• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.593-597
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• 2008

This study was performed for obtaining optimal extraction conditions to produce peach liqueur containing chitosan. Alcohol content of unsliced fruits was the largest recording 30% after extracting for 8 weeks and those of fruits sliced into four pieces were high recording around 28% after extracting for $6{\sim}8$ weeks. Sugar content was $11{\sim}13^{\circ}Brix$, total acidity was around 0.2% and pH was about 4.8. While soluble solids content was around 2.8% in unsliced fruits with a little change of the content, those of fruits sliced into four pieces were ranged from 2.8% to 3.1% and showing a tendency that longer extraction time increased the content. Brownness of unsliced fruits and fruits sliced into four pieces were $0.33{\sim}0.54$ and $0.56{\sim}0.73$ respectively. Total phenol content showed a similar tendency with brownness and the total phenol content of sliced fruits was higher than that of unsliced fruits by only around 0.2 mg%. When peach liqueur was made by extracting unsliced fruits massively by following conditions set above, methanol content grew with longer extraction time but the difference was not significant and the content was detected to be extremely small recording about 50 ppb. Among organic acids, oxalic, malic and citric acids were found, and fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose were detected as free sugars. In conclusion, extracting unsliced fruits for 8 weeks as extraction conditions showed an excellent quality in overall for peach liqueur containing chitosan.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.448-450
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• 2002

DNA samples extracted from Japanese cypress leaf tissues contain isopropyl alcohol-precipitable, high molecular weight compounds, which interfere ELISA for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Removal of the compounds is achieved by DEAE ion-exchange column chromatography and improves the ELISA responses of the DNA. When extracting DNA repeatedly from the same leaf tissues, the DNA samples show CPD responses which increase with the order in sequential extraction, and hence for a reliable detennination of DNA lesion a thorough extraction of DNA is required. Clearing these two problems it was demonstrated that CPD level was slightly higher in the leaves of trees growing under full sunlight than in those growing under UBV -cut sunlight.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.2034-2040
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• 2020

The gas evolution from mixtures consisting of 0.2 M solution of N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide (TODGA) in n-alcohol (n-decanol or n-nonanol) with Isopar-M diluent was investigated during thermal oxidation. The effect of ionizing radiation on their thermal stability has been studied. It has been determined that the volume of gaseous thermolysis products increases by 260% in the case of n-nonanol and 80% in the case of n-decanol compared to non-irradiated solutions. It has been shown that the gas evolution rate and gas volume increase when the irradiated mixture saturated with nitric acid is heated. However, there are no prerequisites for the development of autocatalytic oxidation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2016

Aqueous extraction of Citrus unshiu peels (AECUP) is mainly comprised with pro-angiogenichesperidin and narirutin. In this study, we report approaches to increasing the yields of extracted hesperidin and narirutinfrom Citrus unshiu peels using proper solvents. Significantly improved yields of both compounds were obtained using methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) compared to acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Especially, effect of DMSO was by far the better of the two solvents in extraction of hesperidin. In addition, the DMSO extracted hesperidin significantly induced the pro-angiogenic effects of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and markedly up-regulated phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that pro-angiogenic inducer; hesperidin and narirutin can be simply, easily, and effectively extracted from Citrus unshiu peels.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

The volatile aroma constituents of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum K. were separated by hydro distillation extraction (HDE) method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of C. zawadskii var. latilobum K. flower essential oil (FEO) was 0.12% (w/w) and the color was light green. Fifty-five volatile chemical components, which make up 88.38% of the total aroma composition, were tentatively characterized. C. zawadskii var. latilobum K. FEOs contained 27 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 7 ketones, 4 esters, 1 aldehyde, 1 amine, and 3 miscellaneous components. The major functional groups were terpene alcohol and ketone. Borneol (12.96), (${\pm}$)-7-epi-amiteol (12.60), and camphor (10.54%) were the predominant volatiles. These compounds can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries due to their active bio-functional properties.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2000

To demonstrate the effect of formulation conditions on the controlled release of protein from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres for use as a parenteral drug carrier, ovalbumin (OVA) microspheres were prepared using the W/O/W multiple emulsion solvent evaporation and extraction method. Methylene chloride or ethyl acetate was applied as an organic phase and poly(vinyl alcohol) as a secondary emulsion stabilizer. Low loading efficiencies of less than 20％ were observed and the in vitro release of OVA showed a burst effect in all batches of different microspheres, followed by a gradual release over the next 6 weeks. Formulation processes affected the size and morphology, drug content, and the controlled release of OVA from PLGA microspheres.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.500-509
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• 1993

Pectins present in the primary cell walls and middle lamellae of plant cell walls are extracted by water, cheating agents, acid or alkali solutions. However, some neutral contaminating components are extracted in conjunction with pectins during the extraction process. Thus, the accurate characterization of physi-cochemical properties of pectins necessitates to get rid of the impurities. In this review, dialysis, alcohol precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and metal precipitation were compared as procedures to purify the pectin extracts. In addition, the chemical methods to analyze pectins are discussed in terms of three major chemical constituents, i.e., anhydrogalacturonic acid, methoxyl groups and neutral sugars.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.368.2-368.2
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• 2002

Fruits of Hovenia dulcis T. (Rhamnaceae) was called ′jiguja ′ in oriental medicine which has been used for diuresis, remove of hangover and leaves has been used for detoxified the alcohol. From the MeOH Extraction. five compounds were isolated by column chromatography and elucidated as quercetin quercetin-3-O-rhamnose. quercetin-3-O-gal(6"1") rha, quercetin-3-O-glc(6"${\rightarrow}$1")glc, and kaemferol through specroscopic methods. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

The capability of the solvents for extracting the bioactive saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (Campanulaceae) was investigated to obtain an ideal extract which contained bioactive saponins with high quality and high quantity. The content of eight representative saponins in extracts, such as deapioplatycoside E, platycoside E, platyconic acid A and platycodin D, platycodin $D_3$, platycodin $D_2$, polygalacin $D_2$, polygalacin D were analyzed simultaneousely by the modified HPLC analytical method. The validation test of the modified qualitative and quantitative analytical method employing the ELSD equipped HPLC for eight representative saponins in the roots extract of P. grandiflorum showed a good linearity, precision and accuracy. the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) values of the calbration curves for each saponins were observed to be over 0.9990. LOD and LOQ of each saponin was calculated as $0.10{\mu}g{\sim}0.40{\mu}g$ (LOD) and $0.40{\mu}g{\sim}0.80{\mu}g$ (LOQ), respectively. Recovery rates of each saponin were also calculated as over 98%, respectively. With exception of two saponins, platyconic acid A and platycodin D, The content of eight saponins in extracts was decreased proportionally to the increment of the water ratio of solvent for extraction. Consequently, as aquous alcohol was used as a solvent for extracting the saponin components from powdered roots of P. grandiflorum, the water content in the aquous alcohol was seemed to be a critical factor for extracting efficacy. The 60-80% ratio of alcohol in the aquous alcohol were deduced to be suitable and recommendable for the preparation of roots extract of P. grandiflorum which contained saponins with high quality and high quantity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.550-556
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• 2013

Reflux extraction properties of Schisandra chinensis were investigated with different extraction conditions of ethanol concentration (0-99%), extraction time (2-8 h), and extraction temperature ($40-100^{\circ}C$). Different chemical properties, such as reducing sugars (RS), titratable acidity (TA), Hunter's color values, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) were analyzed for the corresponding extracts. The results showed that RS and TA increased as the extraction temperature increased. For each parameter, the maximum value was achieved, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol for 8 h at $100^{\circ}C$. Redness ($a^*$) of the extract decreased as all 3 extraction parameters were increased. TPC increased significantly as the extraction time and temperature increased; further, the highest TPC was achieved, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol. The same tendency was observed for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were obtained, when extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol for 4-6 h at $60-80^{\circ}C$, respectively.