• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2010

Objective : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the preventive effects of Daekumeumja on fatty degeneration of liver and immunosuppression induced by alcohol in rats. Method : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And Daekumeumja(DK) extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, weight of internal organs, liver triglyceride contents, histomorphometry and histopathological observation of internal organs. Results : 1. In the change measurement of serum components, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of AST, ALT, albumin, ALP and triglyceride in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 2. In the change measurement of internal organ's weight, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of relative body weights of liver, thymus and spleen in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 3. DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of hepatic triglyceride contents in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 4. In histomorphometrical changes of liver, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant decrease of numbers of hepatocytes occupied by over 10% lipid droplets, percentages of regions occupied by lipid droplets and mean diameters of hepatocytes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histomorphometrical changes of thymus, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of lobular thickness and cortex thickness in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histomorphometrical changes of spleen, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed significant increase of splenic thicknesses, numbers of white pulps and mean diameters of white pulps in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. 5. In histopathological changes of liver, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed effective inhibition of severe fatty changes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. In histopathological changes of thymus and spleen, DK group(50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) showed effective inhibition of atrophic changes in comparison with those of the alcohol control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that Daekumeumja have pharmaceutical preventive efficacy on fatty degeneration of liver and immunosuppression induced by alcohol in rats.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2016

Alcohols are particularly attractive as alternative fuels because they are a renewable resource. This paper describes the performance and emission characteristics of ethanol and methanol gasoline blended fuels in a spark ignition engine. This experimental results showed that alcohol gasoline blended fuels decreased the torque, brake mean effective pressure, and brake power decreased when alcohol blended fuels were applied to a gasoline engine and also CO, HC and NOx emissions were reduced in accordance with the contents of alcohol contents.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2004

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) and hyaluronic acid(HA) hydrogel membranes were prepared with varying HA contents from 10 to 50 wt% of PVA. The water contents of the resulting PVA-HA hydrogel membranes in various pH conditions were measured. And the permeation coefficient of indomethacin was determined using several PVA-HA hydrogel membranes at various pH conditions and also 37$^{\circ}C$.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1981

우유(牛乳)를 이용(利用)한 Alcohol발효음료(醱酵飮料)의 적절한 제조법(製造法)을 시험(試驗)하기 위하여 유산균(乳酸菌) 및 효모류(酵母類)를 우유(牛乳)에 접종(接種)하고 각종당류(各種糖類)의 첨가량(添加量)에 따른 조성분(組成分)의 변화(變化)와 Alcohol 생산성(生産性) 등(等)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 5종(種)의 유산균류(乳酸菌類)를 탈지유배지(脫脂乳培地)에 24시간(時間) 배양(培養)하여 산생성도(酸生成度) 및 Amino태(態) 질소함량(窒素含量)의 변화(變化) 상태(狀態)를 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果) Str. lactis가 0.83%로서 가장 적합한 산도(酸度)를 나타내었으며 Amino태질소(態窒素) 함량(含量)은 0.2mg/ml 범위(範圍)로서 큰 변화(變化)가 없었다. 2. 탈지유(脫脂乳)에 Glucose, Lactose 및 Sucrose를 5% 첨가(添加)하고 Str. lactis 및 Cruyveromyces fragilis를 접종(接種)한 결과 산도(酸度) 및 Amino태질소(態窒素) 함량(含量)은 큰 변화(變化)가 없었고 Alcohol 생산성(生産性)은 2.5%로부터 3.58%로 증가(增加)되었다. 3. Cruyveromyces fragilis 및 Saccharo-myces cerevisiae 산모(酸母)를 5~15%의 Sucrose첨가탈지유배지(添加脫脂乳培地)에 접종배양(接種培養)한 결과(結果) Sucrose 첨가(添加)에 따른 산도(酸度) 및 Amino태질소(態窒素)의 함량(含量)은 변동(變動)이 적었고 Alcohol생산성(生産性)에 있어서는 Cruyveromyces fragilis가 2.12%로부터 8.15%로, Saccharo-myces cerevisiae는 0%로 부터7.45%로 증가(增加)되었다. 4. Sucrose를 첨가(添加)한 탈지유(脫脂乳)에 Cruyveromyces fragilis 및 Saccharomyces cerevisi를 접종(接種)하여 Alcohol발효유음료(醱酵乳飮料)를 제조(製造)하고 관능시험(官能試驗)을 실시한 결과 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 접종제품(接種製品)에 비(比)하여 Alcohol함량(含量)이 높은 Cruyveromyces fragilis 접종(接種) 제품(製品)이 우수(優秀)하였다. 5. Str. lactis 및 Cruyveromyces fragilis를 탈지유(脫脂乳)에 접종(接種)하여 Alcohol발효(醱酵)를 실시한 결과 수분(水分), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 회분(灰分) 및 Alcohol 성분등(成分等)이 Koumis와 유사한 발효유음료(醱酵乳飮料)를 제조(製造)할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.154-163
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• 1988

Effects of alchohol and fat content in a balanced diet on chemical composition and morphology of liver were investigated in growing rats. Fourth eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 160g were divided into 4 groups ; high fat diet group, alcohol-administered high fat diet group, low fat diet group and alcohol-administered high fat diet group, low fat diet group and alcohol-administered low fat diet group. High and low fat diets supplied 30% and 12%, respectively, of total calorie intake from fat, and alcohol was given by adding ethanol in drinking waster at 10%. Diets contained adequate amounts of all nutrients required for rats, including lipotrpoic agents(choline and methionine) to minimize effects of factors other than alcohol on liver damage. Ratios of liver weight to body weight were statistically different among groups. Liver/dody weight ratios alcohol-administered rats were significantly higher than those of non-alcohol groups after 6 weeks treatment. Although total lipid and triglyceride per gram liver were increased in alcohol-administered rats, especially low fat diet fed rats, the values were not significantly different. Opticmicroscopical observation revealed increase in cell size and no change in morphology of liver. Examination of hepatocytes by electron microscopy showed that fat droplets were observed in all groups but enlarged in the alcohol-administered low fat diet fed rat. Contents of protein, cholesterol and phospholipid were not affected by alcohol consumption. The level of lipid peroxide was significantly lower in the livers of alcohol-administered rats than in the livers of non-alcohol groups. The results of this study indicate that even moderate alcohol drinking and dietary fat content did not affect any significant change in composition and morphology of liver until 6 week treatment but that even moderate alcohol drinking caused some signs of steatosis of liver.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 다회차 음주에 따른 장소별 음주량과 알코올의존을 분석하는 것이다. 국제 알코올 통제 연구의 일환으로 2012년에 수집된 단면 데이터를 사용하였으며, 만19-64세 음주자 1,789명 중 855명을 대상으로 하였다. 다회차 음주자 비율은 남성(χ²=37.607, p<.001), 학생(χ²=52.466, p<.001), 미혼자(χ²=34.205, p<.001), 흡연경험이 있거나 스트레스가 있는 군(χ²=40,09, p<.001, χ²=21.66, p<.001)에서 유의적으로 높았다. 특히, 미혼자, 흡연자, 스트레스군의 알코올 섭취량이 기혼자, 비흡연자, 비스트레스군보다 유의적으로 더 높았다. 다회차에 걸쳐 알코올 섭취량이 가장 높은 장소는 주류 판매 업종인 술집으로 나타났다(F=67.8g, p<0.001). 음주자의 음주차수가 증가할수록 총 알코올 섭취량이 증가하였으며(F=209.993, p<0.001) 알코올의존도 검사인 RAPS4와 DSM-IV에서 양성 반응을 나타낸 음주자의 수(%)가 각각(F=129.836, p<0.001; F=94.669, p<0.001) 증가하였다. 음주자 중 알코올의존 교차비는 남성이 여성보다 2.3(95% CI: 1.745-3.057)배, 무직자는 직장인보다 3차에서 3.2(95% CI: 1.053-9.838)배, 흡연자는 비흡연자보다 3차에서 3.9(95% CI: 1.230-12.292)배, 그리고 스트레스군도 비스트레스군보다 2.1(95% CI: 1.561-2.768)배 높았다. 결론적으로 음주차수가 증가할수록 흡연여부나 스트레스와의 관련성과 알코올 의존도가 높아져 알코올에 더 취약할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2002

제주도 손바닥 선인장 열매 침출주를 열매 함량별과 주정의 알코올 농도별로 제조하여 침출기간에 따른 성분변화를 조사하였다. 제조한 침출액을 4개월간 침출시키면서 pH, 당도, 환원당, 알코올 농도, 폴리페놀 함량, 탁도 및 색도의 변화를 측정하고, 최종 제품에 대해 향기성분 분석과 관능검사를 수행하였다. 침출기간에 따라 pH, 알코올 농도, 폴리페놀 함량은 감소하였고 환원당 함량은 증가하였다. 이러한 변화는 주정의 알코올 농도별보다는 침출시키는 열매함량별에 따라 크게 나타났다. 탁도는 점차 커짐으로써 부유물의 생성이 증가함을 보였으나, 열매함량이 적고 주정의 알코올 농도가 높은 경우에는 그 정도가 가장 적었다. 명도와 황색도는 증가, 적색도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 향기성분으로는 acetaldehyde, acetyl acetone, ethyl alcohol, guaiacol, thymol, acetic acid phenyl ester등이 각각의 침출주에서 공통으로 검출되었고, 그 밖의 향기성분은 종류에 따라 다소 차이를 보였다. 최종 침출주에 대한 관능적 평가시 모든 항목에서 유의적인 (p<0.05)차이를 보였고, 전반적으로 알코올 농도 30% 주정에 열매를 67% 침출시킨 경우가 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2014

This work undertook to prepare nanofibers of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite by electrospinning, and characterize the electrospun composite nanofibers. Different contents of CNFs isolated from hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HW-BKP) by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation were suspended in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, and then electrospun into CNF/PVA composite nanofibers. The morphology and dimension of CNFs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed that CNFs were fibrillated form with the diameter of about $7.07{\pm}0.99$ nm. Morphology of the electrospun nanofiber observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that uniform CNF/PVA composite nanofibers were manufactured at 1~3% CNF contents while many beads were observed at 5% CNF level. Both the viscosity of CNF/PVA solution and diameter of the electrospun nanofiber decreased with an increase in CNF content. The diameter and its distribution of the electrospun nanofibers helped explain the differences observed in their morphology. These results show that the electrospinning method was successful in preparing uniform CNF/PVA nanofibers, indicating a great potential for manufacturing consistent and reliable cellulose-based nanofibrils for scaffolds in future applications.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1317-1322
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness on germinated seed of Rhynchosia Volubilis for Female Bone Morphogenesis. For this purpose, We compared two methods. water extract and alcohol extract using germinated Rhynchosia Volubilis(GRV) according to germinating days were conducted to measure the polyphosphate contents and investigate HOS-TE85 propagation rate. Both water and alcohol extract two methods were not toxicant. And if not excessively treated, alcohol extract rate were more about $5{\sim}15$ times than water extract rate. So usually water extract were better than alcohol extract. but in case of osteoporosis, alcohol extract were effective.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2013

매실주의 숙성 중 에틸카바메이트의 발생을 알아보고자 일반 가정에서 담그는 방식으로 매실주와 복분자주를 담아 저장하면서 발생량을 측정하였다. 매실주는 매실과 설탕 및 $19.5^{\circ}{\sim}35^{\circ}$ 담금주의 담금비를 달리하여 담아, 15일부터 180일까지 15~30일 간격으로 에틸카바메이트의 함량을 분석한 결과 숙성 90일 까지 매실을 설탕만으로 숙성한 경우와 복분자주에서 에틸카바메이트는 발생하지 않았으나 매실의 알코올의 농도가 높을수록 에틸카바메이트의 생성량이 증가하였다. 매실과 담금주의 비율을 달리한 결과, 매실보다는 알코올 함량이 에틸카바메이트 발생에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며 120~150일 숙성기간이 지나면서 에틸카바메이트 발생량은 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 90일 숙성 후 여과처리 하였을 경우 여과하지 않았을 경우보다 180일까지 2배가량 높은 에틸카바메이트가 발생하였으나 이들 모두 안전한 수준이었다.