• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.283-289
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• 2014

Personal rapid transit(PRT) systems have been highlighted in future transportation developments as a result of their potential as sustainable and eco-friendly transport solutions that provide demand-responsive mobility services. One of the most important characteristics of the personal rapid transit system(PRT) is that it can be constructed and operated at a low cost. A fundamental study on the alignment of the PRT guideway considering running stability was conducted in the present study. In addition, a parameter analysis of the major alignment design variables such as curve radius, transition curve length and cant was performed by vehicle dynamic analysis and optimum guideway alignments were proposed. The analysis results suggested that the theoretical values were satisfied and also confirmed the possibility of reducing the standard.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.387-392
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• 2011

To investigate the molecular scavenging capabilities of the larvae of Hermetia illucens, two serine proteases (SPs) were cloned and characterized. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 were suggested that Hi-SP1 may be a chymotrypsin- and Hi-SP2 may be a trypsin-like protease. Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 3-D homology models revealed that a catalytic triad, three disulfide bonds, and a substrate-binding pocket were highly conserved, as would be expected of a SP. E. coli expressed Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 showed chymotrypsin or trypsin activities, respectively. Hi-SP2 mRNAs were consistently expressed during larval development. In contrast, the expression of Hi-SP1 mRNA fluctuated between feeding and molting stages and disappeared at the pupal stages. These expression pattern differences suggest that Hi-SP1 may be a larval specific chymotrypsin-like protease involved with food digestion, while Hi-SP2 may be a trypsin-like protease with diverse functions at different stages.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2016

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) are well-defined role as unique cytokine and critical mediator in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases. In this study, we isolated and characterized a full-length of MIF cDNA from the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). The full-length cDNA of abMIF was of 1264 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal UTR of 143 bp, an open reading frame of 360 bp and a 3-terminal UTR of 761 bp. The abalone MIF cDNA encodes a 119-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 13.4 kDa and isoelectric point of 9.07. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis with the deduced abalone MIF protein and showed strong homology with disk abalone (Haliotis discusdiscus). The deduced amino acid sequence of abMIF exhibited homology with other reported MIFs, such as 80%, with that of other disk abalone H. discus discus MIF gene. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that abMIF was highly expression observed in hapatopacreas, intestine, foot, and gonad of normal conditioned abalone. Even though AbMIF mRNA level in hemocytes was low under the normal condition, it was sharply up-regulated and reached the maximum at 6 h post-infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and then decreased at 24 h post-infection. This result indicates that abMIF plays an important role in responding in the innate immune system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.457-465
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• 2015

A method of evaluating the optimal alignment range while considering ride comfort when performing line renewal of curved tracks for speed-up is proposed in this study. The proposed method was applied to analyze the optimal renewal range for horizontal alignments with the smallest curve radii in the Kyung-Bu high-speed line; a parametric study on the effects of various initial design conditions on the permissible renewal range and optimal alignment range was also performed. From the analysis results, it was found that the permissible range is enhanced in proportion to the increase in the curve radius and the cant. It was also verified that a slight adjustment of the horizontal alignment enables speed-up even in the case of R7000/R8000, placed in the ballasted track section of the Kyung-Bu high-speed line.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.173-179
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• 2008

This paper proposes an efficient 1:N matching scheme for fingerprint identification. Usually, in the minutiae-based matching scheme, fingerprint matching score could be calculated by analyzing geometrical similarity between minutiae from two fingerprints. To calculate the geometrical similarity between them, it is necessary to fingerprint align a fingerprint data with the other one. The final matching score is obtained by bidirectional matching in the common fingerprint matching scheme, because the similarity between two fingerprints varies with the result of alignments. The reliability of matching score by the bidirectional matching is better than by the unidirectional matching, but it takes two times comparing with unidirectional matching. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an efficient 1:N fingerprint matching scheme based on the distribution of bidirectional matching scores for the large fingerprints database. The experimental result shows the usefulness of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.326-329
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• 2017

Background: Cultivated ginseng is often introduced as a substitute and adulterant of Russian wild ginseng due to its lower cost or misidentification caused by similarity in appearance with wild ginseng. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and reliable method to differentiate Russian wild ginseng from cultivated ginseng. Methods: The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 7 (nad7) intron 3 regions of Russian wild ginseng and Chinese cultivated ginseng were analyzed. Based on the multiple sequence alignment result, a specific primer for Russian wild ginseng was designed by introducing additional mismatch and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for identification of wild ginseng. Real-time allele-specific PCR with endpoint analysis was used for validation of the developed Russian wild ginseng single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker. Results: An SNP site specific to Russian wild ginseng was exploited by multiple alignments of mitochondrial nad7 intron 3 regions of different ginseng samples. With the SNP-based specific primer, Russian wild ginseng was successfully discriminated from Chinese and Korean cultivated ginseng samples by allele-specific PCR. The reliability and specificity of the SNP marker was validated by checking 20 individuals of Russian wild ginseng samples with real-time allele-specific PCR assay. Conclusion: An effective DNA method for molecular discrimination of Russian wild ginseng from Chinese and Korean cultivated ginseng was developed. The established real-time allele-specific PCR was simple and reliable, and the present method should be a crucial complement of chemical analysis for authentication of Russian wild ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic results of arthrodesis between anterior approach and transfibular approach arthrodesis in ankle arthritis. Materials and Methods: There were 61 cases of ankle arthritis treated by anterior or transfibular ankle arthrodesis in our hospital from April 2008 to March 2012. We investigated 29 cases (27 patients) who underwent ankle arthrodesis with an anterior approach (15 cases) and transfibular approach (14 cases), and were followed for over two years. Clinically, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and subjective satisfaction degrees were evaluated. In addition, ankle coronal and sagittal alignments were evaluated using plain radiographs at 6 and 24 months, postoperatively. Results: Clinically, preoperative mean AOFAS score and VAS was 41.3 and 6.4, and were changed to 58.9 and 3.3 postoperatively in the anterior approach group. In the transfibular approach group, preoperative mean AOFAS score was 36.6 and VAS was 7.1, and they were changed to 54.9 and 3.4 postoperatively. However, no significant differences in the clinical results were observed between the two groups (p=0.297). Duration of attaining union was 8.1 weeks in the anterior approach group and 10.4 weeks in the transfibular approach group. Complications were delayed union in one case, nonunion in three cases, cancellous screw breakage in three cases, and complex regional reflex syndrome in one case. Conclusion: After transfibular ankle arthrodesis as treatment of ankle osteoarthritis, the tendency for valgus angulation of the ankle at the final follow-up was observed and 6.5 mm cancellous screw breakage occurred frequently. Therefore, in order to achieve better stability, it is necessary to use 6.5 mm cannulated screws rather than 6.5 mm cancellous screws for ankle arthrodesis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2005

A virus isolate collected from infected paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) was characterized as Potato virus Y (PVY) based on biological, serological, cytopathological, and molecular properties. In host range studies, the paprika isolate produced the mosaic symptom on some tobacco, tomato and pepper (Capsicum annuum). A new paprika isolate also infected potato cultivars which is different biological characteristic compared to the other popular potyvirus infecting paprika, Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). Previously reported PVY strains, $PVY^o$ and $PVY^N$ did not infect pepper and typical PepMoV isolates did not infect potato. Distinctive inclusion patterns of the scroll, pinwheel, long laminated inclusions, and helper components in the cytoplasm of infected cells were also different to those observed by the typical PVY isolate infections. However, the paprika isolate reacted to the monoclonal antibody of $PVY^N$ strain with high absorbance readings. RT-PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the 3' untranslated region and a part of coat protein gene also added additional evidence of the paprika isolate as the $PVY^N$-related isolate. Multiple alignments as well as cluster dendrograms of PVY-paprika isolate revealed close phylogenetic relationship to the $PVY^N$ subgroup. Altogether, these results suggest that a new PVY isolate infecting paprika contained distinct characteristics compared to the other previously described PVY strains with closer relationship to the $PVY^N$ strain.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus(SPFMV) is one of the most prevalent viruses infecting sweet potatoes and occurs widely in sweet potato cultivating areas in Korea. To assess their genetic variation, a total of 28 samples infected with SPFMV were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analysis using DNAs amplified by RT-PCR with specific primer sets corresponding to the coat protein(CP) region of the virus. The similarity matrix by UPGMA procedure indicated that 28 samples infected with SPFMV were classified into three groups based on the number and size of DNA fragments by digestion of CP-encoding regions with 7 enzymes including SalI, AluI, EcoRI, HindIII, FokI, Sau3AI, and DraI bands. Four primer combinations out of 5 designed sets were able to differentiate SPFMV and sweet potato virus G infection, suggesting that these specific primers could be used to differentiate inter-groups of SPFMV. Sequence analysis of the CP genes of 17 SPFMV samples were 97-99% and 91-93% identical at the intra-group and inter-groups of SPFMV, respectively. The N-terminal region of the CP is highly variable and examination of the multiple alignments of amino acid sequences revealed two residues(residues 31 and 32) that were consistently different between SPFMV-O and SPFMV-RC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.91-101
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• 2003

This study modeled 4-lane highway in three-dimensional virtual reality in order to overcome difficulties of field experiment. and the research subject was placed in a driving simulator. We survey the driver's cognitive characteristics to the alignment changes in the three-dimensional virtual reality highway. Especially, maximizing the identity of driving movements and virtual scenery on the basis of the data obtained by dynamic analysis module. we minimized simulator sickness for the graphic module of driving simulator. And we carried out cognitive evaluation on the basis of adjective words extracted by dictionary and the opinion of specialist. In this study LISREL model was used to detect the causal relation between geometry and safety in cognitive side, and found that geometric change affects the safety of drivers by static and dynamic road safety model in three-dimensional combined alignments. As the result, for constructing safety road. we consider drivers' cognitive characteristics as human factors in road design, and we think that they are very important factors to improve road safety.