• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.217-228
• /
• 2019

This study was designed to investigate the effect of exercise prescription service on user satisfaction and reuse intention of fitness center users in C region, Gangwon-do. The subjects of this study were 250 fitness center users aged 20 and over. Survey was conducted to examine users satisfaction and reuse intention. The final analysis data is 227 copies and the results are as follows. First, there was a significant difference in sex at the facility of satisfaction of use(t=2.308, p=.022). The marriage showed a significant difference in the price among user satisfaction(t=2.490, p=.014) and reuse intention(t=-1.968, p=.05). Age showed significant differences in the duration of participation(F=7.117, p=.000), frequency (F=6.171, p=.000), and intensity(F=2.791, p=.027). User satisfaction showed significant differences according to price(F=6.171, p=.000), leader(F=3.083, p=.017) and reuse intention(F=2.699, p=.032). There was a significant difference in education groups in terms of duration of participation(F=3.656, p=.007) and frequency(F=3.164, p=.015). leader(F=5.170, p=.001) and price(F=2.899, p=.023) were different in user satisfaction. Jobs showed a significant difference in the duration of participation(F=4.685, p=.000), intensity(F=2.373, p=.023) and reuse intention(F=4.840, p=.000). Monthly income showed a significant difference in user satisfaction(F=4.651, p=.001) and facility(F=2.606, p=.037). Second, there was a significant difference in the duration of participation according to presence or absence of exercise prescription service(t=-4.410, p=.000). There was also significant differences in the user satisfaction(t=-7.951, p=.000), leader(t=5.304, p=.000), facility(t=2.033, p=.043) and reuse intention(t=4.640, p=.000) in terms of the presence of exercise prescription service. Third, in the relation between exercise prescription service and the participation level, there was a significant effect of the leader(β=.221, p=.001) and the price(β=.135, p=.045) of user satisfaction, and the reuse intention(β=.182, p=.007). Fourth, among the user satisfaction influenced by exercise prescription service, facilities(β=.178, p=.005) and leader(β=.497, p=.000) were found to affect reuse intention.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.135-153
• /
• 2020

Identifiable victim effect refers to the tendency of greater sympathy and helping behavior to identifiable victims than to abstract, unidentifiable ones. This research tested whether this tendency also affects third-party's punishment and compensation judgments in jury context for public's legal judgments. In addition, through the Identifiable victim effect in such legal judgment, we intended to explain the effect of 'the bill named for victim', putting the victim's real name and identity at the forefront, which is aimed at strengthening the punishment of related crimes by gaining public attention and support. To do so, we conducted experiments with hypothetical traffic accident scenarios that controlled legal components while manipulating victim's identifying information. In experiment 1, each participant read a scenario of an anonymous victim (unidentifiable condition) or a nonanonymous victim that included personal information such as name and age (identifiable condition) and made judgments on the degree of punishment and compensation. The results showed no effect of identifiability on third-party's punishment and compensation judgments, but moderation effect of BJW was obtained in the identifiable condition. That is, those with higher BJW showed greater tendency of punishment and compensation for identifiable victims. In Experiment 2, we compared an anonymous victim (unidentifiable condition) against a well-conducted victim (positive condition) and ill-conducted victim (negative condition) to test the effects of victim's characteristics on punishment for offender and compensation for victims. The results showed lower compensation for an ill-conducted victim than for an anonymous one. In addition, across all conditions except for negative condition, participants made punishment and compensation judgments higher than the average judicial precedents of 10-point presented in the rating scale. This research showed that victim's characteristics other than legal components affects third-party's legal decision making. Furthermore, we interpreted third-party's tendency to impose higher punishment and compensation with effect of 'the bill named for victim' and proposed social and legal discussion for and future research.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 1999

This study was to test whether the viability of bovine hatched blastocysts (HBs) can be maintained after vitrification and thawing. The HBs were produced in vitro at Day 9 and Day 10 after IVF, and they were classified to small (S-HBs; ø$\leq$300 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and large(L-HBs; ø＞300 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) on the basis of embryo diameter using eyepiece micrometer. As freezing solution, we used EFS35 which consisted of 35% ethylene glycol (EG), 18% ficoll, 0.3 M sucrose and 10% FBS added in mDPBS. Vitrification was taken by two-step method, the HBs were equilibrated in 10% EG for 5 minutes and then shortly exposed in EFS35 and plunged into L$N_2$for 30~45 sec. After thawing, the survival rates were assessed by the re-expansion of the blastocoel during 2 h and 16 h of culture. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows; 1) When the blastocysts(40.8%) recovered at Day 8 after IVF were further cultured for 24 h(Day 9 after IVF) and 48 h(Day 10 after IVF), the rates of HBs were 20.5% and 6.7%, respectively. Also, the total cell number of HBs on Day 9 was significantly higher than that of HBs on Day 10 (p＜0.01). 2) When the effects of freezing solution to the survival of Day 9 L-HBs were examined, the rate of vitrified group (75.7%) was significantly lower than 100% of control and exposed group(p＜0.05). 3) When the survival rates of vitrified HBs according to size and developmental age were examined, the data of L-HBs (75.5%) and S-HBs(63.6%) on Day 9 were slightly higher than those of L-HBs(64.3%) and S-HBs(60.7%) on Day 10. 4) Also, when the in vitro survival of Day 9 HBs was evaluated under different culture condition after thawing, the result in culture medium only (79.3%) was significantly higher than 43.2% in co-culture group (p＜0.05). These results demonstrated that bovine HBs can be successfully cryopreserved by two-step vitrification method using EFS35.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study analyzed the treatment effects of drain insertion in the posteromedial portal after an arthroscopic synovectomy and posterior septum resection for pyogenic arthritis. Materials and Methods: From June 2005 to December 2016, 56 cases (55 patients, 1 case of bilateral knee) were diagnosed with pyogenic arthritis and arthroscopic treatment was performed. Fourteen patients (25.0%) were identified with causative organisms. The average follow-up period was 12.3 months, and the mean age was 67.8 years old. Twenty-four cases were males and 31 cases were females. Kellgrene-Lawrence grade (K-L grade) I was 6 patients, II was 20 patients, III was 11 patients, and IV was 18 patients. Surgery was performed through six portal. The posterior septum was removed and a drainage tube was inserted from the posterior medial side to the posterior side of the joint. The Lysholm score was used after surgery for a functional evaluation. The K-L grade at the time of admission and at the last follow-up were compared for a radiological evaluation. Results: The mean normalization period of the C-reactive protein was 59.8 days (6-164 days). Intravenous antibiotics were used for an average of 37.1 days. The results of the functional evaluation revealed a mean Lysholm score of 64.5 (30-98) in a total of 56 cases. Two reoperations was performed, but the treatment was completed with same method in all patients. The K-L grade was similar at the time of surgery and at the last follow-up (p>0.05). Conclusion: The method of drain insertion in the posteromedial portal after arthroscopic synovectomy and posterior septum resection for pyogenic arthritis is an effective technique that can obtain satisfactory results by inducing proper exudate discharge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
• /
• no.41
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forest play activities on children's emotional vocabulary change. Forest play activities were conducted for 498 children aged 4 to 5 years old who visited the environmental training in G city for forest play activity for 1 hour. As a result, positive vocabulary was significantly improved from 0.95±0.78 before forest play to 1.15±1.21 after forest play(p=.003) and negative vocabulary was significantly decreased from 1.27±1.58 to 0.41±1.10(p=.000). In the case of male children, positive vocabulary was increased significantly from 0.96±0.82 to 1.36±1.24(p=.000), in the case of negative vocabulary, it decreased significantly from 1.42±1.74 to 0.55±1.30(p=.000). In the case of female children, negative vocabulary was significantly decreased from 1.12±1.37 to 0.26±0.26(p=.000), but the positive vocabulary increase was not significant(p=.851). As a result of age, for a 4-year-old children, positive vocabulary did not show significant difference between before and after forest play(p=.471), and negative vocabulary was significantly increased from 1.04 ± 1.42 before forest play to 0.41±1.16 after forest play(p=.000). For a 5-year-old children, positive vocabulary was increased significantly from 0.96±0.85 to 1.23±1.21(p=.001) and negative vocabulary was decreased significantly from 1.41±1.65 to 0.41±1.06(p=.000). As a result of this study, it was found that play activities using various natural objects in the forest were directly related to nature, resulting in positive vocabulary increase and negative vocabulary decrease.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.345-356
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the local stability of the lower extremity joints and muscle activation patterns of the lower extremity during walking between falling and non-falling group in the elderly women. Method: Forty women, heel strikers, were recruited for this study. Twenty subjects (age:72.55±5.42yrs; height:154.40±4.26cm; mass:57.40±6.21kg; preference walking speed:0.52±0.17m/s; fall frequency=1.70±1.26 times) had a history falls(fall group) within two years and Twenty subjects (71.90±2..90yrs; height:155.28±4.73cm; mass:56.70±5.241kg; preference walking speed: 0.56±0.13m/s) had no history falls(non-fall group). While they were walking on a instrumented treadmill at their preference speed for a long while, kinematic and EMG signals were obtained using 3-D motion capture and wireless EMG electrodes, respectively. Local stability of the ankle and knee joint were calculated using Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) and muscles activation and their co-contraction index were also quantified. Hypotheses were tested using one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitey. Spearman rank was also used to determine the correlation coefficients between variables. Level of significance was set at p<.05. Results: Local stability in the knee joint adduction-abduction was significantly greater in fall group than non-fall group(p<.05). Activation of anterior tibials that acts on the foot segment dorsal flexion was greater in non-fall group than fall group(p<.05). CI between gastrocnemius and anterior tibials was found to be significantly different between two groups(p<.05). In addition, there was significant correlation between CI of the leg and LyE of the ankle joint flexion-extention in the fall group(p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, muscles that act on the knee joint abduction-adduction as well as gastrocnemius and anterior tibials that act on the ankle joint flexion-extention need to be strengthened to prevent from potential fall during walking.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2019

This study was to compare arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses between male smokers and non-smokers. This study also investigates the influences of smoking before exercise on arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses. 24 male subjects of age 20-29 without history of cardiorespiratory disease were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Smokers had more than 5 years of smoking experience. In order to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise smoking, smokers were tested twice, once with a cigarette before the exercise and the other once without one. Data was collected from bio-impedance analysis, SphygmoCor XCEL, graded exercise test, and fitness test. Main results of this study are as follows: First, there are differences between smokers and non-smokers in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by maximal oxygen consumption, exercise duration, and heart rate. Second, the although the arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically significant differences in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, smoker had a faster rate. It shows that smoking behavior has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Third, pre-exercise smoking behavior does have an impact on cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by exercise duration and heart rate. Lastly, arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically not significant in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Brachial systolic pressure, a component of pulse wave analysis, on the other hand, was significantly dependent on pre-exercise smoking behavior. Subjects who participated in this study are college students in early 20s. Given their relatively short history of smoking, it is possible that their smoking habits are not severe enough to develop into cardiorespiratory or cardiovascular diseases. But Smokers showed lower levels of cardiopulmonary functions, as maximal oxygen consumption and exercise duration than nonsmokers.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.361-373
• /
• 2019

Falls are a threat to the physical health of the elderly as well as to their overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify which type of exercise is effective for improving the balance of the elderly, and to obtain the basic data for developing the falls prevention exercise intervention program for the elderly. We compared to the differential effects between rhythmic step exercise and core muscle strengthening exercise in terms of functional balance test and self-reported balance test. Women older than 65 years and under 80 years of age were assigned to one of the step exercise group(21), core muscle exercise group(20), and control group(21), and for 8 weeks, twice per week, 20-30 minutes of exercise were treated. All participants performed one foot static balance test with open and closed eyes. And they responded to self-reported balance test, such as Fall Efficacy Scale(FES) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence(ABC) Scale. The results of statistical analysis are summarized as follows. First, rhythmic stepping exercise was more effective in improving functional balance than core muscle strengthening exercise. In particular, the effect of step exercise was obvious in the one-foot static balance test with open eyes. Second, the self-reported balance test showed better step exercise than core muscle exercise. Specifically, rhythmic step exercise was more effective in enhancing fall efficacy than core muscle exercise. In conclusion, the rhythmic step exercise was more effective in improving the balance ability of the elderly than the core muscle exercise. The rhythmic step exercise is more related to the lower extremity muscles, and especially since the rhythmic step exercise is performed in various ground changes, it seems to have a high similarity to the fall occurrence situation. For future research, we recommended the development of task-oriented ankle proprioceptive exercise intervention program and exercise equipment based on the specific motion situation in which the fall accident occurs in the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.19-41
• /
• 2010

This study aims to investigate how religious orientation of college students and the religious fundamentalism are related to their subjective well-being, and the interaction of religious orientations and the religious fundamentalism on their well-being. The participants were 374 college students who studies at an university located in Seoul, whose average of age were 22.54 (SD=4.79). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: I/E-R, the Religious Fundamentalism Scale, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Emotion Frequency Test, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, Life Satisfaction Motivation Scale, and Life Satisfaction Expectancy Scale. Although religious students experienced more religious well-being than non-religious students, their subjective well-being were not higher than those of non-religious students. Results reveal that religious orientations were positively related to subjective well-being such as life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and positive emotions, as well as spiritual well-being. However, those covariance was approximately 4~6% only. Religious fundamentalism was also positively related to spiritual well-being and life satisfaction, it was negatively related to the motivation to live though. On the other hand, moderate effects of the religious fundamentalism on the relations of religious orientations to most of subjective well-being variables. Results of simple main effect analyses indicated that the students who were strongly oriented toward religion with higher religious fundamentalism showed significantly higher existential well-being, positive emotions, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and especially their motivation and expectation for future life, whereas there were no significant differences in subjective well-being of students with lower religious fundamentalism by religious orientation. This finding suggests that some religiosity variables could affect human well-being with interactions

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2023

We conducted a 5 × 5 diallel cross-combination test using 1,060 chickens from pure lines of Korean Rhode-C, -D, Korean Leghorn-F, -K, and Korean Native Yellowish-brown chicken (KNC-Y) to develop a new Korean native chicken layer breeder. The laying performance and combining ability, including livability, body weight, age of first egg-laying, hen-day egg production, and egg weight, were analyzed. The livability from birth to 48 weeks was 72.1±24.0%, with the highest observed in the YC and the lowest in the DK combination (P<0.01). The YC combination exhibited the highest general combining ability (GCA), while the YD combination showed the highest specific combining ability (SCA). Regarding body weight, combinations involving Leghorn showed lighter weights compared to combinations with Rhode and KNC-Y (P<0.01). Additionally, the offspring from the KNC-Y combination reached sexual maturity earlier than those from the Rhode combination. The hen-day egg production was 70.7±12.0%, with the highest seen in the CK combination at 86% (P<0.01). The effects of GCA and SCA on hen-day egg production were similar, with the SCA being highest in the YD combination and the GCA being highest in the Rhode-C. Significant differences in egg weight were observed among the combinations, with the eggs from Rhode and Leghorn combinations being heavier than those from combinations with KNC-Y (P<0.01). In conclusion, the YC and YD combinations, characterized by excellent livability, are highly desirable paternal strains, while the CF and CK combinations, with excellent laying performance and moderate egg weight, are preferred maternal strains for Korean native chicken layer breeders.