• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the heavy metal contents in commercial herbal medicines in Korea. Methods: Monitoring of lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury was carried out on 116 samples of eleven types of herbal medicines. Among the total samples, 71 samples were domestic and 45 were imported. The samples were digested using the microwave method. The heavy metal contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and a mercury analyzer. ICP-AES was used to analyze lead, arsenic cadmium. Mercury was analyzed by the amalgamation method. Results: The mean values of the heavy metal contents in the herbal medicines were Pb 0.64mg/kg, As 0.26mg/kg, Cd 0.07mg/kg and Hg 0.004mg/kg. Of the total samples, one violated the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) regulatory guidance on heavy metals in herbal medicines. Lead was detected at more than 5mg/kg in one sample. The measured values of arsenic, cadmium and mercury in the herbal medicines showed levels lower than the recommended levels for herbal medicines in MFDS regulatory guidance. In the comparison of domestic samples with imported herbal medicines, it was found that one domestic sample surpassed the maximum residue limits for lead. Conclusion: These results will be used to establish the regulation and control of heavy metal contents in herbal medicines. In addition, continuous monitoring is needed to ensure confidence in and the safety of these herbal medicines.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 인테리어 분야에서 스웨덴의 현대 디자인 발전에 지대한 영향을 미친 스벤스크 텐의 철학과 인본적 기능주의 디자인의 형성과정과 특성을 알아보고자 함이다. 연구를 함에 있어 스벤스크 텐이 형성되던 동시대 건축과 가구디자인의 디자인 패러다임을 연구하고 이 고유의 브랜드가 당시 유럽의 기능주의 디자인의 흐름 속에서 어떻게 스웨디시 모던 스타일의 대표 주자로 자리 잡게 되었는지에 대한 과정을 이론적으로 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 1930년대 이후 스벤스크 텐의 독창적 정체성을 형성하는 데 결정적 기여를 한 요셉 프랭크의 가구 및 텍스타일 디자인을 동시대 스웨덴의 디자인 사례와 비교하여 스벤스크 텐이 실현하고자 한 인본적 기능주의 디자인을 형태적 재료적 측면에서 분석하고 이를 개념화하였다. 이에 대한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1)공간과 요소, 양식과 기능의 유기성, 2)아말감화를 통한 독창적 공간, 3)추상적 패턴을 통한 공간의 열린 감성, 4)공간을 파괴하지 않는 가구의 형태, 5)합리적 기능주의의 한계 극복.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

현재의 대규모 멀티플레이어 온라인 게임(MMOG)에서 전세계 수백만명의 사용자들은 특정 게임을 공유하며 동시에 참여할 수 있다. MMOG의 참여자들이 증가하면 게임 업계에 상당한 비용 증가와 서비스 품질에 영향을 주는 서버 증설 요구 등의 문제가 발생한다. MMOG의 확장성 문제를 해결할 수 있도록 본 논문에서는 클라우드 컴퓨팅과 P2P 하이브리드 구조를 제시한다. P2P와 클라우드 구조의 기능들은 거의 독립적이나 MMOG를 위하여 두 구조의 개념을 융합하고 최종 결합 형태의 응용 연구에 대한 가능성을 고려하였다. 효율적이고 효과적인 자원의 공급과 부하가 배분되는 본 논문의 하이브리드 구조는 참여자의 처리 능력을 활용함으로써 클라우드에 있는 서버의 부하 즉 상당한 규모의 컴퓨팅 능력과 통신량을 경감시킬 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과 하이브리드 구조에 기반한 MMOG는 전형적인 클라이언트-서버 시스템에 기반한 MMOG보다 통신량이 감소되며 성능이 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

• 약학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.281-287
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• 1986

Atmospheric mercury was collected by gold amalgamation method and analyzed by cold flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The distribution of atmospheric mercury was investigated at seven location (rural I, II, industrial I, II, University and the center of urban) The amount of atmospheric mercury collected at the rural area I (Mt. Seolack) ranged from 0.7 to 1.8ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 1.2ng/$m^3$ (n=4), at the rural area II (Buyeo) ranged from 0.8 to 5.1 ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 2.0ng/$m^3$ (n=8), at the area of the center of urban (Jong-ro 3 Ga, Seoul) ranged from 22.7 to 43.1ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 35.1ng/$m^3$ (n=12), at tae residential area I (Galak Dong, Seoul) ranged from 2.2 to 5.1ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 3. 5 ng/$m^3$ (n=6) at the Chung-Ang University (Heukseok Dong, Seoul) ranged from 2.2 to 176.2 ng/$m^3$, mean value was 36.8 ng/$m^3$ and median value was 16.0 ng/$m^3$ (n=188), at the residential area II (Goowal Dong, Inchon) ranged from 6.4 to 20.7 ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 13.1 ng/$m^3$ (n=10), and at the industrial area (Songhyun Dong, Inchon) ranged from 13.9 to 88.3 ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 38.9 ng/$m^3$ (n=12). The behavior of atmospheric mercury concentration at Chung-Ang University showed high in day time and summer, but low in night-time and winter.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2017

Total mercury (T-Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were determined in marine fisheries (41 species, n=87) commonly consumed in Korea, using a gold amalgamation method and gas chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescent spectroscopy, respectively. Concentrations of T-Hg and MeHg in all samples (31 fish, 4 crustaceans, 4 cephalopods, and 2 gastropod species) were in the range of 0.016-0.495 (mean, 0.093) mg/kg-wet and not detected-0.338 (mean, 0.067) mg/kg-wet, respectively. The concentrations of MeHg in marine fisheries were significantly correlated with T-Hg concentrations (P<0.001). The highest mean concentrations of T-Hg and MeHg were found in fish species, followed by crustaceans. The contribution of MeHg to T-Hg was in the range of 64-95% (mean, 83%) in cephalopods, 28-98% (mean, 69%) in fish, and 26-88% (mean, 57%) in crustaceans. The weekly intakes of T-Hg and MeHg by fisheries consumption for the Korean general population were estimated to be 0.463 and $0.338{\mu}g/kg$ body weight/week, respectively. The concentrations and intakes of T-Hg and MeHg were less than the allowable residue levels and in the range of 12 to 17% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) applied in Korea.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2013

Agricultural tourism is a new kind of industry, which combined agriculture with tourism. It not only has the productive function, but also has the function of improving the quality of ecological environment and supplying people with sightseeing, leisure, vacation. Agricultural tourism is a new kind of industry from the amalgamation of agriculture and tourism: it is based on farm work, characterized by agricultural management, combines agriculture and tourism, and includes the city as a market-place. It satisfies tourist demand with food, lodging, excursions, shopping and entertainment provided by agricultural places and agricultural products. After combining the substance of this study with the primary sources regarding the development of agricultural tourism, I suggest plans for the development of local agricultural tourism on the basis of sustainable tourism theory in case of the Inner Mongolia region. To conduct research, various data such as literature research and surveys are collected and analyzed. According to the result of the research, the Inner Mongolia region has great-wealthy resources for agricultural tourism. However, they have problems as well such as lack of funds, low infrastructure, low business-mind level, low management-mind, the scarcity of mid-supporting organizations for research and education, low awareness, and low service level of the agricultural tourism. In order to solve these problems, have to strengthen publicity, strengthen the county and city communication, educates continuously profession talented person, establish related laws and regulations, increase the integrity of infrastructure. As a developing industry, agricultural tourism is a new field of study which needs more encouraging research. The agricultural tourism of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has only just started development resulting in a limited amount of information available for this study. Future planned work entails a continuous in-depth study of Chinese agricultural tourism, considering Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in particular.

• 의료법학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.9-35
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• 2007

The Health care program in Korea has now been systemized after 30 years of declaring the inauguration of the national health insurance system by the current government. The national health care covering all Korean citizens was achieved after 12 years of implementing the national health insurance and the health care program since 1977. Hundreds of multiple operational agencies managing the insured individually had undergone the amalgamation process from 1998 to 2000, and had been restructured as one agency, the National Health Insurance Corporation. In 2003, the community/area based financial management was also merged together with the employment based financial management. The National health care system of Korea offer various merits, compared with that of other countries, such as health care provision covering all Koreans, low insurance premium, accessibility of medical services/facilities etc. However, there are still some weak features which need to be addressed for improvement; below expectation insurance cover system, mistrust on the medical services, low medical charges resulted from excessive restrictions, and unstable financial status of the national health insurance etc. Therefore, the National health care system should continue to evolve to re-establish itself as more effective national health care system by further strengthening its merits, and by improving its weaknesses; with adopting the positive system to optimize the costs of prescribed medicines/drugs, applying simpler insurance coverage system to calculate the optimum medical charges, promoting private medical insurances, and increasing insurance premium etc.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze harmful heavy metals, sulfur dioxide and residual pesticides in 30 kinds of oriental medical materials. This study was carried out on 30 samples of oriental medical materials. The examination's methods fallow the guideline of Food and Drug Administration. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyze lead, arsenic, cadmium. Mercury was analyzed by amalgamation method. A modified Monier-Williams method was used to analyze sulfur dioxide. The Gas Chromatography / Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD) was used to analyze residual pesticides. Most of the results were within normal limits at baseline. but Cadmium was detected 0.523 mg/kg more than 0.3 mg/kg in Cinnamomi ramulus and Endosulfan was detected 11.595 mg/kg more than 0.2 mg/kg in Alismatis rhizoma. We needs to keep the quality of herbal medicines assessing and controling for safety of herbal medicines.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국석유지질학회 2000년도 제7차 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.14-30
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• 2000

Hierarchically controlled sequence stratigraphic analysis shows that the Lower Ordovician mixed carbonate-siliciclastic Mungok Formation, Korea consists of three depositional sequences: T1, T2, and T3. Sequence boundaries are generally marked by abrupt transition from coarse-grained shallow-water carbonates to fine-grained deeper-water carbonates mixed with fine-grained siliciclastics, and show indication of subaerial exposure such as karstification. Within this sequence stratigraphic framework, facies characteristics indicate that the Mungok sequences were mostly deposited in subtidal ramp environments. High-frequency cycles consist of upward-shallowing facies successions. Cycles of shallow-water and basinal deposits are not represented well, probably due to cycle amalgamation. Cycle stacking patterns do not show a consistent thickness change that reflects a large-scale sea-level change due to unfilled accommodation space. The Mungok sequences show that many factors including relative sea-level change and topography are involved in controlling sequence development on carbonate ramps. The depositional setting evolved from the high-energy ramps in the sequences T1 and T2 into the low-energy ramp in the sequence T3. Topography is interpreted to have been responsible for the different energy regimes of the carbonate ramps in the Mungok sequences. The high ramp gradient in the sequences T1 and T2 seems to be caused by space-time-dissociated differential sedimentation resulting in spatially narrow distribution of sediment filling, which in turn may be related to high rate of relative sea-level change. In contrast, low ramp gradient was maintained in the sequence T3 during slow changes of relative sea level resulting in broad distribution of sediment filling.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 우리나라 생활폐기물 대형소각시설(200톤/일 이상) 9개소에서 발생되는 소각재중, 바닥재에 대한 금속류의 용출시험 및 함량시험을 수행하여 유해특성과 유해잠재성을 고찰하였다. 용출시험은 우리나라 폐기물공정시험방법에 따라 수행하였으며, 함량시험은 수은(Hg)의 경우 열분해금아말감원자흡광분광기(TDA-AAS)로 측정하고, 납 등 9개 원소는 US-EPASW-846 3050B방법으로 전처리하고 불꽃원자흡광분광기(FAAS) 또는 유도결합플라스마원자발광분광기(ICP-AES)로 측정하였다. 용출시험 결과, 납과 구리가 주 오염물질이었다. 함량시험결과, 철이 가장 높은 농도로 나타났고 농도는 Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Pb>Cr>As>Cd>Hg 순으로 나타났으며, 각 소각시설마다 농도순이 평균적으로는 같았다.