• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2009

In order to enhance the functionality of a cotton fabric actually used as a clothing material for patients, the fabrics were treated with a chitosan/nanosilver mixed solution. The nanosilver had excellent biocompatibility, provided expectation of an additional performance, did not harm human beings, and supplements chitosan, which was disadvantaged if used alone for fabric treatment. The nanosilver was mixed thereto and a treatment effect due to a mixing ratio was considered. This study was observed through mechanical properties and hand value which were the important function. The treatment of chitosan/nanosilver mixed solution gave a smoother surface than the treatment of chitosan alone. As a result of evaluation of the forms according to KES-FB system, Koshi was deduced, and both Numeri and Fukurami were increased. Thereby, the cotton fabric was a little smooth to provide elasticity, due to the treatment of chitosan/nanosilver mixed solution. THV of the treated fabrics calculated from this basis increased at all mixing ratio as compared with the untreated fabric. The fabrics treated with chitosan/nanosilver mixed solution were shown a better THV than the fabric treated with chitosan alone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

The dyeing powder drawn out from Dryopteris crassirhizoma by water was concentrated. Using this powder, the silk and the cotton fabrics were dyed and they measured with the K/S value, surface color, mordant quantity in order to evaluate the dyeability, antimicrobial and deodorant properties. The colorant of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was proved flavonoids by FT-IR spectrum. The K/S values of silk were much higher than those of cotton, the color yield of the silk and cotton fabric were most efficient the postmordanting method. The surface colors on the dyed fabric depended heavily upon mordants used or mordanting methods. For all cases, the value of the dyed fabric was generally dark. The chroma produced clear for the Al-mordant of silk and the Cu-mordant of cotton in the 3% concentration of mordants, the color difference was distinct when using the Fe-mordant. The K/S values of cationized cotton were much higher than cotton. The color fastness was significantly improved when mordants were added, In the case of the light fastness, Fe and Cu-mordants improved more than 1 level. The Cu-mordant showed the greatest antimicrobial and deordarant activity on both of the silk and the cotton.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2002

This study is performed to investigate the effect of the mordant and chitosan on the colorfastness to laundering and physical properties of the mordanted, chitosan treated and natural - dyed cotton, silk and acrylics substrates. Natural dyes are extracted from Gromwell by boiled water. Three different compounds of Al, Cu, Sn and Chitosan are used as mordanting agents. The result of this study is summarized as follows: 1. Color of the fabrics dyed with Gromwell changes redder, bluer and darker after chitosan treated and mordanting. 2. After washing, the color of natural dyes changes more light and gray, Chitosan and Cu mordanting gives better colorfastness in washing than any others. 3. All chitosan treated fabrics improve air permeability. 4. In the chitosan treated fabrics, a half life of the static electricity is shown good result.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.3 s.88
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of covering yarn's twist on mechanical properties of knitted fabrics of composite yarns with single covering process. Four yarns that were used in this study: two different composite yarns made from the four kinds of cotton and functional polyester-(Poly-A) with the ratio of 52:48, and the rest two yarns are the original cotton 100% yarn and the poly-A 100% yarn. The two kinds of composite yarns, CP1 and CP2, were processed on the single covering process. CP1 was applied on the single covering process with S-800 tpm, where Poly-A was used as covering yarn and cotton was used as core yarn. CP2 was applied on the same process as CP1 except that Poly-A had been applied on the two-for-one twisting process with S-400 tpm on the previous step. Sixteen mechanical properties of all the four knifed fabrics knitted under the same knitting conditions were measured by KES-FB system with the outer knit condition. And 3D CAD dressmaking simulations, which were driven by some of the mechanical properties, were presented. The results were as follows: CP2 had high RT values with twisting of covering yarn. CP2 also had high B, 2HB values because of higher linear density. SMD was affected rather by twisting of covering yarn than by fine hair of the cotton surface. Twisting of covering yarn made it decreasing T value and increasing W value. Dressmaking 3D CAD simulations showed that there are buckling effects on CP2 because of high bending rigidity and shear rigidity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1754-1760
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• 2007

To improve poor dye uptake of safflower yellow colorants, cellulose fibers were pretreated with chitosan. The effect of chitosan pretreatment on the dyeability of safflower yellow colorants to cotton, ramie, and rayon was investigated in terms of dye uptake, color, and colorfastness. Irrespective of fiber types, dye uptake increased continuously with increase in chitosan concentration. Chitosan pretreatment improved dye uptake up to 5.6 times for cotton, 7.2 times for ramie, and 3.7 times for rayon. For cotton and ramie, the shade of dyed fabric changed YR color to Y color with increase in chitosan concentration. Dyed rayon fabrics showed Y color irrespective of chitosan concentration. Shades got darker and deeper with increasing chitosan concentration. Shades of chitosan pretreated fabrics were shifted differently depending on dyeing temperature within same fabrics. In common, the color of all dyed fabrics changed to YR at 50 and $70^{\circ}C$ while Y color at 30 and $90^{\circ}C$. V and C value decreased with increase in dyeing temperature and resulted in darker and duller color, in general. Light fastness was fair while washing fastness was poor. It was confirmed that ultrasonic dyeing method enhanced dye uptake more than 30% for cotton and ramie fabrics compared to the conventional automatic machine dyeing method. However, no difference in dye uptake between two dyeing methods was found for rayon.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Wood vinegar and Asarum sieboldii Miquel were selected as candidate materials showed antimicrobial activity and insect repellent activity. These natural pesticides have its own color and these could cause color difference on fabric materials. In the present study, we investigated the color difference of undyed and dyed fabrics to evaluate negative effect of wood vinegar and A. sieboldii Miquel. Undyed and dyed fabrics were exposed to natural pesticides of various concentrations for six months in relative humidity 70% and temperature $28^{\circ}C$. After exposure of pesticides, color difference (${\Delta}E*$) were investigated at two weeks intervals for six months. As a results, dyed cotton, silk and undyed silk fabrics exposed wood vinegar were not nearly changed in their colors, but color of only undyed cotton fabric was clearly changed by wood vinegar. Especially color difference by wood vinegar on undyed cotton fabric was most distinct as the concentration increased. On the other hand, all of fabrics exposed A. sieboldii Miquel were not nearly changed in their colors for six months. Therefore, this study first suggests that wood vinegar and A. sieboldii Miquel as natural insecticides could be used to conserve for textile cultural properties from insects and microorganism, but wood vinegar couldn't use the high concentration on undyed cotton fabric.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.646-652
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• 2017

In order to clarify an availability of water treatment for persimmon extract dyeing, effect of color developing by water treatment process on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon extract was investigated. Dyed fabrics were dipped still water and circulation water in various temperature. Concerning water color developing, still water color developing and circulation water color developing have been examined, and the temperature of water has been apprehended to prepare an effective basis of water color development. The surface color based on circulation water color development displays low values of $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$, and the range of the c value(Munsell chroma) is narrow and has the value of 2 to 3, thus displays the coloration of a dark tone. The effect of temperature in water color development was insignificant, due to the small difference in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$. At $80^{\circ}C$, remarkable color development manifested, which is evidence of the high influence of temperature. The effects of circulation were clear at low temperatures, and the effects of temperature highly manifested at high temperatures. Circulation water color development display great color development at all temperatures to allow industrial color development with the absence of sunlight, thereby having an effect of energy reduction and developing color in dark tones, however this also is a strength of persimmon extract concerning color diversification, and is judged to have great value of industrial and practical application.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1985

The effect of temperature, washing time, mechanical agitation and concentration on the removal from cotton fabrics of tripalmitin labelled with C\sup 14\ were studied. In order to correlate the detergency with the removal mechanism, solubilization and suspending power of surfactants were observed. RESULTS : 1. The detergency from cotton fabric was increased with elevating temperature and over the temperature of maximum detergency, the rate of soil removal was rather decreased. 2. The effects of washing time and mechanical agitation on the removal of triplamitin were obvious at lower temperature. 3. The removal of tripalmitin was remarkably increased at higher concentration over cmc for all surfactants. The detergency of nonionic surfactant -NPPG- was best, this was resulted from its large solubilization and suspending power.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 1995

Cellulosic fabrics, i.e. rayon, polynosic, and linen were treated with liquid ammonia at -33.4$^{\circ}C$. The fine structures, bending properties, tensile strength, wrinkle recoveries, and dyeing properties of the treated fabrics were studied. Dyeing was carried out with two direct dyes, C. I. Direct Red 2 and Blue 1. The liquid ammonia treatment for three fabrics brought about the transition of crystal lattices and the decrease of crystallinity; transforming cellulose I structure of original linen to cellulose I and III structure, and cellulose II structure of original rayon and polynosic to cellulose II and III structure. Moisture regain of liquid ammonia- treated polynosic and linen was higher than that for untreated, and water absorbency of liquid ammonia-traeated fabrics was all lower than that of untreated. Also, bending properties of treated fabrics were not improved compared with those of untreated ones. The rayon treated with liquid ammonia was increased not only the apparent diffusion coefficient and the rate of dyeing but also equilibrium dye adsortion, whereas polynosic and linen were increased only equilibrium dye adsortion. It is suggested that the pore sizes of liquid ammonia-treated rayon, polynosic, and linen are much smaller than that of liquid ammonia-treated cotton.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to revive the colors of combination dyeing and mixed dyeing with natural dyestuffs. The fabrics used were cotton and rayon. The natural dyestuffs used in this research were indigo, Phellodendron amurense, and Caesalpinia sappan. The effects of combination dyeing were as follows. First, all samples showed deeper colors. Second, according to the results of the surface K/S measurement, while the surface K/S of cotton was over 15, that of rayon was over 17. Third, the results of the light fastness measurement showed the superiority (by over grade 4) of all the samples, except in the case of rayon fiber sample no. 6 (which had been pre-dyed with indigo five times before being dyed with P. amurense once and then being dyed with C. sappan once). In the color fastness to washing measurement, all fibers showed superiority (by over grade 3~4). In addition, the color fastness to dry cleaning of all fibers was satisfactory or excellent (by over grade 3). Fourth, according to the results of the tensile strength measurement, it tended to decrease in the case of cotton and increase in the case of rayon. Fifth, the results of the density measurement showed that the density of cotton decreased by about 15~20% in the case of warp and 10% in the case of weft for all samples. The density of rayon decreased 20% in the case of warp for all samples and increased 30% in the case of weft for all samples.