• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2015

The growth of impermeable layers in the city center due to today's urban development is emerging as a major cause of urban heat island effects as well as recurring inland flood damages. In order to cope with such disasters caused by climatic changes, an artificial ground afforestation system is suggested as a fundamental solution that addresses both water environment and heat environment. For the afforestation system to replace the current disaster prevention facilities, quantitative performance verification through related numerical analysis models and actual survey monitoring is necessary. Therefore, this study seeks to propose the performance predication method for the heat environment of the afforestation system by looking into correlations between measurements by physical vegetation indicators such as LAI and FVC and forecasts from FASST, a vegetation canopy model used by US Corps of Engineers.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2017

This study is a basic research with the aim of developing the method of judging the leakage zone by grasping the habitat characteristic of agricultural reservoir slope in inhabiting characteristics appear differently according to natural inhabiting environment. To this end, this study is intending to investigate slope vegetation using a quadrat technique at Sinheung reservoir located at Gwangsi-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, and to perform the analysis of importance value using relative frequency and relative coverage, etc. Also, this study intended to present the necessity of having to consider the eco-system of the relevant region in time of a reservoir slope afforestation for the time to come by suggesting that the reservoir slope vegetation after a stable period becomes similar to the regional vegetation by comparing this study result with the existing research which carried out the analysis of importance value of forest vegetation for Yesan Region. The reservoir slope vegetation is similar to the indicator species which appear in the regional forest vegetation, so there was a need to select afforestation species in the light of this in time of slope afforestation. As a result of the analysis of the importance value, this study grasped that there was an emergence characteristic similar to the vegetation at a birthplace of a forest fires because growth and development of forest trees, and perennial plants were restricted by annually implemented brush-cutting work, etc.; however, indigo plant and bush clover, etc. were found to show the characteristic differing from this. Consequently, this study was able to confirm that there is the necessity of having to create the Importance Value Table suited for reservoir slopes by region through a lot more data construction in the near future.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2016

Leaf chlorophyll content provides valuable information about physiological status of plants. However, fewer studies have investigated the difference in chlorophyll concentration in leaves of tropical afforestation tree species. Therefore, this study examines the difference in foliar chlorophyll contents of six tropical afforestation tree species namely: Tectona grandis, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Piptademiastrum africanum, Azadirachta indica, Brachystegia eurycoma and Gmelina arborea found in the relict forest in Umudike, South east, Nigeria. A single factor experiment in a completely randomised design in three replicates was employed to analyse the rate of leaf chlorophyll contents. Fisher's least significant different was used to test for significance in mean difference in foliar chlorophyll contents between tree species at 95% confidence interval using analysis of variance. The results of this study showed a significant difference in foliar chlorophyll concentration between the tree species with Tectona grandis having a higher chlorophyll concentration than other trees this could be as a result of its higher vegetative activity which increases its primary productivity followed by Pentaclethra macrophylla while Azadirachta indica having least the chlorophyll concentration. The study further revealed that other indigenous tree species like Piptademiastrum africanum and Brachystegia eurycoma have higher chlorophyll concentration. Further studies should be carry out to examine factors that have contributed informed the differences in the chlorophyll concentration of these trees species, thus this would broaden the understanding of their physiological status and equally encourage there conservation.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.618-624
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to determine the growth and carbon storage of planted Haloxylon aphyllum in the Aralkum Desert in Kazakhstan. Six sites afforested in 2000, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2013, and 2017 were selected. The root collar diameter(cm) and height(m) were measured for all H. aphyllum in 30 m×44 m plots. Biomass accumulation (g m^-2) and carbon storage(C g m^-2) were calculated using allometric equations and the carbon concentration data of Haloxylon species. The diameters varied from 2.5 cm to 4.3 cm and the height varied from 106.2 cm to 223.7 cm. The growth of H. aphyllum was not linearly related to the afforestation year or soil properties. Tree growth might have been influenced by variations in the microclimate, such as temperature, precipitation, and dust storms. The mean total biomass accumulation was 20.57g m^-2 and ranged from 2.42 g m^-2 to 64.53 g m^-2. The mean carbon storage was 9.70C g m^-2 and ranged from 1.12 C g m^-2 to 30.61 C g m^-2. These biomass and carbon storage estimates were smaller than those reported for other Central Asian deserts, but afforestation enabled the generation of vegetative cover and consequently, carbon sequestration in the manmade Aralkum Desert.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제2권
• /
• pp.42-55
• /
• 1984

The direction of scientific researches on tree improvement and forest management in several universities and research institutes in Japan can be summarized as follows: They put a great emphasis on sugi, Cryptomeria japonica and cypress, Chamaecyparus oblusa which are two major conifer species largerly planted in the Japanese forestry. In the research of sugi, a great concern has been made in evaluating inheritance of forest tree, quantitative characters and genetic parameter of growth, and in breeding for resistance to diseases and insects and to all the natural calamities. Interaction between environmental conditions and genetic nature of tree can be concerned factors in relation with forest damage, together with silvicultural conditions and pest infestation. Selfing hybrids of $F_1$ made from crossing twisted-leaf sugi, defomity leaf type and midori sugi, normal leaf type segregated the normal needle, twisted needle, green leaf and albino leaf type. It seemed that separation of many defomity individuals can be governed by two dominant complementary genes and from the near loci of which it was detected lethal genes. 52% of Japanese forestry is occupied by the small forest landowners like Korean forestry. This made difficulty for forest improvement such as progressive afforestation and for capital accumulation form forestry. The Forest Corporation was established at first in 1959 to aming at productive forestry structure and forest management, and afforestation. For these purpose, 35 Forest Corporations are at moment operating throughout Japan. However, investment in forestry business becomes less attractive since the wage in forest production duction increased in higher trend. than timber price. Therefore, an artifical afforestation becomes yearly decreased. At present. the self-sufficient rate of timber production in Japan is about 35%, and so a great effort is being made to increase self-sufficient rate of timber production.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2002

The propose of this study is to suggest objective data to be utilized for a plan and the improvement of open space through the analysis of people's behaviour and satisfaction after the introduction of an opened-fence around offices followed by a plan for wall-afforestation of public institution's. The sites examined are four offices; two of them have opened-walls and the others have traditional enclosure. Analysis of frequency is conducted to understand the actual use according to people's individual peculiarities. Pearson's correlation analysis, t-test, multiple regression analysis are carried out to find out relations of fluents. In the end, the satisfaction is high in public institution satisfaction, entrance, space perception. stability, Landscaped office with opened-fence rather than fence, and the increase in usage of fluent of public institution satisfaction, entrance, space perception. stability, confusion brings about rising of use-satisfaction. Satisfaction with the exterior of building is the most important variable that influences the whole urban open space. Furthermore the influences of the approach and stability having connection with open or not-open fence is major variable affecting satisfaction of use of open space. Whether open or not is important factor on satisfaction of open space of office building. Through this study, we can find that opened fence determines use satisfaction of resting space of outdoor-office. So factors affecting satisfaction must be regarded as important requisite on planning, design, development and management in plan for afforestation of fence at public institution.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2004

This research is basic research about 「the afforestation project of the Shilla Dynasty's capital forest」 which is controlled by the research institute of forest and environment of Kyungbuk province. The results of the investigation about target places and selection of major species of trees is as follows. 1. In the Shilla Dynasty's times, the peach tree was the indicator of unusual changes in weather, and was also the symbol of unsurpassed beauty. Peach trees were so prevalent that people called the forest peach-hill or peach-forest. Therefore, the main tree of Shilla Dynasty's capital forest would have to be a peach tree. 2. From several records, pine and bamboo were planted or grown together. The pattern of planting trees like this case is also historic, so should be utilized positively. 3. In order to afforest the capital forest, the bamboos have to be planted on Nam-mountain in Kyung-ju, and maple trees have to be planted on Kumgang mountain. 4. There were many big trees during the Shilla Dynasty, and the name of one of the Six Main Villages was 'Big Tree Village'. Therefore, big and long-lived trees have to be planted also. 5. The willow tree has to be considered for afforesting the capital forest even though the willow trees are misunderstood to cause allergies. They are traditional landscape architecture trees. In the traditional literature, the willow tree stands for good news. 6. Japanese cornellian cherry(Cornus officinalis), which is related with old narrative literature in the era of King Kyungmun, has to be planted for the forest, and has to be considered to be an educational tree. 7. Korean Rhododendron, which is related with Madam Suro's story, has to be planted in stone gardens.8. Lotus, Korean pulsatilla, Boxwood, Bombycis Mulberry, and Japanese Apricot have been recorded just one time, but these are also important plants which have to be reflected on afforestation of capital forest project. 9. The forests of Shilla on the old records exist in 17 places. The afforestation project has to be undertaken at these places. 10. The people of Shilla deified the forest and trees, which were the places where ancestral rites had been performed. For example, Gyerim, Sinyurim, and Wanggasu were the sacred forests of the capital forest.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.128-140
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this research was to present characteristics for the classification of biotopes and classification method of biotopes as basic data for ecological landscape planning in Metropolitan Daegu. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The study identified fifteen characteristics for classification of biotopes. Ecological landscape characteristics were divided into structural and functional factors. There are six structural factors such an inclination, and nine functional factors such as temperature. 2) The study area was separated into sixty eight biotope types. For example, an industrial district was divided into two biotope types: a biotope type of an industrial district with abundant green space, and a biotope type of an industrial district with scarce green space. 3) In the result of cluster analysis using the average linkage method between groups, biotope groups were divided into fifteen clusters and biotope groups were divided into seven clusters. Each cluster was named according to the features of a descriptive statistics analysis. For example, cluster 8 was identified as a biotope type with an impermeable pavement rate of more than 90 percent and an afforestation rate under 10 percent. 4) Fifteen biotope groups were converted to land use patterns for remote application and utilization of urban biotope in city planning. Biotope groups of a building area beyond an intermediate floor with an afforestation rate under 20-30 percent was converted to a land use pattern such as a tall apartment complex or commercial district. When examining the characteristics that were established in this research, there was a limit to achieve the objective of grade-classification because of a lack of related basic data. The research of landscape ecological characteristics for the classification of biotopes could not be completed due to a lack of time and resources, thus the study of ecological landscape characteristics will be accomplished over time.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제77권3호
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 1988

해안방재림(海岸防災林)으로 조성(造成)된 곰솔의 수관량(樹冠量)을 분석(分析)하여 방재기능(防災機能)을 평가(評價)하는 자료(資料)를 제공(提供)하고 방재림지(防災林地) 및 사구지(砂丘地) 녹지대(綠地帶) 조성지(造成地)에 대(對)한 토양성분비교(土壤成分比較) 및 분급평가(分級評價)의 결과(結果)와 제(第) I 보(報)(한림지(翰林地) 77(2))로 보고(報告)한 각종재해요인(各種災害要因)을 기반(基盤)으로 하여 해수욕장(海水浴場) 주변(周邊)에 녹지대(綠地帶)를 계획(計劃)하였는데 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수 있다. 1. 양수관량(陽樹冠量)은 재적생장(材積生長)의 기본(基本)이 되나 곰솔의 방재림(防災林)은 재적생장(材積生長)에 따라 음수관(陰樹冠)을 포함한 수관표면적(樹冠表面的)이나 체적(體積)이나 증가(增加)함을 알 수 있고 수관표면적(樹冠表面的)과 수관체적(樹冠體的)의 추정식(推定式)은 모두 회귀성(回歸性)을 인정(認定)할 수 있다. 따라서 방재림(防災林)은 1) 수고(樹高)가 큰 것일수록 수관표면적(樹冠表面的)이나 수관체적(樹冠體的)의 증가비율(增加比率)이 더 크고, 2) 흉고직경(胸高直徑)이 클수록 수관체적(樹冠體的)의 증가비율(增加比率)이 더 크나 수관표면적(樹冠表面的)의 증가(增加)는 비례(比例) 관계(關係)에 있다. 2. 곰솔의 방재림지(防材林地)는 사구지(砂丘地)보 OM, T-N, $SiO_2$량(量)이 더 많고 CEC도 더 큰 값이며 EC값이나 CI량(量)이 더 적은 것으로 보아 토양(土壤)이 개선(改善)되었고 방재림(防災林)의 염해방지기능(鹽害防止機能)을 인식(認識)할 수 있다. 3. pH도 곰솔의 방재림지(防材林地)는 개선(改善)되었다. 4. 치환성(置換性) 양(陽)이온은 곰솔의 방재림(防災林)보다 사구지(砂丘地)가 더 큰 값인데 패각(貝殼)이 계속 공급(供給)되므로 Ca량(量)이 특(特)히 많다. 그러나 $P_2O_5$는 사구지(砂丘地)와 방재림(防災林)은 거의 같은 값이다. 5. 곰솔의 방재림지(防材林地)는 전체적(全體的)으로 보아 토양(土壤)이 개선(改善)되고 있으나 양분(養分)이 매우 결핍(缺乏)되어 있다. 6. 곰솔 방재림(防災林)의 잔재본수(殘在本數)는 1970년(年) 식재(植栽)된 것은 34%, 1976년(年)의 것은 39%로서 자연적(自然的)으로 간인(間引)이 이루어져서 밀도조정(密度調整)이 되고 있으며, 지하고(地下高)도 각각(各各) 2.71m, 1.89m로서 지하율조정(地下率調整)으로 출입(出入)이 자유(自由)스러울 것으로 생각된다. 7. 사구지(砂丘地) 중심(中心)서 E방위(方位)에 있는 혼효림(混淆林)의 염풍해방지(鹽風害防止) 기능(機能)을 인정(認定)할 수 있다. 8. 녹지대(綠地帶)는 방재기능(防災機能)과 휴식기능(休息機能)에 만족(滿足)할 만한 적정립목도(適正立木度)가 요청(要請)된다. 9. 사구지(砂丘地) 주변(周邊)의 토양(土壤)을 분급평가(分級評價)한 결과(結果)와 입지조건(立地條件)과 휴식기능(休息機能) 및 방재기능(防災機能)을 고려(考慮)하여 통리인구(桶里人口)의 공한지(空閑地)와 1985년(年) 식재(植栽)된 해송(海松)이나 도로(道路)를 철거(撤去) 및 폐쇄(閉鎖)하여 녹지대(綠地帶) 조성지(造成地)로 하였다. 10. 녹지대(綠地帶)를 대상(帶狀)으로 장축(長軸)이 주풍방향(主風方向) SE에 대(對)하여 $14^{\circ}$동편(東偏)으로 계획(討劃)하였으며 부락진입도로(部落進入道路)는 해송(海松) 식재지(植栽地)와 논사이를 성토(盛土)하여 개설(開設)한다. 11. 녹지대(綠地帶) 조성(造成)함으로서 해수욕장(海水浴場)에게 휴식처(休息處)를 제공(提供)함은 물론(勿論) 풍하측(風下側)에 있는 경지(耕地)에 165m 지점(地默)까지의 방풍효과(防風效果)로 염해(鹽害) 시가(飛砂)의 피해(被害)를 방지(防止)하여 수도(水稻)의 증수효과(增收效果)가 있을 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 12. 녹지대(綠地帶) 조성면적(造成面積) $10,476m^2$에 2년생(年生) 곰솔묘(苗)를 $1m{\times}1m$ 간격(間隔)으로 10,476본(本)을 주풍방향(主風方向)에 대(對)하여 식재열(植栽列)이 직각(直角)이 되도록 식재(植栽)한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제77권2호
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 1988

해수욕장(海水浴場) 녹지대(綠地帶)는 휴식시설기능(休息施設機能)과 방재기능(防災機能)을 만족(滿足)할 수 있도록 조성(造成)하여야 되므로 통리해수욕장(桶里海水浴場)에 녹지대(綠地帶)를 조성(造成)하기 위(爲)하여 방재기능측면(防災機能側面)에서 각종재해요인(各種災害要因)을 분석(分析)한 바 다음과 같다. (1) 하계(夏季)의 주풍방향(主風方向)은 SE방위(方位)이다. (2) 하계(夏季)의 1시간평균풍속(時間平均風速)은 2.1~3.0m/sec가, 순간풍속(瞬間風速)은 1.1~2.0m/sec가 발생빈도(發生頻度)가 제일 높다. (3) 구사(丘砂)의 입경(粒徑)은 세립(細粒)이며 광물조성(鑛物組成)은 양적(量的)으로 Quartz, Calcite, Feldspars, Sericite 순(順)이다. (4) 구사(丘砂)의 사별입경급(篩別粒徑級)이 작을수록 Quartz의 수량(數量)은 대단(大端)히 많아지고 Calcite와 Feldspars의 양(量)은 감소(減少)되며 Sericite의 양(量)은 증가(增加)한다. (5) 구사(丘砂)의 직경급(直徑級)에 따른 한계마찰풍속식(限界摩擦風速式) $y=4.191x^{0.221}$이다. (6) 비래염분량(飛來鹽分量)은 정선(汀線)가까이에서 제일 많고 내지(內地)로 향(向)하면서 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)한다. 포착염분량(捕捉鹽分量)의 회귀식(回歸式)은 $y=28.181{\times}(-0.369^x)$이다. (7) 해수함염량(海水含鹽量)은 33‰이다.