• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.751-763
• /
• 2005

Statement of problem. To improve a direct implant fixation to the bone, various strategies have been developed focusing on the surface of materials. The surface quality of the implant depends on the chemical, physical, mechanical and topographical properties of the surface. The different properties will interact with each other and a change in thickness of the oxide layer may also result in a change in surface energy, the surface topography and surface, chemical composition. However, there is limited the comprehensive study with regard to changed surface and biologic behavior of osteoblast by anodization. Purpose of study. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of an oxide layer formed and to evaluate the cellular biologic behaviors on titanium by anodic oxidation (anodization) by cellular proliferation, differentiation, ECM formation and gene expression. And the phospholipase activity was measured on the anodized surface as preliminary study to understand how surface properties of Ti implant are transduced into downstream cellular events. Methods and Materials. The surface of a commercially pure titanium(Grade 2) was modified by anodic oxidation. The group 1 samples had a machined surface and other three experimental specimens were anodized under a constant voltage of 270 V(Group 2), 350 V(Group 3), and 450 V(Group 4). The specimen characteristics were inspected using the following five categories; the surface morphology, the surface roughness, the thickness of oxide layer, the crystallinity, and the chemical composition of the oxide layer. Cell numbers were taken as a marker for cell proliferation. While the expression of alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 (Cbfa1) was used as early differentiation marker for osteoblast. The type I collagen production was determined, which constitutes the main structural protein of the extracellular matrix. Phospholipase $A_2$ and D activity were detected. Results. (1) The anodized titanium had a porous oxide layer, and there was increase in both the size and number of pores with increasing anodizing voltage. (2) With increasing voltage, the surface roughness and thickness of the oxide film increased significantly (p<0.01), the $TiO_2$phase changed from anatase to rutile. During the anodic oxidization, Ca and P ions were more incorporated into the oxide layer. (3) The in vitro cell responses of the specimen were also dependant on the oxidation conditions. With increasing voltage, the ALP activity, type I collagen production, and Cbfa 1 gene expression increased significantly (p<0.01), while the cell proliferation decreased. (4) In preliminary study on the relation of surface property and phospholipase, PLD activity was increased but $PLA_2$ activity did not changed according to applied voltage. Conclusion. The anodized titanium shows improved surface characteristics than the machined titanium. The surface properties acquired by anodization appear to give rise more mature osteoblast characteristics and might result in increased bone growth, and contribute to the achievement of a tight fixation. The precise mechanism of surface property signaling is not known, may be related to phospholipase D.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.601-611
• /
• 1998

Ion irradiation is a very promising tool to modify the chemical structure and physical properities of polymers. This study was aimed to evaluate the cellular adhesion to ion beam-irradiated surface of biodegradable poly-l-lactide(PLLA) membrane. The PLLA membrane samples were irradiated by using 35 KeV $Ar^+$ to fluence of $5{\times}10^{13}$, $5{\times}10^{14}$ and $5{\times}10^{15}\;ion/cm^2$. Water contact angles to control and each dose of ion beam-irradiated PLLA membranes were measured. Cultured fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts were seeded onto control and each dose of ion beam-irradiated PLLA membranes and cultured. After 24 hours, each PLLA membranes onto which osteoblasts attached were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Osteoblasts were removed from each PLLA membrane and then, the vitality and the number of cells were calibrated. Alkaline phosphatase of detached cells from each PLLA membranes were measured. Ion beam-irradiated PLLA membranes showed no significantly morphological change from control PLLA membranes. In the measurement of water contact angle to each membrane, the dose range of ion beam employed in this study reduced significantly contact angles. Among them, $5{\times}10^{14}\;ion/cm^2$ showed the least contact angle. The vitalities of osteoblastes detached from each membranes were confirmed by flow cytometer and well attached cells with their own morphology onto each membranes were observed by SEM. A very strong improvement of the cell adhesion and proliferation was observed for ion beam-irradiated surfaces of PLLA membranes. $5{\times}10^{15}\;ion/cm^2$ exhibited the most strong effect also in cellular adherence. ALPase activities also tended to increase in ion beam-irradiated membranes but statistical differences were not found. These results suggested that ion beam irradiation is an effective tool to improve the adhesion and spreading behaviour of the cells onto the biodegradable PLLA membranes for the promotion of membrane-tissue integration.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2005

Cholestatic liver disease is a frequent complication of prolonged parenteral nutrition, especially in premature infants. Numerous factors have been cited as contributing to TPN associated cholestasis. However the exact etiology remains obscure. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been reported to be beneficial far children and adults with various chronic cholestatic liver disease. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the preventive effects of UDCA administration during TPN. Seventeen pediatric patients (8 boys and 9 girls) undergoing TPN were assigned randomly to two groups, UDCA and placebo group. UDCA group (n=9) received 15 mg/kg/day UDCA and placebo group (n=8) received 15 mg/kg/day placebo enterally during the TPN period. Liver function tests (total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase) were per-formed before TPN and weekly or three times a week. The patients' weights, complete blood count, composition of TPN, and the infusion rate of TPN and lipid were monitored everyday. Calcium and phosphate were monitored twice a week. Between the UDCA and placebo groups, there were no differences in weight at the onset of TPN, birth weight, duration of TPN, respiratory distress syndrome associated with prematurity, age at the onset of TPN, gestational age, the number of days the patients received antibiotics, the number of patients received enteral nutritions and the composition of TPN. In contrast, there was a significant difference between the UDCA and placebo groups in alanine aminotransferase levels during TPN. It doesn't seem that UDCA administration during TPN correlates directly with improvement of liver function. But the preventive administration of UDCA may be effective in reducing liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase and has no adverse effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.124-130
• /
• 2002

두충잎의 생약 및 식품 자원으로서의 이용성을 증진시킬 목적으로 두충잎의 물추출물을 사염화탄소를 투여한 흰쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 정상군, 사염화탄소군, 두충잎 물추출액 투여군, 사염화탄소 처리 후 두충잎 물추출액을 투여한 군의 4개군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 혈청 중의 AST, ALT, LDH 활성은 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 현저히 증가하였으나 두충잎 물추출물을 함께 투여함으로 정상군과 수준으로 회복되었다. 한편 사염화탄소에 의해 증가된 혈청중의 ALP 활성은 두충잎 투여에 의해 유의성 있게 감소하지 않았다. 혈청 중의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤 함량과 LDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 사염화탄소군에서만 유의적인 증가를 나타내었을 뿐 나머지 각군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편 혈청 중의 HDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 두충 단독 투여군 및 사염화탄소 투여 후 두충잎 투여군이 정상군 및 사염화탄소 단독 투여군들보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 간조직 중의 총콜레스테롤, 총지질, 중성 지질의 함량은 사염화탄소에 의해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으나 두충잎 물추출액의 투여로 인해 이들의 함량이 유의성 있는 감소는 관찰되지 않았다. 광학현미경에 의한 간소직 세포의 병리학적인 검사에서는 사염화탄소군에서 간손상시 나타나는 간조직의 지방변화, 풍선양 변성, 호산성 변성, 국소성 괴사, 부위별 괴사가 관찰되었으나 그후 두충잎 투여에서 변화가 나타나지 않아 간 손상이 회복되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 두충잎 열수 추출물은 $CCl_4$에 의해 손상된 간기능을 회복시키는데 효과가 있었으며, 특히 혈청지질 개선에 탁월한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제45권9호
• /
• pp.509-514
• /
• 2012

We have found that the previously uncharacterized bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) is one of the most osteogenic factors. However, it is unclear if BMP9 cross-talks with $TGF{\beta}1$ during osteogenic differentiation. Using the recombinant BMP9 adenovirus, we find that low concentration of rh$TGF{\beta}1$ synergistically induces alkaline phosphatase activity in BMP9-transduced C3H10T1/2 cells and produces more pronounced matrix mineralization. However, higher concentrations of $TGF{\beta}1$ inhibit BMP9-induced osteogenic activity. Real-time PCR and Western blotting indicate that BMP9 in combination with low dose of $TGF{\beta}1$ potentiates the expression of later osteogenic markers osteopontin, osteocalcin and collagen type 1 (COL1a2), while higher concentrations of $TGF{\beta}1$ decrease the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin but not COL1a2. Cell cycle analysis reveals that $TGF{\beta}1$ inhibits C3H10T1/2 proliferation in BMP9-induced osteogenesis and restricts the cells in $G_0/G_1$ phase. Our findings strongly suggest that $TGF{\beta}1$ may exert a biphasic effect on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.273-283
• /
• 2000

흰쥐에서 납 독성에 대한 녹차의 방어효과를 알아보기 위하여 150g 내외의 흰쥐를 대조군, 납 단독투여군, 납-녹차 투여군으로 나누어 4주, 8주간 lead acetate (500 ppm)를 1주에 2번씩 복강 투여하였고, 녹차침수액(3g of tea/100m1 of water)은 식수로 공급하였다. 생화학적 및 형태학적 실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. ALP값은 대조군에 비해 실험군 모두 감소하였고, 납-녹차투여군은 납 단독투여군보다 감소가 완화되었다. BUN는 대조군에 비해 실험군 모두 증가하였고, 납 녹차투여군은 납 단독투여군보다 증가가 완화되었다. 2. 신장의 전자현미경적 결과 B-1군은 미세융모, 사립체가 변형되었다. 다수의 리소좀이 관찰되었다. 핵의 모양은 불규칙하게 나타났다. B-2군은 미세융모가 잘 발달되었다. 다수의 사립체와 리소좀이 관찰되었다. rER의 수조는 팽창되고 수가 감소하였고 핵은 정상적으로 관찰되었다. C-1군은 대부분의 미세융모가 탈락, 변성되었고, 다수의 리소좀을 관찰할 수 있었다. 사립체는 감소, 변형되었다. 핵은 함입되어 불규칙하였다. C-2군은 미세융모의 일부가 팽창되거나 변화되었고, 다른 세포소기관들은 B-2군과 비슷한 양상을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.706-711
• /
• 2009

옥수수 글루텐 가수분해물(corn gluten hydrolysates, CGH)의 알코올 대사 및 간 기능 보호효과에 대한 효과를 알아보았다. 즉, 흰쥐에게 4주간 시료를 함유한 알코올을 경구투여함에 의해 간 손상을 유도시키고, 혈액 중 생화학적 간 기능 지표(ALP, GOT, GPT), 간세포 내 항산화 효소(SOD, GPX, catalase)와 지질과산화물(MDA) 및 알코올 대사와 관련된 효소(ADH, ALDH, MEOS)의 활성을 조사하였다. 또한 알코올 섭취에 따른 경시적인 ethanol과 acetaldehyde 농도에 대한 시료의 효과를 분석하였다. 알코올성 간 손상을 입은 흰쥐의 체중변화 및 간 중량에 대한 에탄올 투여 및 CGH의 효과는 보이지 않았으며, 식이섭취량은 정상군에 비해 CGH 섭취군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 알코올 섭취로 증가된 혈중 ALP 활성은 CGH 처치로 30% 감소한 반면, GOT 및 GPT 활성은 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. 알코올성간 손상에 따른 체내 항산화 반응계 중 catalase 효소활성은 알코올 투여군에 비해 CGH 처리군에서 79%까지 유의적으로 감소하였다. ADH 활성은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, ALDH 활성은 알코올 투여 대조군에 비해 CGH군에서 20% 정도 유의적으로 증가하였다. 특히, CGH는 MEOS활성에 대해 농도 의존적으로 작용하여 3% CGH을 급여한 그룹에서는 알코올 투여 대조군에 비해 20%까지 활성이 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 알코올 단회 투여에 따른 경시적인 혈액 중 ethanol 농도는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 acetaldehyde 농도는 CGH 투여에 의해 급격히 감소하였고, 시간에 따른 곡선 하 면적으로 환산한 결과, 약 60% 정도 감소한 효과를 보였다. 이상과 같이, CGH는 알코올대사과정 중 ALDH 및 MEOS 활성에 작용하여 체내 알코올성 간 손상에 대한 간 기능 보호효과와 함께 ethanol 대사산물인 acetaldehyde의 체내 배출을 촉진시키는 기능성 소재로 활용이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.663-670
• /
• 2018

이 연구는 5가지 물질로 구성된 혼합물의 항산화 및 모발 성장 촉진 효과를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 발효 5종 혼합물은 적양파, 늙은 호박, 검은콩, 솔잎, 검은깨, 발효 2종 혼합물은 적양파, 늙은 호박으로 구성되어있다. 항산화 효과는 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 및 총 플라보노이드 함량으로 측정하였다. 발효 5종 혼합물은 발효 2종 혼합물보다 높은 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성과 플라보노이드 함량을 보였다. 모발 성장 효과는 생체 내 실험을 통해 검증되었다. 알칼리성 인산가수 분해효소(ALP), ${\gamma}$-글루타밀트랜스펩티다아제(${\gamma}-GT$) 및 육안적 관찰을 통해 측정하였다. 실험동물은 샘플에 따라 물(NOR), 판시딜(P-CON), 발효 5종 혼합물(5NC), 발효 2종 혼합물(2NC) 총 4군으로 나눴다. 샘플은 일정한 시간에 하루 1번 4주 동안 경구투여하였다. 5NC군에서 ALP, ${\gamma}-GT$ 활성 모두 2NC에 비해 증가하였다. 육안적 관찰에서 P-CON군은 털이 가장 길고 면도 전의 상태와 유사하였다. 5NC군은 P-CON군과 유사한 수준으로 털이 자랐다. 모든 결과에서 발효 5종 혼합물은 발효 2종 혼합물 보다 높은 항산화 효과와 모발 성장 촉진 효과를 보였다. 결론적으로 발효 5종 혼합물은 유용한 모발 성장 촉진제의 원료로 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.363-376
• /
• 1993

This study was taken to examine serum components concentrations and electrophoretic patterns of female tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) living in 0$\textperthousand$, 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$, and 30$\textperthousand$ salt concentrations, respectively. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows. The level of albumin and total protein showed changes in each salinity, but didn't significantly(P<0.05) change in Oreochromis niloticus. The level of BUN didn't significantly(P<0.05) change. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, each calcium level in every salinity groups showed less than that of control, and didn't significantly change in 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$, 30$\textperthousand$ salinity. The level of calcium didn't significantly(P<0.05) change in each salinity. In 20$\textperthousand$ salinity, the level of cholesterol was at the highest peak. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, each glucose level gradually decreased. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, each glucose level gradually decreased. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$. In 30$\textperthousand$ salinity, the level of alkaline phosphatase was at the highest peak. The level of serum enzyme such as SGOT and SGPT was higher in seawater-adapted group than in freshwater group. The level of phosphorus chnage significantly(P<0.05) in each salinity. Correlation coefficient between serum albumin and glucose in 0$\textperthousand$ was ＋0.924. Correlation coefficient between serum SGOT and SGPT of individuals in 0$\textperthousand$ was ＋0.917. Fraction 1 of transferrin patterns of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) adapted in seawater was much thicker than that of transferrin patterns of individuals adapted in freshwater. Also fraction No. a wasn't observed in some individuals adapted in freshwater. These results showed that transferrin adapted in seawater relatively increased. Slight differences, that is, showed to be observed in total iron binding capacityand iron saturatin rate between tilapia adapted in freshwater and in seawater. The increase in total iron binding capacity was attributed to a rise in transferrin pressent in the first fraction of serum protein adapted in seawater. Accordingly, the serum iron levles seemed to be related to salinity($\textperthousand$).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2011

A total of 96 crossbred weanling barrows aged 21 days were randomly allocated to 32 pens of a new nursery to investigate the effects of antibiotics, phytogenics, and probiotics on intestinal growth and development. The animals were fed a set of three-phase basal diets containing 0.3% zinc oxide (CON) or the basal diets supplemented with 353 ppm of a combination of tiamulin, neomycin, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline (ANTI), 75 ppm triterpenoid saponin plus 150 ppm mixed saccharides (HERB; Sacchapin$^{(R)}$), or $1{\times}10^7$ brewer's yeasts plus $8{\times}10^7$ spores of each of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis per kilogram feed (PROBIO; Yeasture Plus 2B$^{(R)}$) for five weeks. Thirty-two pigs representing as many pens were slaughtered at the end of the feeding trial, after which morphological measures and digestive enzyme activities of intestinal mucosa were determined. Weight gain and gain:feed of the pigs were not affected by the dietary treatments (TRT) during the overall feeding trial. Total intestinal length was greater in PROBIO than in ANTI (P<0.05). Wet mucosa weight of the duodenum was not affected by TRT. However, jejunal mucosa weight was greater in PROBIO than in any other group sum of mucosa weights of the duodenum and jejunum was greater (P<0.05) in PROBIO than in ANTI and HERB. The height and width of duodenal villus were not affected by TRT, but crypt depth decreased (P<0.05) in response to HERB and PROBIO vs CON. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase, lactase, and leucine aminopeptidase in the duodenum and jejunum were not changed by TRT. In conclusion, results suggest that the present dietary treatments have no effects on growth performance of weanling pigs and that of PROBIO enhances intestinal growth and development under a clean experimental setting.