• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 1991

The water extract of Gamisamryungbaekchool-San increased the lifespan of mice implanted intraperitoneally with sarcoma 180. Significant depression of lethal toxicity of cis-platin $(45{\mu}M/kg,\;s.c)$ and renal toxicity (indicated by an increase in blood urea nitrogen value and creatinine value) of cis-platin $(35{\mu}M/kg,\;s.c)$ were observed in mice and rats treated with Gamisamryungbaekchool-San. RBC and WBC were significantly decreased in rats treated with cis-platin, and significant depression of hematologic toxicities of cis-platin $(35{\mu}M/kg,\;s.c)$ in rats treated with Gamisamryungbaekchool-San. After all, alleviative effect of the side actions of cis-platin was acknowledged by combined usage of Gamisamryungbaekchool-San and cis-platin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1992

The water extract of Gamidaebo-Tang depressed the lethal toxicity of cis-platin$(45{\mu}M/kg,\;s.c.)$, and mitomycin C (6mg/kg, s.c.). Significant depression of renal toxicity(indicated by an increased blood urea nitrogen value and creatinine value) of cis-platin $(35{\mu}M/kg)\;s.c.)$, was observed in mice treated with Gamidaebo-Tang. In rats treated with mitomycin C and Gamidaebo-Tang, the increased LDH activity and reduced total protein and albumin contents by mitomycin C were significantly depressed. The number of WBC was significantly increased in rats treated with mitomycin C but in the rats treated with mitomycin C and Gamidaebo-Tang, the number of WBC was increased and the hematocrit value and the number of RBC and Hgb were significantly increased in the dose-dependent manner. Therefore, bone marrow toxicity of mitomycin C in the rats treated with Gamidaebo-Tang was depressed. In the end, alleviative effects of the side actions of cis-platin and mitomycin C were acknowledged by combined usage of Gamidaebo-Tang and these anti-neoplastic drugs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 2009

To investigate the alleviative effects of jujube water extract (JWE) on the inflammation and skin barrier damage, both the irradiation of UVB and the application of squalene monohydroperoxide (Sq-OOH) were applied to the back skin of experimental animals for 4 weeks. And at the same time experimental materials were applied topically. Six weeks female SKH-1 hairless mice were divided into five groups (five animals for each group) including normal (N; saline), control (C; UVB+Sq-OOH+saline), vehicle control (VC; UVB+Sq-OOH+vehicle), positive control (PC; UVB+Sq-OOH+0.01% retinoic acid) and experimental (E; UVB+Sq-OOH+JWE) groups. The skin erythema index in the E group was significantly low compared to the C group (p<0.05). Lipid (p<0.05) and water (p<0.01) capacities in the E group were significantly high compared to the C group. In comparison with the C group, E group showed a relatively well preserved lipid lamellae in the epidermis and a relatively much less infiltration of mast cells in the dermis or hypodermis. As for the both absolute and relative weights of the spleen, PC group were significantly higher than the other groups. These results suggest that JWE have a considerably inhibitory effect on the inflammation and the skin barrier damage induced by UVB irradiation and Sq-OOH application.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.26.1-26.12
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• 2022

Background: Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter. Excessive glutamate causes excitatory toxicity and increases intracellular calcium, leading to neuronal death. Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein that regulates calcium homeostasis. Quercetin is a polyphenol found in plant and has neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. Objectives: We investigated whether quercetin regulates apoptosis by modulating parvalbumin expression in glutamate induced neuronal damage. Methods: Glutamate was treated in hippocampal-derived cell line, and quercetin or vehicle was treated 1 h before glutamate exposure. Cells were collected for experimental procedure 24 h after glutamate treatment and intracellular calcium concentration and parvalbumin expression were examined. Parvalbumin small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection was performed to detect the relation between parvalbumin and apoptosis. Results: Glutamate reduced cell viability and increased intracellular calcium concentration, while quercetin preserved calcium concentration and neuronal damage. Moreover, glutamate reduced parvalbumin expression and quercetin alleviated this reduction. Glutamate increased caspase-3 expression, and quercetin attenuated this increase in both parvalbumin siRNA transfected and non-transfected cells. The alleviative effect of quercetin was statistically significant in non-transfected cells. Moreover, glutamate decreased bcl-2 and increased bax expressions, while quercetin alleviated these changes. The alleviative effect of quercetin in bcl-2 family protein expression was more remarkable in non-transfected cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that parvalbumin contributes to the maintainace of intracellular calcium concentration and the prevention of apoptosis, and quercetin modulates parvalbumin expression in glutamate-exposed cells. Thus, these findings suggest that quercetin performs neuroprotective function against glutamate toxicity by regulating parvalbumin expression.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

To investigate the alleviative effect of white tea water extract on the inflammation and skin barrier damage, skin aging animal model was produced by the irradiation of UVB to the backs of hairless mice for 12 weeks. And then experimental materials were applied topically for 4 weeks. At the 28th day of experiment, positive control (PC, 0.01% retinoic acid treatment) and experimental groups (E1, 1% white tea water extract treatment; E2, 2% white tea water extract treatment) had significantly (p<0.001) lower values of both skin erythema index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) than the control (C, saline treatment) group. The appearance of mast cell and the degree of its degranulation in dermal and subcutaneous layers were remarkably reduced in E1 and E2 groups compared to the C group. It is found that white tea water extract is effective in skin barrier damage and inflammation in hairless mouse.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.421-428
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• 2014

In general, Reucedani Radix (Peucedanum japonicum Thunbergis: PJ) is the Korean traditional herbal medicine used to remove dampness, to relieve pain, and spasm. So, PJ folium is believed to have the same effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the alleviation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis in mice by PJ folium. 25 mice were divided into 5 groups: normal, DSS, DSS + 100 mg/kg PJ folium (PJ100), DSS + 500 mg/kg PJ folium (PJ500), and DSS + 150 mg/kg 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) groups. Body weights, colon lengths, histological changes in colon tissue, and spleen weights were observed. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma were measured by ELISA. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-a mRNA expression in colon tissue were detected by RT-PCR. In the results, body weight lose was inhibited in PJ100, PJ500, and 5-ASA groups, but it was not different compared with DSS group, significantly. PJ500 group showed the preventive effects of colon length shorten and histological changes in colon tissues as good as 5-ASA group. The weight of spleen was increased in DSS group but it reduced in PJ100, PJ500, and 5-ASA groups. Moreover, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ cytokine levels in plasma were reduced in PJ500 and 5-ASA groups. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-a mRNA expression in colon tissue were inhibited in PJ100, PJ500, and 5-ASA groups and it was significantly different compared with DSS group. In conclusion, PJ folium showed the alleviative effect on DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1998

The tannic acid (0.5 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/mi, 2.0 mg/ml) and/or cadmium (20 mg/kg) were administered by oral administration. The results were as follows: 1. There were adverse effects on the weight changes and water consumption. But, the extent of adverse changes were decreased by tannic acid administration. 2. Also, there were some significant changes in organ weight, especially relative liver weight and relative brain weight by cadmium administration, but Ta1.0 group was significant changes in relative liver weight, relative lung weight and relative thymus weight compared with control group. 3. In the hematological patterns of administered mice, there were significant changes between cadmium treated groups and control group. Hemoglobin contents, packed cell volume, platelet count and neutrophill count were significantly change compared with control group. These changes were not shown in tannic acid treated group. 4. There were serological enzymatic changes in the cadmium treated mouse. In the tannic acid treated group 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/ml, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine were recovered to the extent of control group. From the above results, the tannic acid has some possible alleviative effects of cadmium toxicity upto the 2.0 mg/ml/day of oral dose for 4 weeks. But we need further study of mechanism for toxicty alleviating action of tannic acid to the heavy metals like cadmium.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.442-452
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• 2020

Backgroud: Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs learning and memory by inhibiting hippocampal functioning at molecular and cellular levels. Abnormal autophagy and apoptosis are closely associated with neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. This study is aimed to explore the alleviative effect and the underlying molecular mechanism of stem-leaf saponins of Panax notoginseng (SLSP) on the abnormal neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in hippocampus of mice with impaired learning and memory induced by SD. Methods: Mouse spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test. Neuronal morphological changes were observed by Nissl staining. Autophagosome formation was examined by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent staining, acridine orange staining, and transient transfection of the tf-LC3 plasmid. Apoptotic event was analyzed by flow cytometry after PI/annexin V staining. The expression or activation of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting assay. Results: SLSP was shown to improve the spatial learning and memory of mice after SD for 48 h, accomanied with restrained excessive autophage and apoptosis, whereas enhanced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in hippocampal neurons. Meanwhile, it improved the aberrant autophagy and apoptosis induced by rapamycin and re-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling transduction in HT-22 cells, a hippocampal neuronal cell line. Conclusion: SLSP could alleviate cognitive impairment induced by SD, which was achieved probably through suppressing the abnormal autophagy and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. The findings may contribute to the clinical application of SLSP in the prevention or therapy of neurological disorders associated with SD.