• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.447-458
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluation of biomass generation mechanisms and to propose the estimation method of biomass generation. Agricultural by-product biomass is generated during crops cultivation and after harvest. However these are not uniformly generated yearly and these depending on the seasons. For planning of biomass utilization, accurate information of the biomass resources is needed, especially characteristic and productivity of biomass are necessary. Agricultural by-product biomass are generated in a wide area being scattered and it is one of the major reason why agricultural biomass utilization is not activated compared with other waste biomass. In this study, estimation and evaluation biomass generation is achieved in specific spatial and temporal boundary, A-city in Gyeongi-do and september to November respectively. Quantity and quality of by-product biomass show big difference depending on the crop species and cultivation periods and these difference bring up that accurate biomass estimation should be considered during planning of biomass utilization and technology selecting for biomass converting to energy and other forms.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 바이오매스자원별 실태 및 동태적 변화를 알아보기 쉽게 시간적 공간적인 분포와 추세를 시각화하여 주제별 분포지도를 작성하였다. 분뇨 배출량은 축종별 사육두수에 따른 원단위 배출량을 적용하여 계산하였다. 전국 가축분뇨배출량 지도를 작성하여 분석해본 결과 경기남부 지역과 충청남도 북부 지역에서 분뇨배출량이 많이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었고, 시군구 단위의 조사에서도 비슷한 결과가 나타났다. 또한 음식물 폐기물 폐수발생량, 음식물 쓰레기 매립, 재활용 분포지도에서는 수도권지역이 공공시설 및 민간시설 모두 음식물 폐기물 폐수발생량이 높게 나타났고, 민간시설 부분에서는 경상도 일원이 폐수발생량이 높았다. 강원도, 전남 지역에서는 상대적으로 음식물 쓰레기 재활용 분포도가 높게 나타났다. 바이오매스자원으로 활용가치가 높은 농업부산물인 볏짚 생산량 분포도를 시 군 단위로 작성하였는데 볏짚 생산량이 많은 곡창 지역의 경우 바이오에너지로 활용하는 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 이들 결과를 통해 바이오매스 발생원별 분포지도는 정책입안자, 농민, 일반인에게 바이오매스 자원에 대한 정보를 가시적으로 전달할 수 있고, 친환경 농업정책 추진과 바이오 에너지 이용 정책 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.252.2-252.2
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• 2010

Biomass is considered to be a major potential fuel and renewable resource for the future. In fact, there is high potential to produce the large amount of energy from biomass around the world. In this study, to obtain basic data for practical application of wood pellet and wood pellet boiler system as heating system in agriculture, agricultural biomass resources were surveyed, pellet was made of agricultural by-product such as stem of rape, oat and rice, ricehusk and sawdust and wood pellet boiler system with capacity of 116 kW was manufactured and installed in greenhouse of $38.5m{\times}32m$. High heating value, bulk density and ash content of pellet made of agricultural by-product and efficiency and heating performance of this system was estimated. Rice straw was the largest agricultural biomass in 2005 and the total amount of rice straw converted into energy of $131.71{\times}10^{11}$ kJ. And in 2005, total amount of forest' by-product converted into energy of $29,277.05{\times}10^{11}$ kJ. High heating values of pellets made of agricultural by-products of stem and seed of rape, stem of oat, rice straw and rice husk were 16,034, 16,026, 16,089, 15,650, 15,044 kJ/kg respectively. High heating values of pellets made of agricultural by-products were 83.6% compared to that of wood pellet. Average bulk density of pellets made of agricultural by-products of stem and seed of rape, stem of oat, rice straw and rice husk was 1,400 $kg/m^3$. Ash contents of the pellets were 6.6, 7.0, 6.2, 5.5, 33% respectively. Ash content of rice husk pellet was the largest compared to other kind of pellets. To increase efficiency of agricultural pellet boiler, the boiler adopted secondary heat exchanger. The agricultural pellet boiler designed and manufactured in this study had high efficiency of 84.2% compared to the conventional agricultural pellet boiler, when water flow rate, exhaust gas temperature and average combustion furnace temperature were 39L/min, $180^{\circ}C$, $680^{\circ}C$ respectively. And pellet supplying and pausing time were 13, 43 seconds respectively. In March of 2010, prices of wood pellet, agricultural tax free diesel, diesel, kerosene were 350 won/kg, 811 won/L, 1,422 won/L, 976 Won/L respectively. Also in terms of energy, prices per same heating value were 77.8, 90.1, 158, 108.4 Won/Mcal. Energy saving rate of wood pellet was 16, 50, 39% compared to agricultural tax free diesel, diesel and kerosene respectively.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2011

Biomass is considered to be a major potential fuel and renewable resource for the future. In fact, there is high potential to produce the large amount of energy from biomass around the world. In this study, to obtain basic data for practical application of agricultural and forest by-products as fuel of heating system in agriculture, agricultural and forest biomass resources were surveyed, the pelletizer with capacity of $50\;kg{\cdot}h^{-1}$ was designed and manufactured and pellets were made by the pelletizer. High heating value, ash content, etc. of pellets made of agricultural and forest by-products were estimated. Straw of rice was the largest agricultural biomass in 2009 and the total amount of rice straw converted into energy of $299{\times}10^3$ TOE. And in 2009, amount of forest by-product converted into energy of $9,579{\times}10^3$ TOE. High heating values of pellets made of stem and seed of rape, stem of oat, rice straw and rice husk were 16,034, 16,026, 16,089, 15,650, $15,044\;kJ{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ respectively. High heating values of pellets made of agricultural by-products were average 83.6% compared to that of wood pellet. Average bulk density of pellets made of stem and seed of rape, stem of oat, rice straw and rice husk was $1,400\;kg{\cdot}m^{-3}$ ($1.4\;g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$). Ash contents of the pellets were 6.6, 7, 6.2, 5.5, 33% respectively. Rice husk pellet produced the largest ash content compared to other kinds of pellets.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2004년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.112-112
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• 2004

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.107.1-107
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• 2003

The fermentation process and subsequent processing determine the efficacy of a bioherbicide propagule. Large batches of biomass of the mycoherbicide agent for white clover, Sclerotium sp.(BWC98-105) was produced in simple liquid fermentator in 5 gallons vessels(Model No. 8087, Dabo Inc., Korea) with oxygen supply(DPH16000, FineTech Inc., Korea) simulating industrial conditions by utilizing commercially available, inexpensive ingredients (10 ％ rice bran), The maximum biomass yield of Sclerotium sp.(BWC98-105) was obtained after 5 days of air pumped incubation at room temperature condition(22-28$^{\circ}C$). By using this simple facility, it could get fragmented or proliferated greatly and attained maximum mycelia biomass. The biomass of mycoherbicide agent consisted of hyphae devoid of spores. Biomass mycelia of the fungus 99％ survival at room temperature after 2 me. A thorough understanding of the effects of fermentation and formulation on viability and virulence is required to guide these processes. After an economical yield level of bioherbicide propagule has been achieved in a fermentation process, formulation becomes a critical factor which influences product efficacy. Because the fermentation must be stopped at a point when virulence/viability are optimum, the live bioherbicide propagule must be stabilized, formulated, and packaged.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2017

본 연구는 농가에서 버려지는 부산물을 탄화물로 변환한 후 토양에 적용하여 토양의 화학적 특성 변화와 온실가스 발생량을 비교하였다 탄화물로의 활용은 세 가지의 장점이 있었다. 첫 번째 버려지는 자원은 활용하여 재이용한 측면, 두 번째 농경지의 토양탄소 함량을 증진 시킬 수 있는 측면, 세 번째 농경지에서 발생하는 아산화질소를 줄일 수 있는 측면에서 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 $N_2O$ 감축기작에 대한 정확한 파악을 위해 질소순환과 연계된 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2007

Rice straw, produced as an agricultural by-product, is usable biomass as fuels if depolymerized to monomer unit, because the chemical structure are similar to high octane materials found in gasoline. In this study, parameters of thermochemical degradation by solvolysis reaction of rice straw such as the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and type of solvent on conversion yield and degradation products were investigated. It was found that the effectiveness of the solvent on the solvolysis reaction was as follows; acetone>cresol>butanol. When acetone was used as a solvent, the highest rice straw conversion was observed to be 91.5% at $500^{\circ}C$, 40 min. Combustion heating value of liquid products from thermochemical conversion processes was in the range of 7,380 cal/g. The energy yield and mass yield in acetone-solvolysis of rice straw was as high as 69.0% and 38.2 g-oil/100g-raw material after 40 min of reaction at $350^{\circ}C$. Various aliphatic and aromatic compounds were detected in the rice straw solvolysis products. The major components of the solvolysis products, that could be used as fuel, were 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclopentan-1-one as ketones.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.651-665
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• 2020

Hydrolysis of biomass for the production of fermentable sugar can be improved by the addition of surfactants. In pulp and paper mills, lignin, which is a by-product of the pulping process, can be utilized as a fine chemical. In the hydrolysis process, lignin is one of the major inhibitors of the enzymatic breakdown cellulose into sugar monomer. Therefore, the conversion of lignin into a biosurfactant offers the opportunity to solve the waste problem and improve hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, lignin derivatives, a biosurfactant, was applied to enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass. This Biosurfactant can be prepared by reacting lignin with a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol diglycidylethers (PEDGE). In this study, the effect of biosurfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), oil palm empty fruit bunch, and sugarcane trash with different lignin contents was investigated. The results show that lignin derivatives improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass with low lignin content, however, it has less influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis of other pretreated biomass with lignin content higher than 10% (w/w). The use of biosurfactant on SSB kraft pulp can increase the sugar yield from 45.57% to 81.49%.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2012

Wood biomass including forest residues, waste wood, and construction residuals has been widely generated in Korea, but forest biomass from the National Forest Management Operation Project plays a big role in generating wood biomass. Unfortunately the promotion policy of woody energy organized by the Forest Service in Korea concentrates more on demand creation rather than on supply expansion. Therefore, in order to utilize insufficient wood resources effectively, it is greatly required to develop uses for maximizing their added value. In particular, more attention to the use of the second generation biomass has been paid in foreign countries because there is a threshold that the first generation biomass cannot produce enough biofuel without threatening food supplies and biodiversity. In Korea, wood pellets are regarded as the alternative clean fuels to oils and coals that emit green house gases into the atmosphere. However, using wood as pellet raw materials can not be an economic way because the value of wood disappears right after burning in the boiler in spite of its contribution to the decrease of carbon emission. Differently from wood pellets, kraft pulping process using woody biomass produces black liquor as a by-product which can be used to generate electricity, bioenergy and biochemicals through gasification. Thus, it can be more economical to make a torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass such as low-quality wood and agricultural leftovers as raw materials of pellets.