• Mycobiology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

Wild yeasts on the surface of various fruits including grapes were surveyed to obtain yeast strains suitable for fermenting a novel wine with higher alcohol content and supplemented with rice starch. We considered selected characteristics, such as tolerance to alcohol and osmotic pressure, capability of utilizing maltose, and starch hydrolysis. Among 637 putative yeast isolates, 115 strains exhibiting better growth in yeast-peptone-dextrose broth containing 30% dextrose, 7% alcohol, or 2% maltose were selected, as well as five ${\alpha}$-amylase producers. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA gene classified the strains into 13 species belonging to five genera; Pichia anomala was the most prevalent (41.7%), followed by Wickerhamomyces anomalus (19.2%), P. guilliermondii (15%), Candida spp. (5.8%), Kodamaea ohmeri (2.5%), and Metschnikowia spp. (2.5%). All of the ${\alpha}$-amylase producers were Aureobasidium pullulans. Only one isolate (NK28) was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. NK28 had all of the desired properties for the purpose of this study, except ${\alpha}$-amylase production, and fermented alcohol better than commercial wine yeasts.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.511-516
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• 1990

토양으로부터 분리한 효모는 내당성, 내알콜성이 있으며 알콜발효능이 우수한 균주를 분리하여 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 동정하였다. 이 균의 특성을 살펴 본 결과 당농도가 60 배지에서도 생육이 가능한 내당성의 특징과 15(v/v) 이상의 에탄올이 함유된 배지에서는 생육할 수 없고 15(v/v) 에탄올에 2일 침적 후 알콜에 의한 알콜발효능의 저해율은 39.1 저해받았으며 8.0의 생존률을 나타내는 내알콜성특징과 2.0mM의 구리가 함유된 배지에서도 생육할 수 있는 내구리성의 특성을 갖고 있었다. 또한 분리균주의 알콜발효특성을 조사한 결과 배지 초기 pH는 4.5, 배양온도는 $30^{\circ}C$, 초기 당농도는 30일 때가 좋았으며 30 당농도의 배지를 사용하여$30^{\circ}C$ 3일 진탕배양에 의해 50.5의 발효수율이 증가한 14.0(w/v)의 알콜을 생산하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1043-1051
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• 2017

본 연구는 각 지역의 생막걸리에서 분리된 야생 효모의 다앙한 발효학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 34종을 수집하고 효모를 분리, 동정하였다. 야생효모는 62 균주로 분리되었고, 26S rDNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과, Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 Pichia kudriavzevii로 동정 되었다. 62개의 균주들 중 발효학적 특성이 우수한 균주들을 선발하기 위해 황화수소와 $CO_2$ 생성능, 알코올 내성, 응집성 및 향기 성분 생성능을 분석하였다. 알코올 내성과 $CO_2$ 생성능의 상관성을 확인하기 위해 주성분분석(Principal Components Analysis)을 하였다. PC1 양의 방향에 강하게 부하되는 균주는 YM37, YM31, YM32, YM22로 분석되었으며, 총 0.14-0.18 g/72 h의 $CO_2$ 생성으로 대조군에 비해 높은 발효능을 보였고, 이들 중 YM22를 제외하고 불쾌취인 황화수소를 생성하지 않았다. 또한 이 4개의 균주들은 알코올 내성 15% 이상을 보유하며, 응집성은 0.5-1.0 mL 사이인 flocculation type으로 확인되었다. API 분석 및 cerulenin, TFL 저항성을 실험한 결과, 향기성분 생성능이 좋은 효모는 황화수소와 알코올 내성, 응집성 실험에서 우수한 발효학적 특성을 보인 YM37, YM31, YM32, YM22를 포함한 총 33개로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 우리나라 생막걸리에서 분리한 야생 효모의 알코올 발효 및 향미 특성을 확인하였으며, 분리된 야생 효모는 주류 제조의 종균 효모로 이용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determined that the efficacy and comfort of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of lidocaine by comparison of local anesthetic duration, sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance levels according to four different cleansing regimes. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups; oil cleansing group, lotion cleansing group, solution cleansing group and alcohol cleansing group. All subjects were received lidocaine iontophoresis on the forearm using direct current with 4 mA for 10 minutes. All subjects were measured the duration of local anesthesia after lidocaine iontophoresis, also evaluated the sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance level during iontophoresis. For comparisons of the efficacy and the sensory characteristics of iontophoresis within the groups, an one-way ANOVA was used. Results: The duration of local anesthesia were found significant difference between groups (p<0.001). The anesthetic duration in solution and alcohol cleansing groups were significantly longer than oil and lotion cleansing group by post hoc (p<0.05). Statistically significant difference were noted in respect to all sensory characteristics such as sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance between groups (p<0.001). The sensory threshold in solution and alcohol cleansing group were significantly lower than oil and lotion cleansing group by post hoc using Duncan multiple range test (p<0.05). The pain threshold and pain tolerance in solution and alcohol cleansing group were significantly higher than oil and lotion cleansing group by post hoc (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that cleansing regimes have affected the efficacy and discomfort of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of lidocaine. These findings indicate that cleansing agents without oil ingredient contributed to more comfort, and more successful achievement of the iontophoretic transdermal delivery.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.167-171
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• 1989

Glucose와 lactose를 이용한 알콜발효에서 Sacchar-omyces cerevisine STV89와 Kluyveromyces fragilis CBS397의 에탄올 내성에 대한 발효온도의 영향에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 최대 비성장 속도와 에탄올 생성 속도는 발효온도에 따라 35$^{\circ}C$까지 증가하였으나 최대 cell 농도와 에탄올 농도는 발효온도 증가에 따라 감소하였다. Cell viability도 역시 발효온도가 낮을수록 향상되었다. 따라서 수행한 실험조건에서 효모의 에탄올 내성은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 우수하였다. 균주의 비교에서 에탄올에 대한 내성이 S. cerevisiae가 K.fragilis보다 동일한 실험조건에서는 더 우수하였으며, 탄소원의 종류에 대한 비교에서 K. fragilis의 에탄올에 할 때보다 더 우수하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

Alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) is an enzyme present in higher plants involved in the anaerobic fermentation pathway that catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to ethanol, resulting in continuous $NAD^+$ regeneration. It also plays an important role in many plant developments including tolerance to anoxia condition. Here, a cDNA clone encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) seedlings. The gene named Bradh1 had a total length of 1,326 bp that contains a single open reading frame of 1,140 bp. The predicted protein consists of 379 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 41.17 kDa. Expression pattern analysis revealed a tissue-specific expressing gene in different tissues and strongly expressed in the shoot, roots and seeds of Chinese cabbage. Agrobacterium transformation of full-length cDNA Bradh1 into rice Gopumbyeo showed high efficiency. Furthermore, induction of ADH in transgenic rice enhanced tolerance to anaerobiosis stresses and elevated mRNA transcripts. The overexpression of Bradh1 in rice increases germination under anaerobiosis stresses, implying the possibility of developing new varieties suited for direct seeding or flood-prone rice field.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to investigate nutritional status of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and identify the risk factors related to IGT Data were collected from 163 men with a fasting blood glucose level from 115 to 139mg/dl(high blood glucose group: HBG) and 170 men with a normal fasting blood glucose level(control) aged from 40 to 59 years in both groups. Weight, body mass index(BMI) and percent body fat were significantly higher in high blood glucose(HBG) group than those of control group. Age, weight, BMI, percent body fat were positively related to blood glucose. There were no differences in exercise, smoking and family history of diabetes between two groups. Frequency of fat eating and overeating of HBG were higher than those of control group but frequency of sweet snacks intake of HBG was lower than that of control group. There was no difference in daily total energy intake in two groups. Total and supper energy intakes were positively associated with blood glucose. Percent energy intake of alcohol was significantly higher in HBG group and positively related to blood glucose, however there were no difference in daily intake of nutrients in two groups. Alcohol intake was positively related to BMI, but after adjusting BMI, there was no correlation between alcohol intake and blood glucose. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in HBG group than those of control group. Serum total cholesterol i,nd triglyceride were positively related to blood glucose and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with blood glucose. After adjusting BMI, serum triglyceride was positively related to blood glucose. In conclusion, weight, BMI, percent body fat and blood total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were positively related to blood glucose level of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance. Their eating habits exhibited higher frequency of overeating, fast eating, high energy intakes of supper. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 59-67, 2000)

• 수면정신생리
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2006

Alcohol has extensive effects on sleep and daytime sleepiness. Alcohol has a sleep inducing effect and the effect of increased non-REM sleep and suppressed REM sleep during the first half portion of night sleep, but alcohol induces the effect of decreased non-REM sleep and increased light sleep and frequent awakenings and REM rebound during the second half portion of night sleep. Alcohol provokes chronobiological change such as the changes of amplitude or the phase shifts of hormones or core body temperature. The sleep disruption resulting from alcohol drinking may lead to daytime fatigue and sleepiness. The elderly are at particular in the increased risk of alcohol-related sleep disorders because they achieve higher levels of alcohol in the blood and brain than do younger adults after consuming an equivalent dose. Bedtime alcohol consumption among older adults may lead to unsteadiness if walking is attempted during the night, with increased risk of falls and injuries. Continued alcohol use for sleep induction often induces aggravation of insomnia, alcoholism or sleep related breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea. Alcohol should not be used as substitution of sleep pill because of the dependence and tolerance for sleep inducing effect, and the sleep disruption produced by alcohol withdrawal.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1160-1164
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• 2008

An novel amylolytic yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae HA 27, isolated from nuruk, displayed resistance against high sugar (50% glucose) and alcohol (15%). Maximal production of amylolytic enzyme by S. cerevisiae HA 27 was achieved on 9 days of cultivation at the optimal temperature $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. The activity of amylolytic enzyme produced by S. cerevisiae HA 27 was stable, even at $70^{\circ}C$, and over a broad pH range (4.0-11.0). Also, the amylolytic enzyme of S. cerevisiae HA 27 showed optimal activity in pH 5.0 at $50^{\circ}C$. S. cerevisiae HA 27 exhibited 6.2%(v/v) alcohol fermentation ability using starch as a carbon source.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 1991

This study deals with investigation of the ethanol tolerance of yeast strains with respect to fatty acid composition and intracelluar ethanol concentration during alcohol fermentation. The cell viabilities and fermentation abilities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis were improved by aeration and addition of unsaturated fatty acids into growth medium. Aeration decreases the accumulation of ethanol, while increases unsaturated fatty acid contents inside yeast cells. Thus it was found that oxygen and unsaturated fatty acids play decisive roles in the increase of ethanol tolerance of yeasts.