• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to develop a single residue analytical method for new herbicide metazosulfuron in crops. METHODS AND RESULTS: Brown rice, apple, mandarin, Kimchi cabbage and soybean were selected as representative crops, and clean-up system, partition solvent and extraction solvent were optimized. Instrumental limit of quantitation (ILOQ), linearity of calibration curve and method limit of quantitation (MLOQ) were determined based on the chromatography and whole procedures. For recovery tests, brown rice, apple, mandarin, Kimchi cabbage and soybean samples were macerated and fortified with metazosulfuron standard solution at three levels (MLOQ, 10 MLOQ and 100 MLOQ). And then those were extracted with acetonitrile, concentrated, and partitioned with ethyl acetate. Then the extracts were concentrated again and cleaned-up through $NH_2$ (aminopropyl) SPE cartridge with acetone : dichloromethane (1% acetic acid) (20 : 80, v/v) before concentration and analysis with HPLC. CONCLUSION(S): ILOQ of metazosulfuron was 2 ng (S/N${\geq}$10) and good linearity was achieved between 0.05 and 12.5 mg/Kg of metazosulfuron standard solutions, with coefficients of determination of 0.9999. MLOQ was 0.02 mg/Kg. Good recoveries from 74.1 to 116.9% with coefficients of variation (C.V.) of less than 10% were obtained, regardless of sample type, which satisfies the criteria of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Those results were reconfirmed with LC-MS (SIM). The method established in this study is simple, economic and efficient to be applied to most of crops as an official and general method for residue analysis of metazosulfuron.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.553-557
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• 2014

The steady increase in livestock industry has greatly required the stable production of food and forage crops. As an alternative, rice-forage cropping system has been attempted in several southern areas. The present study was performed to understand whether an application of cattle-manure compost affects soil chemical properties and crop productivity in rice-forage cropping system, rice ${\rightarrow}$ summer oat ${\rightarrow}$ rye, in Jangheong county, south Jeolla province from 2013 to 2014. Treatments was composed of control (no compost), CM1 (compost application before rice transplanting), and CM2 (two-times compost application, before rice transplanting and after rice harvest), and inorganic fertilizers (N, P, and K) were equally dressed in all plots. Yields of rice were not significantly different between treatments, however, oat production was 1.25-fold higher in CM1 and CM2. Nutrient uptake amounts of rye were higher in CM2 than CM1 and control. Total nitrogen in soil was maintained stable level during crop cultivation. And soil organic matter contents in all treatments were increased by crop residue. Available P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K were increased by cattle manure application. Therefore, it suggested that the amount of nutrient by forage crop residue should be considered in rice-forage multiple cultivation.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2008

본 연구는 볏짚, 보리짚, 밀짚 및 유채대를 이용한 액화공정을 적용하여 중유를 생산할 때 그 생산량을 비교하였다. 촉매제로 $K_2CO_3$, NaOH 및 KOH와 같은 촉매제를 사용하여 반응온도 $320^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 반응시켰다. 액화공정 시스템은 외부전기화로, 교반기 및 5,000ml 반응기로 구성되어 있다, 반응기에 식물체 잔사 160g, 증류수 2,000ml 및 촉매제를 혼합하였으며, 촉매제량은 식물체 잔사량의 10%(wt/wt)를 투입하였다. KOH 촉매제를 사용하며, 보릿짚을 이용할 경우 바이오매스 투입량과 비교하여 최고 중유 생산량은 29%였다. 바이오매스 발열량과 비교하여 식물체 잔사로부터 전환된 중유의 발열량은 55~66% 범위이었다. 밀짚으로부터 전환된 중유의 발열량은 약 6190 kcal/kg으로 가장 높게 관측되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2020

The long-chained perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), are a potential exposure risk in the environment, specifically for humans due to high levels of bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxicity. In the current study, the plant uptake factors (PUFs) of spinach and Welsh onion were investigated on the three different concentration levels of PFOA and PFOS in soil. Spinach and Welsh onion were divided into three residue groups, a control group and two levels of PFOA and PFOS. The PFAAs spiked soils were aged for six months and the extractable residue of PFOS in the aged soil was reduced to 30-59% of the initial spiked concentrations for PFOS, while PFOA showed almost the same initial spiked concentrations. The PUFs for PFOA and PFOS were 0.111-2.821 and 0.047-3.175 for spinach, and 0.203-0.738 and 0.035-0.181 for Welsh onion, respectively. The highest PUF values in both vegetable were displayed when the residual concentration of PFAAs were part-per-billion (ppb) or sub-ppb in soil.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.257-271
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• 2019

The use of food grade hexane (FGH) for edible oil extraction is responsible for the presence of benzene in the crude oil. Benzene is a Group 1 carcinogen and could pose a serious threat to the health of consumer. However, its detection still depends on classical methods using chromatography which requires a rapid non-destructive detection method. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis to detect and quantify the benzene residue in edible oil (sesame and cottonseed oil). Oil samples were adulterated with varying quantities of benzene, and their FTIR spectra were acquired with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) method. Optimal variables for a partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model were selected using the variable importance in projection (VIP) and the selectivity ratio (SR) methods. The developed PLS models with whole variables and the VIP- and SR-selected variables were validated against an independent data set which resulted in $R^2$ values of 0.95, 0.96, and 0.95 and standard error of prediction (SEP) values of 38.5, 33.7, and 41.7 mg/L, respectively. The proposed technique of FTIR combined with multivariate analysis and variable selection methods can detect benzene residuals in edible oils with the advantages of being fast and simple and thus, can replace the conventional methods used for the same purpose.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2018

Smart livestock has been proposed as a solution to increase farmers' income and new recruitment of livestock farmers. In this paper, a standardization Plan of breeding management device and collected information for smart livestock cattle was proposed. l Sophisticatedly, basic information will be established for all six types of livestock breeding management device: military automatic feeder, calf automatic feeder, smart milk cooler, feed bin to be able to measure feed residue, smart scale, and biometric information collection device. The standardization, common use, and stabilization of major livestock management device and collected information were suggested to solve the problems caused by in existing breeding management device.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: This study was to develop a analytical reference material including twenty pesticides in tomato. To use it for proficiency test, the suitability of homogeneity, storage stability, assigned values and uncertainty for analytical reference material were important.METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to develop a analytical reference material of tomato for multi-residue analysis of pesticides, twenty-pesticides were treated in tomato and the samples were frozen and homogenized. The homogeneity, stability, assigned value and uncertainty were calculated according to the requirements of the KS A ISO Guide 35, KS Q ISO 13528 and EURL-PT protocol. The values of the within-bottle standard variation(s_wb) and the between-bottle standard variation(s_bb) were 0.9~6.5% of assigned value and the uncertainty(u*_bb) due to inhomogeneity was also calculated as 0.6~1.9% for all pesticides. This indicated that it was satisfactory to be used as a analytical reference material. The storage stabilities of twenty-pesticides at room temperature and freezing conditions were assessed according to the requirement of the KS Q ISO Guide 35. All pesticides were stable at room temperature (20~30℃) for 8 days and freezing (-20℃) for 23 days.CONCLUSION: The feasibility of analytical reference material for pesticide multi-residue analysis in a tomato matrix was investigated. Homogeneity of within/between-bottle, uncertainty and stabilities at room temperature and freezing condition were satisfactory for a use of proficiency test and quality control. From these results, a analytical reference material would be applicable to monitor the proficiency test of pesticide analysis organizations to improve the reliability and consistency.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2017

본 연구는 딸기 중 flubendiamide 및 pyriofenone의 경시적 잔류변화를 조사하여 반감기를 산출함으로써 생산단계 잔류허용기준을 설정하고자 수행하였다. Flubendiamide 및 pyriofenone 농약을 안전사용기준에 준하여 포장 1, 2에 각각 살포한 후 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10일차에 딸기 시료를 채취하여 각각의 농약을 HPLC/UVD를 이용하여 분석하였다. 두 농약의 정량한계는 모두 $0.01mg\;kg^{-1}$이었고 $0.2mg\;kg^{-1}$와 $2mg\;kg^{-1}$ 수준에서 회수율은 각각 flubendiamide의 경우 $90.9{\pm}2.2%$와 $81.9{\pm}0.8%$이었으며, pyriofenone은 $87.7{\pm}2.1%$와 $85.3{\pm}1.1%$이었다. 딸기 중 flubendiamide의 생물학적 반감기는 포장 1, 2에서 각각 8.1일과 7.2일이었으며, pyriofenone의 경우 7.0일과 6.9일이었다. Flubendiamide 및 pyriofenone에 대하여 딸기 수확 10일 전 잔류량이 각각 $1.87mg\;kg^{-1}$와 $3.67mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 나타난다면 최종 잔류량은 MRL 수준 이하의 안전한 농산물을 생산할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

HPLC에 의한 배추 중 trifloxystrobin의 회수율은 $84.6{\sim}95.3%$이었고 대사산물인 CGA321113의 회수율은 $86.4{\sim}87.3%$이었으며, 검출한계는 모두 0.04 mg $kg^{-1}$이었다. 경엽처리시 배추 중 trifloxystrobin 잔류량은 수확 5일과 6일전 2회 처리, 수확 3일과 7일전 3회 처리에서 모두 농약잔류허용기준(temporary MRL, 0.5 mg $kg^{-1}$)을 초과하였다. 관주처리 배추에서의 trifloxystrobin 잔류량은 기준량(1500배 희석액 주당 150 mL) 및 배량(1500배 희석액 주당 300 mL)처리에서 각각 0.16, 0.31 mg $kg^{-1}$으로 MRL 미만이었다. 따라서 살균제 trifloxystrobin(22% 액상수화제)를 사용하여 배추 재배시 농약잔류허용기준에 의하여 토양처리가 안전할 것으로 사료되며 경엽처리시 안전사용기준으로 부적합하다고 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1983

우리나라 주요(主要) 하천수(河川水)에 대(對)한 농약잔유실태(農藥殘留實態)를 파악(把握)하여 농약안전사용(農藥安全使用)의 기초자료(基礎資料)로 활용(活用)코자 5대강(大江) 본류(本流)를 중심(中心)으로 주요(主要) 지류유입지점(支流流入地點)을 강별(江別)로 5개소(個所)를 선정(選定), 갈수기(渴水期)(4월(月))와 성수기(盛水期)(8월)에 동일(同一) 지점(地點)에서 시과(試科)를 채취(採取)하여 하천수중(河川水中) 농약잔유량(農藥殘留量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 조사대상지역(調査對象地域)이나 조사시기(調査時期)와는 무관(無關)하게 하천수중농약잔유량(河川水中農藥殘留量)은 극미량(極微量)으로 검출(檢出)되었다. 대체(大體)로 성수기(盛水期)가 갈수기(渴水期)에 비(比)해 다소(多少) 높은 수준(水準)으로 검출(檢出)되었는데, IBP와 diazinon의 경우는 그러한 현상(現象)이 더욱 현저하였다. 유기인계농약(有機燐系農藥)은 IBP와 diazinon만이 검출(檢出)되었으며, fenthion, fenitrothion, chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos, phenthoate, 및 edifenphos는 어느 시료(試料)에서도 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. IBP와 diazinon의 조사최고치(調査最高値)는 각각(各各) 1.53과 0.39ppb이었다. 유기염소농약(有機鹽素農藥)은 조사시기(調査時期)에 따른 차리(差異)가 거의 없었다. Aldrin은 어느 시료(試料)에서도 검출(檢出)되지 않았으며, dieldrin과 p.p`-DDT는 극(極)히 일부(一部) 시료(試料)에서만 극미량(極微量)으로 검출(檢出)된 반면(反面), BHC와 heptachlor및 ${\alpha}-endosulfan$의 검출빈도(檢出頻度)는 다소(多少) 높은 편(便)이나 그들의 잔류수준(殘留水準)은 매우 낮았다.