• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.308-316
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to determine reduction of various odorous materials from a swine farm equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system (CPRS) with aerobically treated liquid manure. Methods: The CPRS is used in swine farms in South Korea, primarily to improve air quality in pig houses. In this study, CPRS consists of a manure aerobic treatment system and a fit recirculation system; the solid fraction is separated and composted, whereas the aerobically treated liquid fraction (290.0%±21.0% per day of total stored swine slurry) is continuously returned to the pit. Four confinement pig barns in three piggery farms were used; two were equipped with CPRS and the other two operated a slurry pit under the slatted floor. Results: All chemical contents of slurry pit manure in the control were greater than those of slurry pit manure in the CRPS treatment (p<0.05). Electrical conductivity and pH contents did not differ among treatments. The biological oxygen demand of the slurry pit treatment was greater than that of the other treatments (p<0.05). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen contents of the slurry pit treatment were greater than those of other treatments (p<0.05). Odor intensity of the CPRS treatment was lower than that of the control at indoor, exhaust, and outside sampling points (p<0.05). The temperature and carbon dioxide of the CPRS treatment in the pig barn was significantly lower than those of control (p<0.05). All measured odorous material contents of the CPRS group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The CPRS application in pig farms is considered a good option as it continuously reduces the organic load of animal manure and lowers the average odorant concentration below the threshold of detecting odorous materials.

• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Since the unprecedented hydrogen fluoride leak accident in 2012, there has been growing demand for customized technical information for rapid response and chemical accident management agencies including the Ministry of Environment, the National Emergency Management Agency, and the National Police Agency need more information on chemicals and accident management. In this regard, this study aims to provide reliable technical data and guidelines to initial response agencies, similar to accident management technical reports of the US and Canada. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews on initial response agencies like fire stations, police stations, and local governments to identify new information items for appropriate initial response and improvements of current guidelines. We also collected and reviewed the Canada's TIPS, US EPA's hydrogen fluoride documents, domestic and foreign literature on applicability tests of control chemicals, and interview data, and then produced items to be listed in the technical guidelines. In addition, to establish database of on-site technical information, we carried out applicability tests for accident control data including ① emergency shut down devide, safety guard, shut down valve, ground connection, dyke, transfer pipe, scrubber, and sensor; ② literature and field survey on distribution type and transportation/storage characteristics (container identification, valve, ground connection, etc.); ③ classification and identification of storage/transportation facilities and emergency management methodslike leak prevention, chemicals control, and cutoff or bypass of rain drainage; ④ domestic/foreign analysis methods and environmental standards including portable detection methods, test standards, and exposure limits; and ⑤ comparison/evaluation of neutralization efficiency of control chemicals on toxic substances.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2024

Background: The Mae Kha Canal is one of Chiang Mai's most important waterways. It supports local agriculture, irrigation, and transportation as well as provides stormwater drainage to prevent floods. Due to the unregulated rapid urbanization of the city and lack of efficient waste and wastewater management systems over the past few decades, the canal has become heavily polluted. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of Mae Kha canal through assessment of the physico-chemical water quality and coliform bacteria. Moreover, benthic macroinvertebrates were samples and assessed using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP^Thai) and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT^Thai) as biological indices. Results: The physico-chemical showed low dissolved oxygen levels, high levels of ammonia and phosphates, and elevated levels of biochemical oxygen demand, indicating that the water quality had significantly deteriorated. The canal was found to be heavily polluted, with most sites falling into the polluted to very heavily polluted. Coliform bacteria analysis revealed alarmingly high levels of total coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria in the canal. The BMWP^Thai and ASPT^Thai scores indicated poor to very poor water quality. Conclusions: The physico-chemical and coliform bacteria indicated that the water quality of the Mae Kha canal had significantly deteriorated. The biological indices also indicated the poor to very poor water quality. This study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive remediation efforts, emphasizing strategic planning, investment, and community engagement to revive the canal's ecological health and water quality.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2020

For effective treatment of wastewater containing ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N), AT2, AT9, and AT12 strains, having high total organic carbon (TOC) removal capability, and FN47, possessing excellent ammonia nitrogen removal capability present in the activated sludge in the aeration tank of food wastewater treatment plants, were isolated and identified. The cells of these isolated strains were used for microbial augmentation with FIW-1 in the defatted rice bran as a medium to treat industrial wastewater. The investigation of the cultural characteristics of these isolated strains in the aeration tank showed that the affinities for substrate of the isolated strains were extremely high, of which AT12 (Alcaligenes sp. AT12) was the highest among the isolated strains. Ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency in the food wastewater was 71% in the isolated strain FN47 (Microbacterium sp. FN47) treatment group. When only activated sludge was added in the lab scale pilot using food wastewater during continuous culture experiment, the TOC removal efficiency was 63%. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of 92% was obtained when the microbial augmentation FIW-1 for wastewater treatment was applied. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) level from the effluent wherein microbial augmentation FIW-1 was input for the initial three days in the wastewater treatment site experiment showed a treatment rate of about 43%, which was increased to 62% after an elapse of 5 days.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

Demand for in vitro pharmacological evaluation and toxicity test using human hepatocytes has been increasing. In USA and Europe, human hepatocytes obtained from donated whole liver unsuitable for transplantation were distributed to researchers and deposited in cell bank facility as cryopreserved vial. In Korea, however, incidence of transplantation- inappropriate whole liver has been quite low and the whole livers almost have so severe liver disease such as fatty or fibrotic liver that cannot meet the demand. In this study we aimed to isolate human hepatocytes from liver resection surgery-originated partial liver, and assure the isolated human hepatocytes and its cryopreserved hepatocytes to be qualified for the in vitro pharmacological evaluation and drug toxicity tests. We compared those with commercially available human hepatocyte, BD $GenTest^{TM}$ by cell morphology, hepatic gene expression, urea synthesis, albumin secretion, ammonia removal, and cytochrome P450 induction activities. Changes in hepatotoxic gene expression after cryopreservation are evaluated with a typical hepatotoxic drug, acetaminophen. Consequently, the fresh hepatocytes from the partial liver and its cryopreserved hepatocytes expressed their intrinsic hepatic functions well and showed equal hepatotoxicity gene expression trend regardless to cryopreservation. Therefore, liver resection surgery-originated partial liver can be used as a useful source of human hepatocytes for various pharmacological and hepatotoxicity test.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2009

The pig slurry is one of important fertilizer source for production of crops in recent years, but it has many controversial points of utilization such as offensive odor, lack of spread equipment and farmland possession, respectively. This study was carried out in order to remove water pollutants and malodor of pig slurry using biofiltration system. The biofiltration system consists of pig slurry separator, mixing shift and attached blade for sawdust or ricehull, air injection nozzle and outlet for pig slurry and sawdust or ricehull. The characteristics pH, $BOD_5$ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), $COD_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen Demand), SS (Suspended Solid), T-N (Total Nitrogen), T-P (Total Phosphorus) of the untreated pig slurry used in this study were 7.2, 34,450, 24,604, 71,000, 4,194, $1,631\;ml/{\ell}$, respectively. The $NH_3$ (Ammonia) and $H_2S$(Hydrogen Sulfide) concentration were 70.0, 9.6 ppm, respectively. The initial total microorganisms of pig slurry were $5.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, and Salmonella, Bacillus were $5.8{\times}10^2$, $1.1{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, respectively. The filtration system was very effective on removal of water pollutants of pig slurry. The removal efficiency of the offensive odor of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in sawdust was higher than those of ricehull. The total microorganisms and bacillus of pig slurry are on the increase by sawdust and ricehull, but Salmonella showed a tendency to decrease in number after that time. Accordingly, the filtration system was very effective to produce a good quality pig slurry.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.469-475
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• 2002

The rotating biological contactor (RBC) was tested for treatment of aquacultural water in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system. Performance of RBC on the treatment of nitrogen source such as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (CODcr.) was evaluated. A system was stocked with nile tilapia at an initial rearing densities of $5\%$ and $7\%$ over 30 days. As increasing rearing density from $5\%$ to $7\%$, the TAN removal rates was increased from $39.4 g/m^3{\cdot}day$ to $86.0 g/m^3{\cdot}day$. But TAN removal efficiency was decreased from $24.5\%$ to $16.0\%$. The removal rate of $COD_Cr$ was higher than TAN. The RBC as an aerator was also evaluated for increasing dissolved oxygen concentration. For $5\%$ and $7\%$ of rearing density, the average aeration rate were $280 g/m^3{\cdot}day$ and $255 g/m^3{\cdot}day$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.315-328
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• 2009

Long-term trends and distribution patterns of water quality were investigated in the Garolim coastal areas of Yellow Sea, Korea from 1998 to 2007. Water samples were collected at 3 stations and physicochemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids(SS), chemical oxygen demand(COD), dissolved oxygen(DO) and nutrients. Spatial distribution patterns were not clear among stations but the seasonal variations were distinct except pH and ammonia. The trend analysis by principal component analysis(PCA) during twenty years revealed the significant variations in water quality in the study area. Annual water qualities were clearly classified into 4 clusters by PCA; year cluster 1997, 1998 and 2000-2002, 1999 and 2003-2006/2008. By this multi-variate analysis the annual trends were summarized as follows; In recent years, salinity increased, whereas dissolved inorganic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and COD decreased and water quality generally continued to be in good condition in Gsrolim coastal areas without inflow of freshwater from land. Garolim coastal areas are required to be conserved continuously as important coastal areas for fisheries.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.691-710
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the geochemical and benthic environment of three shellfish farms in Suncheon Bay during the period of September 2014 ~ April 2015. Three sampling stations were selected; St.1 is the shellfish farm of razor clam near Jangsan area. St.2 is the shellfish farm of small ark shell near Hwapo area and St.3 is the shellfish farm of razor clam near Yongdu area. Razor clam was the dominant species at St.1, small ark shell and granulated ark shell were dominant at St.2 and St.3, respectively. Granulated ark shell inhabited St.3, although it is not cultured at that station. This station's exposure to air during the ebb tide and sediment composition likely provides the appropriate habitat for granulated ark shell species. Analysis of the number of different species showed that 8 benthos species were found to be distributed at St.1, 18 species at St.2, and 13 species at St.3. Among three stations, the highest Ignition Loss (IL), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) values were obtained from the sediment at St.2. The analysis of pore water from St.2 also showed the highest values of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), ammonia ($NH_4^+$), Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate ($PO_4^{3-}$). These results are related to the fact that species dominance and richness is the highest in St.2.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2010

To investigate the variations of physico-chemical factors in four stations (Hanlim, Aewol, Sinchon, Hamdeok) at Jeju coastal area, Water temperature, Salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_4-N$), nitrite-nitrogen ($NO_3-N$), nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_2-N$) were analysed. The ranges of water temperature were from 26.23 to $28.6^{\circ}C$, the salinity were from 31.4 to 32.88‰, the pH were from 8.15 to 8.35, the chemical oxygen were from 0.48 to 0.91 mg $L^{-1}$. A total of 52 strains of marine actinomycetes was isolated from Jeju Island coastal area. They were characterized by determining morphological and physio-biochemical properties, the API kit and confirmed by molecular methods including partial sequencing of 16S rRNA. A neighbor-joining tree of partial 16S rRNA sequences divided the 52 isolates in 2 major groups, 22 strains of Gram positive bacteria/Actinobacteria (division)/Actinomycetales (order)/Streptomycineae (suborder)/Streptomycetaceae (family)/Streptomyces (93.1%) and 2 strains of Streptospotangineae (suborder)/Nocardiopsaceae (family)/Nocardiopsis (6.9%).