• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5221-5229
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• 2013

This study focused on the construction of Korean Evacuation load Model for reflecting Korean Evacuation behaviors. For the purposes, several evacuation experiments are executed according to the ages, and the level and types of disabilities. We accumulated the data on the evacuation velocity and behavior patterns according the ages, and the level and types of disabilities. From these results, we proposed the Korean Evacuation Load Model and compared with several popular evacuation simulation model such SIMULEX. As results of these studies, we found the possibility of construction of Korean Evacuation Simulation System based on the Korean Evacuation Model including the evacuation velocity and human behaviors.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.398-411
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• 2001

Funeral rites relate to the last ceremonies involving the process of human beings moving from this world to the other world, becoming part of a life which remarkably reflects the world after death. They can be said to be the best culture created by the conception of death. The ceremonies of mourning, or ubiquitius folk phenomena of all the ages from the ancient times to modern times, represent the mass belief of each nation in spiritual worlds as well as the feelings of individuals facing death. In so far as their methods are concerned, the ceremonies vary in accordance with ages, nations, regions and culture. The practices of today\`s funeral rites conducted in the West have been formed and changed throughout its long history. Now that the ceremonies are a combination of complicated cultures, they serve as an important tool for inquiring into the spiritual life of the people of an age in question and the pictures of the society concerned. Therefore this paper is designed to look into the culture of shrouds showing respect for the dead in the West. With the view of examining death, and grave clothes for them, but also with the spiritual culture of human beings in relation to death represented in their pictures. I resort to literature and materials related to the shrouds of the dead which appeared in a period from the Medieval Age to the 19th century.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.151-163
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• 1998

This Study is concerned with the color design of Korean and Japanese wooden architecture. The main subject of the study is to investigate the commonness and difference of color decoration between Korean and Japanese Buddhist 'Danchung' in the modern ages. In carrying this study into execution, I examined the architectural and historical backgrounds, and analysed the elements, techniques and principles of color design. The result of this study is as follows ; 1. 'Danchung' was originated from the practical functions in Chinese wooden architecture, and developed to embody sensuous beauty in Buddhist temple. The techniques and principles of color design and color tone of Korean and japanese Danchung had been similar in the ancient ages. But little by little they have differed in its function and color tone. So they are very different in modern times. 2. The dominant colors of Korean Danchung are red and green as 'Sang-nok Ha-dan(上綠下丹)', but Japanese's is only red as 'Bak-gan Juk-sun(白間赤線)' 3. Korean Danchung expresses and accentuates the important structural elements in three dimensions, on the other hand japanese Danchung takes two dimensional decoration on the unstructural elements 4. When seen in general, in Korean Danchung colors and their light and shade are simple and patternized. In the meantime, Japanese Danchung has many configurational expressions in general and is closed to paintings or picture.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.55.1-55.1
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• 2014

on the observation with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on the Gemini-South 8.1 m telescope. The radial velocities of four ESCs do not display any sign of systematic motion, unlike the intermediate age carbon stars in NGC 6822. The ages and metallicities derived using the Lick indices show that the ESCs are old (>=8 Gyr) and metal poor ([Fe/H] <= -1.5). NGC 6822 is found to have both metal poor ($[Fe/H]{\approx}-2.0$) and metal rich ($[Fe/H]{\approx}-0.9$) star clusters within 15' (2 kpc) from the center, whereas only metal poor clusters are observed in the outer halo with r >= 20'(2.6 kpc). Based on the kinematics, old ages, and low metallicities of ESCs, we discuss the possible origin of ESCs and the formation of the outer halo of a small dwarf irregular galaxy NGC6822.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.487-498
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• 2015

A proper initial curing is a very simple and inexpensive alternative to improve concrete cover quality and accordingly extend the service life of reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive species. A current study investigates the effect of wet curing duration on chloride penetration in plain and blended cement concretes which subjected to tidal exposure condition in south of Iran for 5 years. The results show that wet curing extension preserves concrete against high rate of chloride penetration at early ages and decreases the difference between initial and long-term diffusion coefficients due to improvement of concrete cover quality. But, as the length of exposure period to marine environment increased the effects of initial wet curing became less pronounced. Furthermore, a relationship is developed between wet curing time and diffusion coefficient at early ages and the effect of curing length on time-to-corrosion initiation of concrete is addressed.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the neonatal birth weight, birth height, Apgar scores, sucking power, and digestion difficulties between smoking and non-smoking women following cesarean birth. This study analyzed the effects of smoking on the neonatal health status in pregnant women to provide fundamental data for smoking prevention education for women of childbearing ages and non-smoking practice protocols for pregnant women with smoking. Methods: A comparative survey design was used. Fifty-four newborn infants of pregnant women with smoking and seventy-four newborn infants of pregnant women with non-smoking participated in this study. The scores of neonatal birth weight, birth height, Apgar scores, sucking power, and digestion difficulties were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS Windows 15.0 program. Results: Smoking in pregnant women leads to the decrease of birth weight (F=4.75, p=.030) and birth height (F=14.19, p<.001), negative effects on the Apgar scores (F=36.02, p<.001) and sucking power (t=-4.26~-5.60, p<.001), and digestion difficulties ($x^2$=6.72, p=.010) of neonates. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that smoking in pregnant women leads to the decrease of fetus development. These findings would be utilized for the development of not only smoking prevention programs for women of childbearing ages but also prenatal education programs for pregnant women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to classify somatotype was obtained from the factor scores of the upper half of body and analyze the somatometric characteristics. The sample group was drawn from boys at the ages 9 to 10 living in Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do. Data from each boy comprised 36 anthropometric measurements and 7 photographic measurements. The study reached following conclusions. 1. According to the analysis to draw somatometric factors, seven indicative factors were obtained from measurements of the upper half of body. The most significant factor "sectional size" and the second most significant factor "longitudinal size" characterized most aspects of body shape. 2. According to the analysis of somatometric characteristics by the upper half of body, they were categorized into four types; Boys in type 1 had high stature, broadest shoulders, average frame, flattest chest and quite protruded shoulder blades and belly; boys in type 2 had shortest stature, smallest frame, most sloping shoulders and flattest shoulder blades and belly; boys in type 3 had quite corpulent with average stature, rising shoulders, most protruded chest and shoulder blades and belly of protrusion close to the average; boys in type 4 had highest stature, biggest frame, broad shoulders and back, and most protruded shoulder blades and belly.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2010

This study has been done with 1,431 subjects who visited Health Promotion Centers of the hospitals in Gumi for National Health Screening Program for People at Transitional Ages from April to December 2007. Serum biochemical tests related with metabolic syndrome were performed. Among biochemical factors related with metabolic syndrome, the mean values of serum glucose, AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol except LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in males than in females, so a significant difference by sex was observed (P<0.001). AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL were thought to be significantly affecting serum GGT for males. In contrast, ALT and HDL cholesterol were important factors for females (P<0.001). For both sexes, serum glucose and LDL cholesterol did not produce any meaningful effect on serum GGT. In males AST, ALT and HDL cholesterol were associated with high risk of abnormality of serum GGT and in females AST, ALT and LDL cholesterol were related with high risk of abnormality of serum GGT. Therefore, AST and ALT showed a significant effect on abnormality of serum GGT in both males and females. It was observed that males exhibited significantly high correlation between metabolic syndrome related biochemical factors and serum GGT than females, and their influence on abnormality of serum GGT was also higher in males than in females. Therefore, serum GGT tests performed for health screening are considered to be useful for managements of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome as well as liver function test.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine differences in nutrition knowledge, eating habits during pregnancy, and neonatal health status between primipara for pregnant women of advanced maternal age in comparison to those under the age of 35. Methods: This study used a comparative survey design. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and patients medical records. A total of 127 participants, mothers after delivery were recruited from metropolitan city B. Results: Primipara in advanced maternal age (n=32) reported significantly higher scores of eating habits (Z=-2.96, p=.003) than younger ages (n=95). There were no significant differences in scores of pregnancy nutrition knowledge (Z=-0.44, p=.660), duration of gestation (Z=-0.28, p=.778), neonatal birth height (Z=-0.10, p=.924), neonatal birth weight (Z=-0.28, p=.777), Apgar score 1 minute (Z=-0.53, p=.599) and 5 minutes (Z=-0.23, p=.816) between two groups. Conclusion: It concludes that age is not the obstacle to the best nutritional status of women and their newborns.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between women's face satisfaction and makeup satisfaction, to disclose the differences of makeup satisfaction according to demographic variables, and to examine how makeup satisfaction was influenced by face satisfaction and demographic variables. The subjects were 200 women over age 17 living in Seoul and its peripheral areas. The results of this study were as follows: Face satisfaction were drawn three factors. Factor 1 was face contour satisfaction, Factor 2 was skin satisfaction, and Factor 3 was lips and eyes satisfaction. There were significant positive relationship between factors of face satisfaction and makeup satisfaction. Also, the face contour satisfaction was in positive correlation with satisfaction of features, and the skin satisfaction was in positive correlation with that of features. There were significant positive correlations between makeup satisfaction and face shape, eyes, nose, lips, chin, and cheek bone satisfaction. Face satisfaction didn't show significant difference according to demographic variables, but makeup satisfaction showed significant difference according to age and occupation. Face satisfaction was influenced by the facial face, clarity of skin, elasticity of skin, skin color, and ages. The explanatory power of the 4 variables were 24.5%. Makeup satisfaction was influenced by lips and eyes satisfaction, ages, and skin care level. The explanatory power of the 3 variables were 13.3%.