• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2003

Most of the ethyl alcohol consumed by humans is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the liver by the cytoplasmic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system. For this ADH-catalyzed oxidation of alcohol, $NAD^+$ is required as the coenzyme and $NAD^+$becomes reduced to NADH. As the $NAD^+$becomes depleted and NADH accumulates, alcohol oxidation is reduced. For continued alcohol oxidation, the accumulated NADH must be quickly reoxidized to $NAD^+$, and it is this reoxidation of NADH to $NAD^+$that is known to be the rate-limiting step in the overall oxidation rate of alcohol The reoxidation of NADH to $NAD^+$is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, with pyruvate being utilized as the substrate. The pyruvate may be supplied from alanine as a result of amino acid metabolism via the urea cycle. Also, glutamine is thought to help with the supply of pyruvate indirectly, and to activate the urea cycle by producing $NH_3$. Thus, in the present study, we have examined the effects of alanine and glutamine on the alcohol oxidation rate. We utilized isolated perfused liver tissue in a system where media containing alanine and glutamine was circulated. Our results showed that when alanine (5.0mM) was added to the glucose-free infusion media, the alcohol oxidation rate was increased by 130%. Furthermore, when both glutamine and alanine were added together to the infusion media, the alcohol oxidation rate increased by as much as 190%, and the rate of urea nitrogen production increased by up to 200%. The addition of glutamine (5.0mM) alone to the infusion media did not accelerate the alcohol oxidation rate. The increases in the rates of alcohol oxidation and urea nitrogen production through the addition of alanine and glutamine indicate that these amino acids have contributed to the enhanced supply of pyruvate through the urea cycle. Based on these results, it is concluded that the dietary supplementation of alanine and glutamine could contribute to increased alcohol detoxification through the urea cycle, by enhancing the supply of pyruvate and $NAD^+$to ensure accelerated rates of alcohol oxidation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.919-925
• /
• 2003

Alcohol consumption has numerous health consequences for the human body. For example, heavy drinking on a daily basis causes liver diseases, and certain products such as acetaldehyde produced from alcohol metabolism are more toxic than alcohol itself. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the role of Lactobacillus fermentum MG590 to enhance the removal of the toxic effect of alcohol in alcohol metabolism. The maximum activities of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by L. fermentum MG590 were observed after 6 h of culture. The production of ADH and ALDH by L. fermentum MG590 was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Six hours after the addition of alcohol to a culture broth of L. fermentum MG590, the alcohol concentration decreased from 7.5 to 2.7％. From an in vitro evaluation based on hepatocytes, the viability of hepatocytes in a medium containing alcohol and the cytosol of L. fermentum MG590 was higher than that in a medium containing only alcohol. From an in vivo test using SD rats fed a 22％ alcoholic drink, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the rats fed a medium containing L. fermentum MG590 were lower than those in the rats fed a medium containing only the alcohol drink. These results demonstrate that the ADH and ALDH produced by L. fermentum MG590 play an important role in detoxicating alcohol in vivo. Therefore, a fermentation broth of L. fermentum MG590 could be used as an effective alcohol detoxification drink.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.818-827
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freeze-dried Gastrodiae rhizoma powder (GR) on the liver function and alcohol metabolism in alcohol treated rats. Methods: The rats were administered various concentrations of GR (100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg/kg B.W.) for 3 days 1 hour before 50% (v/v) ethanol (3 g/kg B.W.) administration. Two tests focusing on liver function and alcohol metabolism in acute alcohol treatment were carried out. Results: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity was significantly increased by alcohol treatment, and was decreased by 100 mg GR administration. Acute ethanol treatment led to significant increase in alcohol and acetaldehyde levels of serum and liver. However, 100 mg GR administration led to a significant reduction in increased alcohol level in the serum with decreased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and increased acetaldehyde level in liver was significantly reduced by three levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that GR can be effective in enhancing liver function and alcohol metabolism in the alcohol-treated rats. Studies on the appropriate dosage of GR should further be developed to treat alcohol detoxification and stimulate liver function.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.311-320
• /
• 2007

The present study was designed to estimate the protective effect of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on ethanol-induced liver injury in rats. Chronic ethanol administration (6 g/kg/day ${\times}$ 60 days) caused liver damage that was manifested by the elevation of markers of liver dysfunction - aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase in plasma and reduction in liver glycogen. The activities of alcohol metabolizing enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase were found to be altered in alcohol-treated group. Ethanol administration resulted in the induction of cytochrome p450 and cytochrome-$b_{5}$ activities and reduction of cytochrome-c reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, a phase II drug metabolizing enzyme. Further, ethanol reduced the viability of isolated hepatocytes (ex vivo) as assessed by trypan blue exclusion test and induced hepatocyte apoptosis as assessed by propidium iodide staining. Treatment of alcoholic rats with EGCG restored the levels of markers of liver injury and mitigated the alterations in alcohol metabolizing and drug metabolizing enzymes and cyt-c-reductase. Increased hepatocyte viability and reduced apoptotic nuclei were observed in alcohol + EGCG-treated rats. These findings suggest that EGCG acts as a hepatoprotective agent against alcoholic liver injury.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2005

Excessive drinking causes 'alcohol hangover' within 8-16 hours. The cause of 'hangover' has not been elucidated exactly until now, but it is reported that it is caused by the creation of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde as ethanol metabolites. In this study vinegar extract of wood (VE) or OC-1, to which the powder extract of green tea leaves extract is added, was administered to the rats 30 minutes before the oral administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) and the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration was measured in order to evaluate the efficacy of the beverage material for detoxification. As a result, the blood ethanol concentration in the group of the VE-1(vinegar crude extract) and VE-2 (double diluted solution) is statistically lower (P,0.05) than the exclusive alcohol administered control group. The blood acetaldehyde concentration of all groups of VE and OC-2, which is the double dilution of OC-1, is statistically low after 7 hours following ethanol administration. Especially, the AUC value of OC-2 group is statistically low compared to the control group. Accordingly, it indicates the conclusion that VE and OC-1, reducing the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration which are two leading factors of 'hangover' after drinking, and worthwhile to be developed as beverage materials to eliminate 'hangover'.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국잠사학회 2000년도 잠사과학 100주년 국제심포지엄 및 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 2000

No Abstract.See Full-text

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.634-639
• /
• 2004

An eight-week-old male ICR mouse, which was induced with acute alcohol and sub-acute alcohol poisoning condition, was administered with bohee tea(Camelia sinensis L) extract. After oral administration of bohee tea and inducement of acute alcohol poisoning condition, the mouses blood alcohol concentration became as low as that of the normal control group. Its decrease rate was 87.26%, in comparison with that of the positive control group. Moreover, its blood GOT activity decreased with a rate of 93.1 % until it reached the normal level, as opposed to that of the positive control group. In addition, the GOT activity, despite rising after the alcohol intake, decreased(p<0.05) significantly after administration of each sample and reached the normal level. The bohee tea group experienced a significant decrease in the GOT activity, compared with the A1codex group and the Drink group. The GPT activity of the Alcodex group decreased by 11 % compared with that of the positive control group. The CTP activity of the bohee tea group decreased by 8.2%, while that of the Drink group decreased by 6.5%(P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the results in the control group and those of the test group. The bohee tea group's hepatic ADH activity increased by 22.7% compared with that of the positive control group. On the other hand, the hepatic ADH activity of the Drink group increased by 33.6% while that of the A1codex group increased by 20.4%. On the contrary, the bohee tea extract, the hepatic ALDH did not manifest any significant difference as compared with the normal control group. However, its decrease rate was about 16.67% as compared with that of the positive control group. The Drink group, meanwhile, obtained a decrease rate of about 21.59%.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권8호
• /
• pp.1107-1112
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 기존에 알코올 해독 기능이 우수한 것으로 알려진 헛개나무 열매 추출물과 헛개나무 열매 추출물을 주성분으로 하여 매실 및 댕댕이나무 열매 추출물이 혼합되어진 새로운 식품 조성물의 항알코올 기능에 대한 효능을 비교 분석함으로써 새로운 알코올 독성 경감 소재를 개발하고자 하였다. 새로운 식품 조성물인 SAC-1을 흰쥐에게 투여한 후 알코올을 섭취시켰을 때 혈중 알코올 농노의 저하가 헛개나무 추출물에 비하여 매우 우수한 효능이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 간손상의 지표인 GOT, GPT에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타내어 알코올에 의한 간손상을 경감시킬 수 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 조직에서 산화적 손상으로 효능을 살펴본 결과는 지질과산화물의 생성을 혈장과 간 조직에서 모두 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며, total glutathione의 감소를 억제하는 것으로 나타나 SAC-1은 알코올성 조직 손상에서 충분한 보호 작용을 나타낼 수 있었던 것으로 생각된다. 특히 SAC-1은 헛개나무 열매 추출물 단독 사용에 비해서 더 높은 활성을 나타낸 것으로 나타났으며, 이것은 SAC-1이 알코올 해독에 좋은 천연 성분을 함유하고 있는 결과로 추측된다. 이상의 결과에서 SAC-1은 알코올로 인해 유도되어지는 조직 손상 및 숙취 증상으로부터 조직을 보호할 수 있는 능력이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.640-645
• /
• 2004

An eight-week-old male ICR mouse, which was induced with acute alcohol and sub-acute alcohol poisoning condition, was administered with bohee tea(Camelia sinensis L) extract. Under the inducement of the sub-acute alcohol poisoning condition, no considerable differences could be found in the blood alcohol concentration of the positive control group and the bohee tea group(p<0.05). The GOT activity of the three groups: bohee tea, Drink, and Alcodex decreased than that of the normal control group(9.064±4.687 unit)(p<0.05). In addition, the blood GOT activity of the dark green tea group dropped by 81.44% compared with that of the positive control group. On the other hand, the blood GTP activity of the bohee tea group decreased by 5.2% as opposed to that of the positive control and the Drink that decreased by 7.5% as opposed to that of the positive control. The hepatic ADH activity of the bohee tea increased by 22.7%, as opposed to that of the positive control group. The Drink, however, had an increase rate of 33.6%. In the case of the hepatic ALDH activity of the liver, no significant differences were ever recorded among all groups, except for the positive control group. Due to an intake of bohee tea extract, the hepatic ALDH activity decreased by 77.27% which could not be seen in the positive control group. However, Drink and A1codex had a decrease could be seen(p<0.05).

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.655-662
• /
• 2016

본 시험은 흑홍삼이 함유된 혼합물의 숙취해소효능을 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. 효소원을 이용한 혼합 재료들 간의 ADH와 ALDH의 활성은 시중에 판매되고 있는 타사 비교군에 비해 현저히 높은 값을 보였다. 그리고 알코올을 투여하여 숙취를 유도한 시험동물의 혈중 에탄올의 양과 아세트알데히드의 양을 측정하여 생체 내 알코올 분해효능을 평가한 결과, 흑홍삼혼합물을 섭취한 군에서 알코올 투여 1시간 후부터 에탄올의 양은 숙취유도군에 비해 월등히 낮았으며, 시간이 지날수록 농도 의존적으로 에탄올의 양이 감소하였다. 주요 숙취 증상을 야기하는 아세트알데히드의 양은 숙취유도군에서 시간이 지날수록 증가한 반면, 흑홍삼혼합물 섭취군은 알코올 섭취 1시간 후부터 증가하였다가 시간이 지날수록 빠르게 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 흑홍삼혼합물이 알코올분해효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 간 조직을 분리해 ADH와 ALDH의 활성을 측정한 결과, 흑홍삼혼합물을 섭취한 군이 타사 비교군에 비해 높은 활성을 보임을 확인하였다. 이상의 시험결과로 보아 흑홍삼 혼합음료는 혈중 에탄올의 흡수를 지연시킬 뿐 아니라, ADH와 ALDH의 활성을 증가시켜 혈중 에탄올과 아세트알데히드의 농도를 효과적으로 감소시켜 숙취해소 음료로 이용이 가능하리라 기대된다.