• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.279-280
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1746-1751
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sarsaponin on methane production, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion and blood metabolites using three Holstein steers in a 3${\times}$3 Latin Square design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture at a ratio 1.5:1 twice daily, and sarsaponin (0, 0.5 and 1% of DM), which was given at 09:00 and 17:00 h daily by mixing with concentrate. Rumen samples were collected 0, 2, and 5 h after morning dosing. Ruminal pH was numerically decreased and numbers of protozoa were decreased linearly (p<0.01) by treatment. Ruminal ammonia-N was reduced (linear; p<0.05) and total VFA was increased (quadratic; p<0.05) at 2 and 5 h after sarsaponin dosing. The molar proportion of acetate was decreased (quadratic; p<0.05) and propionate was increased (linear; p<0.01) at all sampling times. Blood plasma glucose was increased and urea-N was decreased (linear; p<0.05) at 2 and 5 h after dosing. Methane was decreased by approximately 12.7% (linear; p<0.05). The apparent digestibility of DM and NDF were decreased (quadratic; p<0.05) and that of CP remained unchanged due to the sarsaponin. The numbers of cellulolytic bacteria were decreased (quadratic; p<0.05), while numbers of total viable bacteria remained unchanged due to the sarsaponin. These results show that sarsaponin can partially inhibit rumen methanogenesis in vivo and improve ruminal fermentation, which supports our previous in vitro results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1342-1348
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• 2007

POU1F1 is a positive regulator for GH, PRL and TSH${\beta}$ and its mutations associate with production traits in ruminant animals. We described a DdeI PCR-RFLP method for detecting a silent allele in the goat POU1F1 gene: TCT (241Ser)>TCG (241Ser). Frequencies of $D_1$ allele varied from 0.600 to 1.000 in Chinese 801 goats. Significant associations of DdeI polymorphism with production traits were found in milk yield (*p<0.05), litter size (*p<0.05) and one-year-old weight (*p<0.05) between different genotypes. Individuals with genotype $D_1D_1$ had a superior performances when compared to those with genotype $D_1D_2$ (*p<0.05). Hence, the POU1F1 gene was suggested to the potential candidate gene for superior milk performance, reproduction trait and weight trait. Genotype $D_1D_1$, characterized by a DdeI PCR-RFLP detection, was recommended to geneticists and breeders as a molecular marker for better performance in the goat industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.955-959
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• 2003

Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 is capable of synthesizing inactive apo-glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). To become an active holo enzyme, the GDH requires a cofactor, PQQ. When R. tropici CIAT 899 was grown in a broth culture medium containing hydroxyapatite and pyrrolo quinoline quinone (PQQ), pH decreased while the concentration of soluble P increased. The solubilization of hydroxyapatite was associated with the production of gluconic acid and 2-ketogluconic acids. The organic acid production and P solubilization were greatly enhanced when the bacterium was grown with air supply. Effect of R. tropici CIAT 899 with (CI＋PQQ) and without PQQ (CI) on the common bean growth was examined. Shoot and root weight, and N and P contents in CI＋PQQ treatment, were significantly higher than those in control and CI treatment. Nodule weight and acetylene reducing activities were also significantly higher in CI＋PQQ treatment than in other treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 1992

Eight healthy Holstein bulls, 4-6 years old were used to study the effect of season of the year on the biophysical characteristics of semen. Semen was collected twice a week by AV (artificial vagina) over one-year period. The analyses revealed that all the basic seminal traits studied were differed significantly due to season, except the ejaculate volume and consistency and the percentage of swollen spermatozoa in a hypo-osmotic fructose-citrate solution. Ejaculates collected during hot summer season had significantly lower sperm motility, concentration and total counts, and higher percentage of dead spermatozoa than those collected during winter time. Warm spring had moderate semen quality. The temperature-humidity index was calculated and it was associated (p < 0.01) negatively with the ejaculate pH, sperm concentration and total counts, and positively with the % of dead sperms. Ejaculate volume, percentage of swollen spermatozoa, individual motilities did not correlate significantly with the change in temperature-humidity index values. The total live, motile spermatozoa per ejaculate during both the winter and spring seasons showed significant increase of about 37% and 32% respectively over the summer season. Also, rectal temperatures of the bulls were elevated during the hot summer season, while the values of blood hemoglobin and packed-cell volume were decreased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.471-474
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• 1994

Five experimental groups with five adult male rats in each, were exposed to 20, 35, 40 and $45^{\circ}C$ air temperature for 50-70 minutes, and to $50^{\circ}C$ for 30-50 minutes, respectively. Food and drinking water were not permitted during the exposure. Blood samples were obtained by heart puncture immediately after the thermal treatment. All the rats were hyperthermic (p<0.01) as compared to the controls ($20^{\circ}C$). Hyperthermia was associated with hypoglycemia which was significant (p<0.01) at 45 and $50^{\circ}C$ exposures. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT declined at 35 and $40^{\circ}C$ reaching the lowest (p<0.05) level at $45^{\circ}C$, while at $50^{\circ}C$ GOT level was elevated by 45% but GPT was normal as compared to the controls. Differences between groups were significant (p<0.01) for GOT and insignificant for GPT. Hematocrit value increased significantly (p<0.01) at 45 and $50^{\circ}C$, indicating hemoconcentration. It could be concluded that severe heat stress (45 and $50^{\circ}C$) resulted in critical hyperthermia, hypoglycemia, disturbed liver function, body dehydration, and hemoconcentration leading to death.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 1989

Mutton was the meat of choice among the Saudi Arabian citizens in Riyadh Metropolitan area, 1986-1987, followed by chicken, camel meat, fish and beef. The desirable taste of mutton that represented 68% of the total respondents was the main reason for its preference to other meats. The study also showed that Najdi sheep, which is the predominant local breed, enjoy a priority in its meat consumption among the other indigenous and exogenous breeds of sheep in the central region of the Kingdom. A loyalty to the Najdi sheep was witnessed even when the unit price was assumed to be doubled. Purchasing Najdi sheep for non-family consumption had dropped, although still ranked first among the breeds of sheep readily available in the local markets. The results also showed that, 41% of the sample individuals purchased at least one sheep per family per month, and more consumption of mutton took place during the winter months than during the summer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.559-563
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• 2001

The effects of feeding a mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos) from 0 to 3 g/kg diet and vaccination program on 1- to 35-day performance (growth and feed efficiency), metabolizable energy, nitrogen utilization and carcass composition of meat chickens were investigated. A general vaccination program was used against IB, IBD and ND with half of the birds per diet receiving a booster dose of IB and ND vaccines at 12 days of age. Dietary supplementation of Bio-Mos (BM) did not influence body weight gain, feed efficiency and nutrient utilization. The highest dietary BM (3 versus 1.5 or 0 g/kg) increased carcass abdominal fat and reduced the proportion of drumstick in the carcass of meat chickens. The booster dose reduced the performance of birds. It was concluded that the addition of BM to the diet of chickens did not significantly influence the performance and nutrient utilization of meat chickens.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1990

The pressure to develop new agricultural technologies will be roughly proportional to the rate of depletion of natural resources employed in agriculture. Of these resources, land, water and gentic resources are critical. The development of agriculture is associated with a scientific and technological establishment, of remarkable capability ; responding rapidly to many problems encountered by the agricultural production. These advantages are also coupled with constraints. Agricultural systems are concerned with the efficient conversion of resources into products that are wanted by the producer or someone else who is prepared to pay for them. They are based on biological processes, but they are operated by the people for a multiplicity of purposes. Study of agricultural systems is aimed at helping in the operation of systems, their repair or their improvement. The future concerns of agriculture will center on (1) increasing and safeguarding the supplies of productive inputs to agriculture, (2) improving the efficiency with which these inputs are used in food production, (3) developing new sources of basic food materials, and (4) coping with the external costs that tend to appear in intensive, mechanized agriculture.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.237-249
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• 2006

The objective of this paper was to evaluate economic feasibility of biodiesel production. Biodiesel is a diesel-fuel replacement produced from domestic renewable resources such as vegetable oils. This paper deals mainly with the income and cost data to analyze economic feasibility of biodiesel. The income of a rape farmer for biodiesel was 206,894won/10a, and it's similar to barley income. In addition a rape production for biodiesel have ancillary effect. Therefore we have to use direct payment for encouraging the production and use of biodiesel.