elastic behavior effect of ballast track is not influenced. Therefore, this paper presumes the stiffness of ballast track on railway bridge considering dynamic behavior of railway bridge, it was evaluated that effect on dynamic behaviors of railway bridge according to ballast track stiffness.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.sup
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to suggest strategies for improving "Livestock Manure Treatment Systems and Related Technologies Assessment Program". Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate reasonableness of applied weight value for assessment and improve program management strategies. Results of mail survey collected from animal manure treatment technology specialists of 30 companies nationwide were used for AHP. Company's ability, technological prowess, facility's convenience, economic feasibility are four important aspects of assessment program evaluation using AHP. More than 70% of the respondents said they were overall satisfied with the objectivity of assessment program regarding above four evaluation aspects. However, only 36% of them answered that they were very satisfied with the objectivity of assessment program in terms of economic feasibility. The evaluation results revealed that the assessment program needs to be made up for the weak points regarding economic feasibility. The AHP weight calculation results showed that the current assessment program overestimates the technological prowess, especially livestock manure treatment efficiency. It suggests that the weight value of current assessment program in terms of technological prowess needs to be determined carefully. The current assessment program combined with AHP weight value determination approach will be very useful to improve objectivity and reliability of assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.155-159
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• 2004

Recently, there are many trials about Artificial neural networks : ANNs structure and studying method of researches for forecasting traffic volume. ANNs have a powerful capabilities of recognizing pattern with a flexible non-linear model. However, ANNs have some overfitting problems in dealing with a lot of parameters because of its non-linear problems. This research deals with the application of a variety of model selection criterion for cancellation of the overfitting problems. Especially, this aims at analyzing which the selecting model cancels the overfitting problems and guarantees the transferability from time measure. Results in this study are as follow. First, the model which is selecting in sample does not guarantees the best capabilities of out-of-sample. So to speak, the best model in sample is no relationship with the capabilities of out-of-sample like many existing researches. Second, in stability of model selecting criterion, AIC3, AICC, BIC are available but AIC4 has a large variation comparing with the best model. In time-series analysis and forecasting, we need more quantitable data analysis and another time-series analysis because uncertainty of a model can have an effect on correlation between in-sample and out-of-sample.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.89-120
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• 2008

With petroleum being a major source of energy in Korea, the quantity of petroleum transported via ocean routes is on its way up due to increased consumption. Due to the increase, more than 300 cases of pollution caused by petroleum occur annually. Moreover, the number of oil-spill accidents is also on the rise. Causes of such accidents, not including the disposal of waste oil on purpose, turn out to be human error during navigation or defects in the vessels, showing that most accidents are caused by humans. Therefore, to prevent future oil spills, it is imperative that navigation efficiency be enhanced by improving the quality of navigators and replacing old vessels with newer ones. Nevertheless, such improvements cannot occur overnight, so long- and mid-term efforts should be made to achieve it institutionally. As large-scale oil-spill accidents can happen at anytime along the coastal waters of Korea, it is necessary to set-up institutional devices which go beyond the compensation limit of 92FC. The current special law regarding this issue has its limits in that it prescribes compensation be supplemented solely by national taxes. Therefore, the setting-up of a new 'national fund' is recommended for consideration rather than to subscribe to the '2003 Convention for the Supplementary Fund'. It is strongly suggested that a National fund be created from fees collected from oil companies based on the risks involved in oil transportation and according to the profiteers pay principle. In addition, a public fund should be created to handle general environmental damage, such as the large-scale destruction of the ecosystem, which is distinct from the economic damage that harms the local people. The posterior responses to the large-scale oil spill have always been unsatisfactory because of the symbolic nature of the disasters included in such accidents. Oil-spills can be prevented in advance, because they are caused by human beings. But once they occur, they inflict long-term damage to both human life and the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the best response to future oil-spills is to work to prevent them.