• 수도
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• v.25 no.1 s.88
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• pp.25-35
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• 1998

Factors controlling water quality, water-quality standards, and normal ranges of concentrations in unpolluted fresh water and the sources of elements were explained in this paper. In particular, the sources of groundwater contamination such as the disposal of domestic waste water, landfills, chemical spills and leaking underground tanks, and agricultural and mining activities were discussed.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 1994

Our experiment investigated the degree of soil contaimination caused by oil leakage. Each soil sample was taken by boring 5, 8m below the test areas, located 5 to 30m from storage tanks at oil stations. According to the results from a series of laboratory tests(both soxhiet extract test and gas chromatograph test), Traces of a light oil were found in all samples except in Dj8, rocky soil and gasoline and petroleum were not detected. We concluded that soil contamination was caused by the corrosion of storage tanks or alternatively by oil overflow caused during the flooding of underground water seeping into the tank during heavy rain fall or the spillage caused by carelessness during lubrication. Old stations without a concrete box enclosing their metal tanks run a greater risk of oil leakage. To research the effect of oil leakage on plant growth and underground water, We examined the results of research conducted overseas. According to these results, when oil leakage occurs, plant growth is repressed and agricultural crops experience low productivity levels. Also, the contamination of underground water can be serious when oil spreads to the aquifer layer. As a result of these problems, to prevent oil leakage and minimize its contaminating effects at oil stations, it is necessary to improve facilities of storage tanks and have the monitoring system of oil leakage.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2013

To investigate Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in rice samples from rice processing complexes (RPCs), paddy rice and rice-milling products such as husks, brown rice, blue-tinged rice, broken rice, rice bran, discolored rice, and polished rice were collected from nationwide in 2012. Three hundred seventy one samples of rice and its by-products were analyzed for three trichothethenes including nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA) by LC/MS. Discolored rice samples were found to have the highest contamination of DON, NIV or ZEA, followed by broken rice. Polished rice samples were largely free from mycotoxins, except three samples which were contaminated with NIV or DON at safety level. The rice byproduct samples were contaminated at higher level and frequencies than polished rice samples.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Organic amendments such as animal waste compost, lime-bordeaux mixture, and lime sulphur mixture contain heavy metal(loid)s which are toxic to human being, animal, and plant. The objective of this study was to compare heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil between conventional and organic farm. Soil samples were collected from 10 conventional and 38 organic fruit farms. At each sampling point, top (0~15 cm) and sub soil (15~30 cm) were taken using hand auger. Total concentration for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the collected soil were measured. The pollution index (PI) for heavy metal in organic farms indicated it was unpolluted area. However, mean value of PI for organic farms (0.143) was higher than that for conventional farms (0.122). High Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu, Pb, and Zn implied that grape farms were more polluted than others fruit farms because a lot of lime-bordeaux mixture and lime sulphur were applied in organic grape farms. Especially, top soils showed higher level of contamination than sub soil. Based on the above results, organic amendments might cause accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, particular attention should be paid for concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn, when organic amendments are used in the organic fruit farms.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2007

Contamination of ochratoxin A (OTA) was studied in 194 compound feeds and 59 feed ingredients samples distributed in South KOREA in 2006 and 2007. The degree of OTA contamination in feed ingredients was 27%, and its detected levels were ranged from 0.27 to 3.39 ppb. Seventy six percent of compound feeds were contaminated with OTA at concentration between 0.21 and 13.64 ppb. The highest degree of OTA contamination was observed in compound feeds for dairy cattle (96%) followed by for poultry (85%) and swine (79%). Beef cattle exhibited the highest level of OTA contamination (2.2 ppb). Compound feeds for dairy cattle and feed ingredients for vegetable proteins showed relative lower level of contamination at 1.6 and 1.2 ppb, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1998

The environmental problem of the rural area has been accelerated in soil as well as water. Soil contamination is usually caused by improper operation of landfills, abandoned mine fields, accidental spills, and illegal dumpings. Once soil contamination is initiated, pollutants migrate and may cause groundwater contamination which takes much effort for remediation. Early detection, therefore, is important to prevent further contamination. Electrical resistivity method was used to detect soil contamination, but it was not effective to the heterogeneous condition. Static cone penetrometer test (CPT) has been used widely to investigate geotechnical properties of the underground. In this study, electrical resistivity method and CPT are combined to improve the applicability of it. The pilot test was performed to examine the variation of electrical resistivity with different soil minerals and pore fluid characteristics. Soil samples used were poorly graded sand, silty sandy soil, and weathered granite soil. For all the cases, electrical resistivity decreased with increasing of moisture content. Soil mineral also affected the electrical resistivity significantly. Above all, leachate addition in the pore fluid was very sensitive and caused decreasing of electrical resistivity markedly. It implies that electrical resistivity method can be applied to investigate pollutant plume effectively. This is specially sure when the sensors contact the contaminated soils directly. The CPT method involves cone penetration to the ground, therefore, underground contamination around the cone could be investigated effectively even for heterogeneous condition as it penetrates if electrical resistivity sensors are attached on the cone.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.641-645
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• 2015

Fascioliasis, a food-borne trematode zoonosis, is a disease primarily in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), an aquatic perennial herb, is a common second intermediate host of Fasciola, and the fresh stems and leaves are widely used as a seasoning in the Korean diet. However, no information regarding Fasciola species contamination in water dropwort is available. Here, we collected 500 samples of water dropwort in 3 areas in Korea during February and March 2015, and the water dropwort contamination of Fasciola species was monitored by DNA sequencing analysis of the Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica specific mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 500 samples assessed, the presence of F. hepatica cox1 and 1TS-2 markers were detected in 2 samples, and F. hepatica contamination was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The nucleotide sequences of cox1 PCR products from the 2 F. hepatica-contaminated samples were 96.5% identical to the F. hepatica cox1 sequences in GenBank, whereas F. gigantica cox1 sequences were 46.8% similar with the sequence detected from the cox1 positive samples. However, F. gigantica cox1 and ITS-2 markers were not detected by PCR in the 500 samples of water dropwort. Collectively, in this survey of the water dropwort contamination with Fasciola species, very low prevalence of F. hepatica contamination was detected in the samples.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.411-429
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• 2018

Daeyoung mine (also called "Daema mine") produced gold and silver from mainly gold- and silver-bearing quartz veins. The mine tailings are a waste hazard, but most of the tailings were swept away or dispersed throughout the area around the mine long before the tailing dump areas were transformed into agricultural land. Soil liner and protection facilities, such as retaining walls, were constructed in the mine area to prevent the loss of tailings. The content of the tailings is 3,424.41~3,803.61 mg/kg, which exceeds the safety standard by a factor of 45. In addition, contamination was detected near agricultural areas and in the sediments in downstream drainage channels. A high level of As contamination was concentrated near the waste tailings yard; comparaable levels were detected in agricultural areas close to streams that ran through the waste dump yard, whereas the levels were much lower in areas far from the streams. The contamination in stream sediments showed a gradual decrease with distance from the mine waste yard. Based on these contamination patterns, we concluded that there are two main paths that affect the spread of contaminants: (1) loss of mine waste, and (2) the introduction of mine waste into agricultural areas by floods after transportation by streams. The agricultural areas contaminated by mass inflow of mine waste can act as contamination sources themselves, affecting other agricultural areas through the diffusion of contaminants. At present, although the measured effect in minimal, sediments in streams are contaminated by exposed mine waste and surface liners. It is possible for contaminants to diffuse or spread into nearby areas if heavy elements trapped in soil grains in contaminated agricultural areas leach out as soil solution or contaminant particles during diffusion into the water supply.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 1998

Pesticide has played important role in Korean and Austrailian agriculture. In addition, pesticides are the most reliable tools pests in agriculture. Recently, it is highly recommended that the use of pesticide should be concerned with both atricultural and environmental aspect, also legislation on environmental contamination has been fortified to the world. Particularly, the attention on agrochemicals has been focused on the soil abuse and the water contamination at present time. In spite of this kind of concern, a few research about pesticides using in Australia and Korean have been conducted to their behaviors under australian and korean environment to avoid environmental contamination by pesticides. Thus, the research organizations need facilities to analyze the characteristics of each pesticide and the environmental fate of pesticides. The conventional analytical method to detect pesticides and their metabolites can not be overcome to reduce time, expenditure, and complexity of analysis even though the methods are accurate and precise. For example, High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC) used until now are less choice detectors and often lower sensitive. In contrast to the conventional analytical methods, biosensors are so fast in analysis and has high productivity and analyze multi=sample simultaneously. Therefore, it is biosensing analytical method that we could consider as an alternative method intead of the conventional methods.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.268-277
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• 2014

This study assessed microbiological hazards at postharvest stage of dropwort farms (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) located in 4 different areas in Korea. The samples were assessed for sanitary indication bacteria (total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and Escherichia coli) and pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus). Total aerobic bacteria and coliform in 9 dropwort farms were detected at the levels of 0~7.00 and 0~4.25 log CFU/g, mL, of $100cm^2$. In particular, microbial contamination in worker's hand showed higher than cultivation environment factors. Escherichia coli was detected in several farms of soil, irrigation water, washing water and worker's hand and also, dropwort in these farms was contaminated with E. coli (positive reaction). In case of pathogenic bacteria, B. cereus was detected at the highest levels in soil. S. aureus was detected qualitatively from only one sample of dropwort washed by water. E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were not detected. Although dropwort pass through 2 process (trimming and washing), the microbial contamination was not differ significantly before and after which indicates that current washing system was not effect on reduction of microorganism. From these results, the postharvest environment and workers have been considered as cross-contamination factors. Thus, processing equipments and personal hygiene should be managed to reduce the microbial contamination of dropwort. Accordingly management system such as good agricultural practices (GAP) criteria is needed for the safety of dropwort