• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2004

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of diagnostic sonography in pediatric patients with inguinal hernias. The patients were classified into two groups. Group A included the patients who had been operated upon for inguinal hernia in 1980's, when diagnostic sonography was not available. Group B included the patients, operated upon for inguinal hernia from 2001 to 2002, when inguinal sonography was employed to detect potential bilateral hernias. The age distribution, sex ratio, laterality, bilaterality, and concomitant symptoms were compared between group A and group B. There were 296 cases in group A and 377 cases in group B. The prevalent age group was from 1 to 5 years. There was no difference in age group distribution between both groups. The male to female ratio was 5.3:1 in group A and 3.5:1 in group B. The ratio of unilateral to bilateral hernia was 5:1 in group A and 3:1 in group B. In cases with a unilateral hernia, the ratio of right to left was 1.5:1 in group A and 1.8:1 in group B. In cases with bilateral hernia, the simultaneous bilateral hernia was 33 cases (67.4 %) in group A and 75 cases (80.6 %) in group B. The sequential bilateral hernia was 16 cases (32.7 %) in group A and 18 cases (19.4 %) in group B. Although the ratio of bilateral hernia was increased in group B, the portion of the sequential bilateral hernia was significantly decreased in group B. In conclusion, there were no differences in the age distribution and the laterality between group A and B. The ratio of female patients and the incidence of bilateral hernia were increased in group B even though the portion of the sequential bilateral hernia was decreased. This result shows that the preoperative inguinal sonography in unilateral hernia with potential bilateral hernia is useful in early detection of the sequential contralateral hernia.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.160-166
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• 1994

Mid-arm circumference and mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio(MAC/HC) were measured in 207 AGA(appropriate for gestational age) infants delivered at 26 to 42 weeks of gestation from January 1990 to December 1993 in Yeungnam University Hospital, Taegu, Korea. There were linear relationships between MACs and MAC/HC ratios and gestational age(MAC : y=0.3181x - 2.2069, r=0.81, p<0.001 ; MAC/HC ratio : y=0.0049x+0.1128, r=0.62, ; < 0.001). Using standard curves of MAC and MAC/HC ratio according to the gestational age, measurement of MAC or MAC/HC ratio can be a noninvasive, simple method to evaluate the intrauterine growth of newborn infants and the nutritional status of growing premature infants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2004

A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method in 80 male elementary school children, 83 high school students, 87 adults and 98 elderly people over 65 years of age to discuss food and nutrient intakes among different age groups. In observing food intake by age groups, the percentage of plant foods to total food intake was significantly higher in the elderly than other groups and that of animal foods was the highest in the children. The children consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products. Carbohydrate energy percent in the elderly people was 68.0%, significantly higher than other age groups. All age groups consumed Ca below Korean RDA and especially, 65.1% of the adolescents and 68.4% of the elderly consumed below 75% of RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of most nutrients was lowest in the elderly. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.94 for the children, 0.84 for the adolescents, 0.84 for the adults, and 0.73 for the elderly. The above results suggest that food and nutrient intakes have been differently affected with advancing age, and overall dietary quality of the elderly people is lower than that of other age groups. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 143-152, 2004)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2003

To study the level of change in food and nutrient intake among different age groups, a dietary survey using the 24-hour recall method was conducted among 80 female elementary school children, 84 high school students, 100 adults from 25 to 35 years old and 120 elderly people over 60 years of age. The results of the study showed that plant food and total food intake were higher in adults and animal food intake was significantly higher in children. The percentage of plant food to total food intake was highest in the elderly and that of animal food to total food intake was highest in the children. The elderly consumed significantly less meat and poultry and more fish than the other groups. However, the children consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products. The elderly had the lowest Ca intake. Carbohydrate energy intake in the elderly was 70.3％, significantly higher than that for the other age groups. All of the age groups consumed a quantity of Ca below the Korean RDA and 77.5％ of the elderly consumed an amount below 75％ of the RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of most nutrients was lowest in the elderly. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.88 for the children, 0.84 for the adolescents, 0.80 for the adults, and 0.70 for the elderly. Therefore, the results show that food and nutrient intake changes with advancing age, and the overall quality of the diet of elderly people is lower than that for the other age groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1990

The values of blood composition were analyzed by age, season, and sex from Chejuhorse in Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follow; 1. The values of white blood cell(WBC), packed cell volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) were significantly different between age. The WBC value was decreased with the progress of age and the PCV value was lower in the early age of 1,2 to 3 years than in the higher age of 4 to 5, and over 6 years. 2. The mean value of MCV was increased with the progress of age but the adverse was true in MCHC. 3. In the case of seasons, the values of red blood cell(RBC), WBC, hemoglobin(Hb) PCV, MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), MCHC, globulin(Glo), albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio, inorganic phosphorus(Pi), cholesterol(Chol), and chlorine(Cl) showed significant differences. The number of RBC was not varied from winter to summer but decreased in autumn. The number of WBC was high in summer and autumn, but low in winter and spring. 4. The values of MCV were high in autumn and winter, but low in spring and summer. 5. The values of MCH and MCHC were similar in spring and summer, but strikingly increased in autumn. 6. The values of Glo and A/G ratio were negatively correlated with the season; The value of A/G ratio was lowest in summer but no differences were observed in spring, autumn and winter. On the other hand, the value of Glo was highest in summer but no differences were observed in spring, autumn, and winter. 7. The values of Pi, Chol, and CI were high in summer and winter, but low in spring and autumn. 8. The values of RBC, MCV, and MCH were significantly different between sex. The value of the RBC count in male was higer than the female, but the adverse is true in MCV, and MCH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.877-890
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• 2019

This study investigated the location of grading lines and grading amount defined by 17 women's wear brands for a pants item by target age groups (20-30, 30-40, and 40-50). This study utilized 6th Size Korea data and a script-based on a 3D scan measurement program to analyze the increase rate of body size in order to suggest a grading deviation distribution ratio for the pants using regression analysis. This study found that most brands appropriately divided grading amount at front thigh girth and back hip girth into the side and center by 1:1. Most brands divided the grading amount at the front hip girth into the side and center by 1:1; however, the ratio found from Size Korea is 0.8:1.2 for the 20-30 age group, 0.7:1.3 for the 30-40 age group, and 0.6:1.4 for the 40-50 age group. Regarding the back thigh girth, the brands targeting 20-30s, 30-40s, and 40-50s respectively assigned the grading amount into the side and center by 1:1, 1:1.2, and 1:1.3. However, the ratio found from Size Korea is 1.4:0.6 for the 20-30 age group, 1.7:0.3 for the 30-40 age group, and 1.3:0.7 for the 40-50 age group. The results can be utilized in improving the grading system of the pants item.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, blood lipids and bone mineral density of male (n = 59) and female (n = 172) teachers according to the obesity index by percentage of body fat and age. The energy intakes of obesity group were higher than normal group in male (p < 0.05), but were not significant in female. The protein intake ratio among three energy nutrients for male was higher than female (p < 0.001), and lipid intake ratio of obesity group in female was a little higher than male that was not significant. TC, LDL, TC/HDL, risk of coronary heart disease, blood glucose and blood pressure of obesity group were higher than normal group in female (p < 0.01 ~ p < 0.001), but were little significance in male. Risk of coronary heart disease was affected by gender (p < 0.001), obesity degree (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.001), and interaction of gender and age (p < 0.001). Blood glucose was affected by obesity degree (p < 0.05), but was not affected by age. T-scores of forearm for female (= -1.42) were lower than that of male = -0.95), and T-scores of obesity group in male (= 0.12) were higher than that of normal group (= -0.33) but were not significant in female. The T-scores of forearm for female were affected by age (p < 0.05) and gender (p < 0.01), but calcaneus was not affected by gender. These results suggest lipid intake ratio should be balanced for obesity group in female. Nutritional education for treatment obesity to prevent hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis is necessary for obesity group and older age groups. T-scores of forearm were lower than calcaneus, so arm exercise would be especially required to prevent osteoporosis for older age women groups.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.11-16
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• 2002

The production of Portland cement involves maximum use of resources and energy, which leads to destruction of tile ecological environment, raising in serious environmental issues such as acid rain and the greenhouse effect. In order to combat the arising problems associated with Portland cement, it thus is necessary that a non-clinker cement should be developed. In this study, non-clinker cement is produced by blending granulate blast furnace slag with phosphogypsum as main materials, and small amounts of hydrate lime or waste lime as activators. This paper aims to investigate compressive strength according to various condition of mixing ratio, blame, W/C ratio and curing temperature. Compressive strength of non-clinker cement increases continuously according to increase in curing age and blain. Although the compressive strength is fairly comparable to that of OPC in the early curing age, it reaches a higher lever in the later age than that of OPC due to the optimum mixing ratio and the continuous reaction of slag and phosphogypsum. Results obtained from this study have shown that non-clinker cement could be used as a replacement of OPC.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.668-671
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• 2004

Recently, the concern for mechanical properties at early age concrete are increasing because of the importance of the thermal stress and the determination of removal time of form work and prestressing work. In this study, an estimation for the development of compressive strength and elastic modulus with age in concretes isothermally cured $(10^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C)$ and having W/C ratio of 30, 40, and $50\%$ were investigated. According to experiment results, the development of compressive strength and elastic modulus shows higher values at early ages as the W/C ratio decreases and curing temperature increases. When the maturity concept, for estimation of the strength, is adopted, a modification for W/C ratio is required at early ages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.89-90
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• 2013

This study is to predict the compressive strength for the concrete of ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and use Plowman's, Gompertz's model. The results are as follows; The prediction compressive strength were simiar using Rastrup's equivalent age model. but The prediction compressive strength using Freiesleben's equivalent age model weren't simiar in bfs replacement Ratio of 50%, because it is analyzed as the activation energy.