• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.707-710
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• 2005

This experimental study investigate temperature dependency affecting setting and strength development of concrete using mineral admixtures such as CKD, FA and BS. For the properties of setting at $5^{\circ}C$, setting time of concrete with mineral admixture was delayed about $3\~14$ hour compared with that of plain concrete. Use of CKD had a desirable effect on reducing setting retard under $5^{\circ}C$ because of $CaCO_3$ of CKD while use of FA and BS retarded setting time greatly. For compressive strength under $5^{\circ}C$, concrete with CKD had the most compressive strength in early age compared with the other mineral admixtures but exhibited slight strength loss in $-5^{\circ}C$ at 28days. Especially, concrete with FA and BS was observed in early stage at low curing temperature because of strength loss remarkably in $-5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data for architectural planning on the wards and special quality of physical remedy spaces of geriatrics hospital. This research, to analyse dependency degree of inpatients in geriatric hospital, shows relativeness between remedy space and wards, and to show behavior of each patients reaction to there space. Result of interviewed inpatients who were sorted by age, sex, dependency degree, and days in hospital, suitable space programming is to need for physical and mental state. On the bases of survey and analysis, the basic data for planning and design the hospital for the elderly with dementia has been proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.3 s.28
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• pp.59-67
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• 2005

According to diverse studies in population migration, there has been a strong age-dependent population distribution in Korea. It is shown that a particular age-group tends to reside in a particular locale or community and the effect possesses usually statistical significance. We quantitatively address this issue: how certain division of age group resides in different region of the country, and investigate possible cause of this migration pattern for different age groups. In this study, population migration trend at age groups of 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s has been analyzed incorporating a spatial econometrics model that accounts for diverse statistical pitfalls such as spatial autocorrelation and spatial dependency. We found that migration trend for different age group corresponds to regional characteristics differently. The study concludes with some policy implications and suggests a need of further study.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.813-822
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study is first to refine the mathematical material models for moisture and temperature distributions in early-age concrete and then to incorporate those models into finite element procedure. The three dimensional finite element program developed in the present study can determine the degree of hydration, temperature and moisture distribution in hardening concrete. It is assumed that temperature and humidity fields are fully uncoupled and only the degree of hydration is coupled with two state variables. Mathematical formulation of degree of hydration Is based on the combination of three rate functions of reaction. The effect of moisture condition as well as temperature on the rate of reaction is considered in the degree of hydration model. In moisture transfer, diffusion coefficient is strongly dependent on the moisture content in pore system. Many existing models describe this phenomenon according to the composition of mixture, especially water to cement ratio, but do not consider the age dependency. Microstructure is changing with the hydration and thus transport coefficients at early ages are significantly higher because the pore structure in the cement matrix is more open. The moisture capacity and sink are derived from age-dependent desorption isotherm. Prediction of a moisture sink due to the hydration process, i.e. self-desiccation, is related to autogenous shrinkage, which may cause early-age cracking in high strength and high performance concrete. The realistic models and finite element program developed in this study provide fairly good results on the temperature and moisture distribution for early-age concrete and correlate very well with actual test data.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.203-223
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• 2018

This study examined the validity and the reliability of the perceived elderly stigma scale. Moreover, we investigated the relationships between the perceived elderly stigma and demographic factors (age, gender, education, and income). The initial scale consisted of 5 factors (ability, personality, appearance, authoritarian dependency, and child-obsession) and 28 items. In order to test the validity and the reliability of the scale, this study conducted a survey with 693 adults aged 18 to 65. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the scale was modified to 5 factors (ability, personality, appearance, authoritarian dependency, and child-obsession) and 15 items and its convergent validity and discriminant validity were confirmed. In terms of the relationships between the perceived elderly stigma and demographic factors, age had a negative relationship with the "ability" stigma, and education was a negatively associated with the "appearance" stigma.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.28-46
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• 2016

The study aims to find out relationship between investor's psychology and financial decision making. A questionnaire containing ten questions for investor's psychology and eleven questions on financial decision making was administered. The questionnaires addressed demographic and cultural variables and resulted in three investor's psychology and three for financial decision making. The results show differences in psychology of investors of different age groups. Similarly difference in financial decision making was observed for different age groups. Also a linear dependency was observed between the psychology and decision making.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.329-344
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• 1973

The purpose of this study is to find how the mother's rearing patterns and attitudes influence on a child's social personality development. Many contemporary psychologists insist that mother's rearing attitudes and methods before age of six influence on child's social personality development a great deal. Freud divided the child's developmental stages into three : oral, anal, and phallic period. According to his assumptions the way of mother's feeding and weaning has very important relationship with the personality development through ora period and how to handle toilet training will greatly influence through anal period. In addition to this, Symonds declares that a mother's rearing attitudes will influence the establishment of social characteristics of the child. The moderate attitude-not too overprotective or rejective or submissive or dominate-is desirable. If mother's attitude declines to one aspect among these four kinds too much, the child would have chances to develop maladjusted social characteristics such as aggressiveness , submissiveness, dependency, and dominativeness. The hypotheses of this study were based on Freud and Symonds theory and tested by correlation and the difference of percentage. The results of the study were as follows : I. The relationship between rearing pattern and social characteristics 1. When the child has too strictly scheduled feeding time, he will have aggressive attitudes. 2. The longer the feeding period, the more dependency the child will have. 3. In case the toilet training was taken place too early or strictly, the child will withdraw into his shell. 4. When the child failed to perform the toilet training and was punished because of that, the child's personality will likely to be too submissive or aggressive. II. The relationship between mother's attitudes and social personality 1. When the mother's attitude is too overprotective the child showed withdrawn characteristics (r = 89) or dependency ( r = 24). 2. The child whose mother has too rejective attitude also showed withdrawn characteristics ( r = 31). As Sears insisted self-demanding schedule is recommendable and the weaning supposed to be started after age of one and a half years and finished around age of two. The toilet training which has rather severe consequences than the feeding methods should be started when the child is able to understand what is expected to him. Sears says that about two years after birth would be proper but individual difference should be considered. As a conclusion, Flexible and understanding attitudes and rearing methods is necessary for a sound establishment of social personality.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 1989

This study analyzes the structural characteristics of rapid changes in Korean population, using the data of a census and other data on the changes in the population. Major findings are : 1. During 1950~1955, annual increase rate of population was about 1.02%, about 2.88% during 1955~1960, and 1.36% during 1980~1985. It is expected to decrease to 0.07% during 2015~2020. 2. Major Age Composition 0~14 is expected to reduce to 16.5% in 2020 from 41.2% in 1955, while the ratio of population aged 15~64 is expected to increase to 72.1% from 55.5%. Furthermore, for the population group of age 65 and over is expected to increase from a mere 3.3% to 11.4%. 3. The aging index of population is expected to increase to 69.5 in 2020 from 8.0 in 1955 and so the old dependency ratio is expected to 15.9 from 6.0 4. The median age is expected to 40.2 in 2020 from 19.0 in 1955. 5. In 2020 the child-woman ratio is expected to reduce to 22.3 from 64.7 in 1955. 6. In 2020 the age index of 0~4 is expected to 57.4 from 169.4 in 1955, and the age index of 65~69 to 261.7 from 95.6 on the contrary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.213-233
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• 1996

This study was made on 274 apoplectics patients who received the rehabilitation therapy and tests on physical, psychological and social adaptations as outpatients in 23 general hospitals in the Seoul and Kyungi area. The basic data on degree of improvement of apoplectic patients studied from rehabilitation therapy. Data was collected over a period of 63 days, from February 21st till April, 23, 1996. The assigned physical therapist conducted direct interviews with patients after he answered the distributed questionnaires for each individual patient. The colleted data was processed by the $SPCC/C^+$ method. The results of the tests conducted to meascne the the degree of ADL dependency, depression and social activity corresponding to the physical, psychological, and social adaptation. The details are ; 1) The test to meascne the degree of ADL dependency, corresponding to the study of physical adaptation of CVA patients, indicated a mean score of 2.57(ideal score is 1.0) with a standard deviation of ${\pm}0.75$. The worst score was 3.95 while the best score was a perfect 1.0, representing a severe range of dependency. The distribution was centered with a median of 2.65 and a mode of 2.68. 2) The test to meascne the degree of depression which corresponds to the level of psychological adaptation yielded a mean of 2.99 which is higher than the normal limit of 2.45. The standard deviation was ${\pm}0.52$ and the worst score and the best score were 4.35 and Respectirdy. The distribution was centered with a median of 3.00 and a mode of 3.00. 3) The test to meascne the degree of social activities for the level of social adaptation indicated a very low mean score of 26.52 (perfect score is 144), with the standard deviation of ${\pm}16.23$. Some patients scored as high as 100, but others scored as low as 3. The distribution of social activities at a very low level was shifted to the left with a median of 24.00 and a mode of 20.00. 4) Factors influencing the level of physical, psychological and social adaptation are as follows : Factors significantly influencing the level of physical adaptation measured by ADL dependency are age, personal guardian, payer of medical expenses, and paralysis of the right arm, right leg and facial paralysis. Factors significantly influencing the level of psychological adaptation measured by the degree of depression, are age, marital status, education, medical history of individual and family, speech impediment, and facial paralysis. Factors significantly influencing the level of social adaptation measured by the degree of social activity are age, marital status, education, employment status, and the burden of medical expense. 5) The Corelationship is significant(9.00), between ADL dependeing as degree of physical adaptation and depreseion as degree of psychologial adaptation. ADL dependency is proportional to depression. But social activity is inversely protional to ADL dependeny and depression. In conclusion, the increased care for physical function of the patients is not the only necessary means to better facilitate the appropriate adaptation of CVA patients. The introduction of a solid rehabilitation program for psychological and social adaptation will also play the integral part of the treatment of CVA patients.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing behaviors and wearing sensation of ready-to-wear of the elderly woman who residing in the Pusan and Kimhae. The subjects were elderly woman who assessed the wearing sensation of slacks, jacket 1(1-2button), jacket 2(over 4button), and jumper. The results were as follows: 1. In the analysis of the clothing behaviors factors, the factor 1 was the concern about the appearance, the factor 2 was mental dependency about the clothes, the factor 3 was the satisfaction about the clothes and the factor 4 was the concern about the fashion. 2. As for the wearing sensation of the slacks, waist and thigh of the slacks was large and slacks length and crotch length was long. As for the wearing sensation of the jacket 1, over the age of 70 years was more satisfied than under the age of 70 for the wearing sensation of bust, waist, hip, and sleeve length. As for the wearing sensation of the jacket 2, under the age of 70 years was more satisfied than over the age of 70 for the wearing sensation of sleeve length and location of the armhole. As for the wearing sensation of the jumper, the area showed significant difference in waist. Jumper was larger than jacket.