• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.11.1-11.5
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• 2011

The MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) volumetric analysis of the brain was performed in 59 healthy elderly Koreans (aged 62-76 years; 34 male, 25 female) to investigate whether the previously reported significant correlations between body height and brain volumes in the young aged Koreans (20's) still exist in the old aged Koreans (60's and 70's). Unlike previously reported significant correlations in the young aged Koreans, neither the correlation between whole brain volume and body height in male nor the correlation between cerebellar volume and body height in female show any significance in the old aged Koreans. The significant correlation between body height and whole brain volume was still observed when both male and female data were combined (r=0.27, P<0.05), but the correlation coef-ficient and the level of significance markedly decreased from those of previously reported Korean youth data (r=0.67, P<0.01). Simple linear regression analysis shows decrease of explanatory power of height (measured in $r^2$) from 44% in the youth group to 7% in the old age group on the variance of whole brain volume. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that age and sex, rather than height, are major explanatory variables for whole brain volume in the old aged Koreans. The loss of correlations in the aged group is suspected to be mainly due to age related brain volume changes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.17-27
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• 1998

The need for periodic investigation on human growth rate and somatotypes has been increased because the scientific development and environmental factors have effected a lot on them recently. This study aimed to investigate the changes of the 638 female somatotypes in the age of 18-54 obtained by direct and indirect measurement. The measurement data were divided into 4 groups early young women age group (18-54), late young women age group (25-34), early middle age group (35-44), late middle age group (45-54) and compared each other based on each group by age. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. According to Mollison Curve based on the early young women, items of depth decreased overall and pp.P. length & shoulder length increased as the age increased. The circumference, breadth and thickness tended to increase, especially waist girth and thickness of waist increased markedly. The data showed that the increase rate of thickness was higher than that of breadth. 2. Gradual somatotype changes were observed by overlapping projection drawings obtained by direct measurement. Compared with the young women, the middle aged showed lower should point depth and hip line & crotch depth line were lengthened significantly. No significant difference was observed in overlapping of the early young women and the late young women' figure, neither was in early middle aged and the late middle aged. 3. By overlapping the side view of the young women group (18-37) and middle aged group (35-54), no significant postural characteristics were found, while the back tended to bend forward and the abdomen and hip appeared to get fat.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of regular Nordic walking exercise on the physical indicators and subjective happiness of middle-aged rural residents. Methods: A pretest and posttest design with a non-equivalent control group was conducted. The participants of experimental and control group were each 21 subjects from 40 to 64 years old. The Nordic walking exercise program consisted of 24 sessions which were focused on group exercise, and was conducted three times a week for eight weeks. Results: The experimental group showed significant decreases in body mass index (p=.042), body fat (p<.001), and abdominal fat (p=.026). The experimental group showed significant increases in muscle mass of right lower limb (p=.009) and left lower limb (p=.016) but was not statistically significant in right, left upper limbs and body. On the other hand, the control group showed significant decreases in muscle mass of right upper limb (p=.034), left upper limb (p=.038), and body (p=.034). There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and subjective happiness between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The Nordic walking exercise should be actively encouraged to improve health of the middle-aged in rural area.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.323-333
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• 2003

This is a comparative descriptive study conducted for 178 middle-aged women who were residing in Seoul and aged between 41 to 64 (95 in control group, and 83 in experimental group). The study was aimed to examine their climacteric symptoms, degree of fatigue, depression, anxiety and quality of sleep and to examine the differences on the symptoms between the two groups. Data were collected from April 1 to May 15, 2002 through self-statement using structured questionnaires. The collected data were verified with descriptive statistics, ? -test, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS/PC(+). The results are as follows. 1) The average scores of the climacteric symptoms were 1.56 .36 for the control group, and 1.55 .33 for the group taking relexzone massage, showing no significant difference between the groups (t=.15, p=.88). 2) The average scores of the degree of fatigue were 2.17 .65 for the control group, and 2.40 .66 for the group taking relexzone massage, showing a significant difference between the groups. (t=-2.31, p=.02) 3) The average scores of depression were 1.91 .50 for the control group, and 2.05 .42 for the group taking relexzone massage, showing a significant difference between the groups (t=-1.99, p=.05). 4) The average scores of anxiety were 1.54 .60 for the control group, and 1.57 .53 for the group taking relexzone massage, showing no significant difference between the groups (t=-.33, p=.74). 5) The average scores of quality of sleep were 2.97 .49 for the control group, and 2.98 .42 for the group taking relexzone massage, showing no significant difference between the groups(t=-.08, p=.93). Based on these results, the middle-aged women who take relexzone massage are considered to have less fatigue and depression than those who do not. As physiological regression progresses and the structure and role in the family are restructured, middle-aged women are like to experience various climacteric symptoms. As a nursing intervention, relexzone massage can be applied to middle-aged women to reduce their stress, climacteric symptoms and emotional anxiety, ultimately promoting their health. In order to implement relexzone massage as a nursing intervention, further testing on the psycho-neuroimmunologjcal effects of relexzone massage is necessary.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.246-260
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity, dietary habits, and nutritional status by age among low-income women, using data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007~2009). Subjects were 8,356 women aged 20 and over. The subjects were classified into four groups by age. Dietary data from 24-hr recall methods were used to analyze nutritional status. The prevalence of obesity in the 50~64 years age group was significantly higher than those of the other age groups. Among age groups, malnutrition was the highest in the 65-and-over age group. It appears that women in the 20~29 and 65-and-over age groups were the highest nutritional risk. The percentage of carbohydrates in total energy intake was higher and the percentages of protein and fat were lower in the 65-and-over age group than other groups. Frequency of skipping breakfast was lower in women aged 65-and-over, and moderate physical activity significantly decreased with increasing age. Awareness of dietary guidelines was higher in women aged 30~49 years than other groups, whereas it was lower in those aged 65-and-over years. Adherence to dietary guidelines of 'eating a variety of foods from each food group' was significantly lower in women aged 65-and-over years than those of other groups. However adherence to dietary guidelines of 'eating breakfast everyday with a pleasant mind' was significantly lower in women aged 20~29 years than those of other groups. Therefore, this study shows that low income women have various nutritional problems by age group, and we should support a tailored approach to improve their nutritional status.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.569-576
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• 2002

This study was peformed to evaluate the interfacial shear bond strength of base (direct and indirect) and repair composites with aging and surface treatment methods. Direct composite resin specimens ($Charisma^{\circledR}$, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 5 min, 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water before surface treatment, and then divided into five groups Group 1, grinding; Group 2, grinding and application of bonding agent, Group 3, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, and application of bonding agent, Group 4, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 30sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent ; Group 5, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 30sec. silane treatment, and application of bonding agent. Indirect composite resin specimens ($Artglass^{\circledR}$, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were aged for 1 week in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water and divided into seven groups Group 1 - Group 5, equal to Charisma specimens; Group 6, grinding, etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 60sec, silane treatment, and application of bonding agent; Group7, grinding, etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid for 60 sec, silane treatment, and application of bond-ing agent. The repair material($Charisma^{\circledR}$) was then added on the center of the surface (5 mm in diameter. 5 mm in height). The shear bond strength was tested and the data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student- Newman-Keuls test. The following conclusions were drawn. 1 The shear bond strength of $Charisma^{\circledR}$ specimens aged for 1 hour was significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05), and that of $Charisma^{\circledR}$ specimens aged for 1 week was signifi-cantly higher in Group 3 and Group 5 than in Group 1 (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the bond strength of specimens aged for 5 min and 24 hours. 2. In Group 2 of the $Charisma^{\circledR}$ specimens, there was significant difference between the bond strength of 24 hours and that of 1 week (p<0.05). 3. In Group 4 of the $Charisma^{\circledR}$ specimens, the shear bond strength of specimens aged for 24 hours was significantly higher than the others(p<0.05) 4. There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of the $Artglass^{\circledR}$ specimens, 5. Most of the $Charisma^{\circledR}$ specimens showed cohesive fractures. Artglass^{\circledR}$ specimens that were etched with acid (phosphoric or hydrofluoric) for 30 sec showed more cohesive fractures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.258-270
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• 1999

This study was carried out to offer the basic data for more qualitative lives of the middle-aged women through their health maintenance and control. So, the researcher reviewed and analyzed the health problems of the middle-aged women, the differences of main symptoms in each subject, positive ratcs in screening tests, the difference of screening tests with age and the correlation of obesity and blood pressure with screening tests. All subjects were 218 women(40-59years) who had a check-up at a comprehensive health check-up center in K University Hospital in Seoul from July 1, 1998 to August 31. 1998. Questionaires were developed to get subjects, general characteristics. main symptoms, medical examination and diagnosed disease by the researcher referring through the questionaires of comprehensive health check-up center and the medical recorders were used as a tool of study. The researcher analyzed the data with SPSS PC+ ; the distribution of the subjects, general characteristics and main symptoms with percentage : the difference between main symptoms and screening tests with X$^2$-test, ANOVA. The results are as follows. 1) Among the age distribution, most were 40-45 years old and unemployed. 2) The most common complaints were indigestion in digestive system, cough in respiratory system, heart beat in cardiovascular system, general sweat in endocrine system. edema in urinary system, easy bruise in hematologic system, backache in musculoskeletal system, headache in psychoneurologic system, lochia in gynecology, itch in dermatology system, eye ball pain in visual system and tinnitus in auditory system. 3) In main symptoms according to age, the 40-45 age group had a higher rate of complaints in digestive system and gynecology than other age group ; the 46-49 age group in endocrine system. 4) The main symptoms according to diagnosis had no difference statistically. 5) The screening tests which showed high rates of abnormality were mammography(the highest), abdominal ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal series/gastrofiberscopy, PFT. In all age group the highest rate of abnormality was seen in mammography. 6) In screening tests according to age. the 46-49 age group showed higher positive rates of pap smear, blood sugar test, urine test than any other age group ; the 50-55 age group showerd higher positive rates of obesity, BP, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, ESR, SGOT, CRP and urine micro. 7) In correlation of obesity with screening test, the obesity group showed higher positive rates of blood pressure, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, HCT and CRP than the normal weight group. 8) In correlation of blood pressure with screening test, the hypertension group showed higher positive rate of obesity, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, pap smear and blood sugar than the normal blood pressure group. In conculusion, the middle-aged women have various physical symptoms and affected by age. The obesity and BP have an important effect on the health of the middle aged women. Therefore, this study is considered significant as data for qualitative lives of the middle-aged women playing an important part of family health care by catching of their health problem complaints for prevention of disease and promotion of health.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 1992

This study was designed to find out the effects of aerobic exercise on the serum lipids in the middle-aged women. The effects of aerobic dancing on serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were studied in eight sedentary women(control group) and twenty seven aerobic exercising women(aerobic group) , aged 35∼45%. Aerobic exercising subjects were divided into 3 group; 2 to 3 months exercising group(Al), 4 to 10 months exercising group(AH), over 1 year exercising group(AIII) according to the periods of exercise. The serum lipid levels of aerobic exercising groups(AI, AII, AIIII) were compared with those of control group. The results statistically analyzed were summarized as follows : 1) The serum TG levels of aerobic groups decreased very significantly compared with those of control group(p< 0.001) and tended to be lower with the increase in aerobic periods. But there were no significant differences among aerobic groups by ANOVA. 2) The serum TC levels of aerobic groups decreased compared with those of control group and tended to be lower with the increase of aerobic periods. But there were no significant differences among groups. 3) Serum HDL-cholestrol level of A I group was elevated significantly compared with that of control group and significant difference was observed according to the aerobic periods : AR group exhibited higher serum HDL-cholesterol values than AH group, and AH group higher than A I group.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia is strongly correlated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, the most common and fatal diabetic complication. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of garlic and aged black garlic on glycemic control and blood lipid profile in animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three week-old db/db mice (C57BL/Ks, n=21) were fed AIN-93G semipurified diet or diet containing 5% freeze-dried garlic or aged black garlic for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Body weight and food intake of garlic and aged black garlic group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Fasting serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased and insulin level was significantly increased in garlic group compared with control group (p<0.05). Consumption of aged black garlic significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and tended to decrease serum glucose. Garlic consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol, while aged black garlic significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. These results suggest that garlic exerts hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect and aged black garlic improved insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in db/db mice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1977

The author evaluated physical psychological and socio-economical problems of the elderly, using interview and Cornell Medical Index. The subjects were 160 aged Persons (above 65 years old). who were divided into two groups-80 in home, 80 in an asylum for the aged The mean CMI scores are as follows: 1. The total subjects was 45.04 and the asylum group was found higher then the home group. 2. The female group was higher than the male group. 3. The single group was higher than the group who has spouse. 4. There was significant difference according to the economic state. 5. There was significant difference according to the degree of the activities on daily living.