• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.779-785
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• 2003

The present work proposed a newly developed fluidized bed-type psychrometer that could be applicable to the high temperature and contaminant gases. The psychrometer is a device that test gas passes through the water in a glass bottle as a bubbly flow to obtain the adiabatic saturation temperature. A fluidized bed-type psychrometer was made and its characteristics were compared with the Assmann Psychrometer. The characteristic time was in the order of a hundred seconds, and decreased for the decrease of the mass of water and the increase of the air flow rate. The air flow rate and the insulation of the glass bottle were definitely important in the accurate measurement of the wet bulb temperature. The error in wet bulb temperature became less than 5 percent of the difference of dry and wet bulb temperatures if the air velocity in the glass bottle was greater than 1.5m/s.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.1313-1318
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• 2000

Crack behaviors at the downstream face of the concrete gravity dam were studied considering influence of the wintertime air temperature. It is assumed that inside area of 15m away from the dam surface in which temperature is presumed to be $15^{\circ}C$ is not affected from the annual air temperature variation. Water temperature at the upstream face and air temperature at the other faces were considered as outer boundary conditions to get temperature distribution inside of the dam using ADINA-T. These temperature distributions were transferred to FRANC2D to obtain equivalent stress intensity factors and crack propagation paths. Results obtained from changing initial crack locations and direction, air temperatures, and water levels were discussed. And crack behaviors at the upstream face were studied partly.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.394-403
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• 2008

The effects of water injection (WI) and urea injection for NOx on a 4-cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine were investigated experimentally. For water injection, it was installed at the intake pipe and the water quantity was controlled at the intake manifold and Manifold Air Flow (MAF) temperatures while the urea injection was located at the exhaust pipe and the urea quantity was controlled by NOx quantity and MAF. The effects of WI system, urea-SCR system and the combined system were investigated with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Several experiments were performed to characterize the urea-SCR system, using engine operating points of varying raw NOx emissions. The results of the Stoichiometric Urea Flow (SUF) and NOx map were obtained. In addition, NOx results were illustrated according to the engine speed and load. It is concluded that the NOx reduction effects of the combined system without the EGR were better than those with the EGR-based engine.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.891-896
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• 2010

The objective of the present study is to reveal the effects of a phase-change material on the performance of a Kimchi refrigerator. Two-percent salt water, of which melting temperature was $-1.1^{\circ}C$, was used for the phase-change material. The salt water was packed in silicon cases and inserted between Kimchi container and the copper pipe of the evaporator. The maximum and minimum temperatures of the inner wall of the Kimchi container without salt-water pack were $-0.2^{\circ}C$ and $-8.9^{\circ}C$, which were remarkably improved by using the salt-water packs, resulting $-0.5^{\circ}C$ and$ -1.9^{\circ}C$. This shows a useful application of using phase-change materials for accurate temperature controls.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

Removal through adsorption is the most widely used and effective treatment method for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaust gases. However, at high temperatures and humidity, adsorption is competitive due to the presence of moisture and unsmooth physical adsorption thereby deteriorating adsorption performance. Therefore, water adsorption honeycomb (WAH) and VOCs adsorption honeycomb (VAH) were prepared to improve VOCs adsorption at high temperatures and humidity. Adsorbed toluene amounts on single honeycomb (SH), containing only VAH, and combined honeycomb (CH), containing WAH and VAH, were determined. Further, the toluene adsorption rates of honeycomb adsorbents mounted on rotary systems, VAH-single rotor (SR) and WAH/VAH-dual rotor (DR) were determined. Toluene adsorption by WAH/VAH-CH (inlet temperature: 40-50℃; absolute humidity: 28-83 gH₂O/kg-dry air) was 1.6 times that by VAH-SH, and the water adsorption efficiency of WAH/VAH-CH was 1.7 times that of VAH-SH. The adsorption/removal efficiency of the WAH/VAH-DR (inlet temperature: 45℃; absolute humidity: 37.5 gH₂O/kg-dry air) was 3% higher than that of VAH-SR. This indicates that the WAH at the rotor inlet selectively removed water, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the VAH at the outlet.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.919-925
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• 2006

The regression models for the water temperatures of Ban Byeon Stream and Yong Jeon stream were developed using multi-regression method. It was also investigated that the applicability of the stream temperature prediction to two-dimensional numerical simulation to predict the vertical water temperature in Imha Reservoir. Air temperature and dew point as independent variables were selected to be applicable to cases with the different variation of flow rates. The data division of water temperature using a cutoff flow rate of $20m^3/s$ was found to reduce the prediction error of the stream temperature. The mean absolute percent error of the numerical simulation results of the vertical water temperature in Imha Reservoir using the regression models was 11%, which was only 4.3% lager than the simulation result using the measured stream temperature. Therefore, the regression models of the stream temperatures using multi-regression method applied in this study could be applied to predict the vertical water temperature in Imha Reservoir with a good accuracy.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.456-465
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• 1988

The performance of the cold latent heat storage is investigated by experiment and by a simplified analytic approach. The heat storage tank has eight horizontal circular tubes and one path of refrigerant evaporating tube. The phase change material in the heat storage tank is water which is frozen by evaporating refrigerant of refrigeration system and melts by the warm air in the heat storage tank. In the experiment, the performance has been studied by the various conditions including the initial water temperature on solidification and flow rate and temperature of air. The rate of recovered heat has been simulated by a simplified model and the results shows a good agreement. In solidification process, initial water temperature causes time delay corresponding to the sensible heat and it is found that the shape of evaporator is important. In melting process, the recovered heat rate from the heat storage tank is proportional to $Re^{0.8}(T_{bi}-T_f)$ of air where $T_{bi}$ and $T_f$ indicate temperatures of inlet air and phase change, respectively. And the deminishing rate of the recovered heat is higher for the higher heat rate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.275-282
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• 2024

Lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) is used as coolant for MicroURANUS, a small marine nuclear power plant, and this coolant is transported in the plant by an electromagnetic pump. Given the considerable heat generated by the electromagnetic pump, the cooling of the pump is essential. This study compared air cooling and water-cooling methods and found that the maximum temperatures during air and water cooling were 640 K and 372 K, respectively. These findings were utilized to design an electromagnetic pump with water-cooling. The maximum temperature of the pump was lower than the boiling point of water; thus, the pump did not require a separate pressurization. Consequently, the resistance problem of the coil and the deformation problem of the material caused by generated heat can be solved through water-cooling.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.171.2-171.2
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• 2010

Geothermal effects on the underground water conveyance pipe system have been investigated through the multiregional water supply system from Paldang water intake station. To make an investigation of raw water thermal energy, temperature sensors are installed the surface of the pipes of metropolitan area water supply system. In 2009 winter and early spring seasons, the monthly averaged temperatures at Paldang 2 intake stations are $1.94^{\circ}C$ in February, $4.96^{\circ}C$ in March, and $10.56^{\circ}C$ in April. After the transfer in 26.0 km distance of tunnel and buried pipe, the raw water temperatures are raised to $3.13^{\circ}C$, $6.04^{\circ}C$, and $11.39^{\circ}C$ respectively. As the temperature difference between the raw water and the air reduces, the temperature increasement is reduced by $1.19^{\circ}C$ in Feb., $1.08^{\circ}C$ in Mar., and $0.83^{\circ}C$ in Apr. Since the flowrate is over 1,150,000 $m^3$/day, it is estimated that the water exchanges a huge amount of heat over 1.0 Tcal a day with the ground.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1963

The thermal decomposition process of ammonium paratungstate $5(NH_4)_2O{\cdot}12WO_3{\cdot}5H_2O$ was analysed by the methods of thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, quantitative analysis of the ammonia which is released during heating and X-ray powder diffraction in air and in vacuo. There are several endothermic peaks which indicate release of ammonia and exothermic peaks which indicate crystal growth and oxidation of decomposed prodects in air. After water is driven off the ammonia is released at intervals corresponding to the endothermic peaks. The highest temperature at which ammonia is released is about $420^{\circ}C$ in air and $480^{\circ}C$ in vacuo. In air the crystal structure of paratungstate is conserved up to a temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ at which the remaining ammonia is about 4 mols. At $320^{\circ}C$ the remaining ammonia becomes less than 2 mols and the paratungstate structure changes into the amorphous state. After that ${\gamma}$ oxide is produced and is oxidized to ${\alpha}$ oxide in the temperature range of 400-$500^{\circ}C$ in air. In vacuo however the endothermic peaks and structural changes occur at lower temperatures and the structure of ${\gamma}$ oxide is conserved up to temperatures higher than $500^{\circ}C$.